- Isivivinyo se-PRIMAvera nabahlanganyeli be-38 ezikhungweni ze-17 emazweni amahlanu: i-27 ye-32 ibuyele ekufundeni futhi i-26 ibonise ukuthuthukiswa kwe-acuity emitholampilo.
- Isistimu ye-PRIMA: 2x2 mm engenantambo ye-photovoltaic microchip esebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-infrared okunezibuko kanye neprosesa ukuze ivuselele i-retina.
- Ukuphepha: Izehlakalo ezimbi bezilindelwe futhi zixazululwe kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuncipha kokubona okukhona kwendawo.
- I-Science Corporation ifake isicelo sokugunyazwa eYurophu nase-U.S.; ukulungiswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kuyathuthukiswa.
Uhlolo lwezokwelapha lwamazwe ngamazwe lubonise ukuthi a i-wireless retina implant ehlanganiswe nezibuko Ingabuyisela ikhono lokufunda kubantu abalahlekelwe umbono omaphakathi ngenxa ye-geographic atrophy., ifomu elithuthukisiwe le ukwehla kwe-macular okuhlobene neminyaka (AMD)Imininingwane, eyanyatheliswa kuyi-New England Journal of Medicine, ikhomba ku ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okubonakale kungafinyeleleki kuze kube muva nje.
Ngaphezu kwe ingxenye yalabo abaphothule unyaka owodwa wokulandelela Baphinde bathola ikhono lokuhlonza izinhlamvu, izinombolo namagama ngeso eliphathwayo, futhi iningi labika ukuthi lisebenzisa lolu hlelo ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke ukuze benze imisebenzi evamile njenge funda imeyili noma ipheshanaAkulona ikhambi, kodwa kuwukugxuma okuphawulekayo kokuzimela.
Ikhuluma ngayiphi inkinga futhi obani ababambe iqhaza?
I-geographic atrophy (GA) Iwukuhlukahluka kwe-atrophic kwe-AMD kanye nembangela eyinhloko yobumpumputhe obungenakulungiseka kubantu abadala asebekhulile; ithinta abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba iqhubeka, i Ukubona okuphakathi konakala ngokufa kwama-photoreceptors ku-macula, kuyilapho ukubona okuseceleni ngokuvamile kugcinwa.
Indaba ye-PRIMAvera kufaka phakathi iziguli ezingama-38 ezineminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu ezikhungweni eziyi-17 emazweni amahlanu aseYurophu (iFrance, iJalimane, i-Italy, iNetherlands ne-United Kingdom). Kwabangu-32 abaqede izinyanga eziyi-12 zokulandelela, abangu-27 bakwazi ukufunda futhi ngomshini futhi abangama-26 (81%) bathole a ukuthuthuka okubalulekile emtholampilo ekuboneni kahle.
Phakathi kwabahlanganyeli, kwakukhona izimo eziphawulekayo zokuthuthukiswa: isiguli esisodwa safinyelelwa bona ezinye izinhlamvu ezingama-59 (imigqa engu-12) eshadini lamehlo, futhi ngokwesilinganiso inzuzo yayicishe ibe 25 izinhlamvu (imigqa emihlanu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- 84% kubikwe kusetshenziswa umbono wokufakelwa ekhaya ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
Ucwaningo beluqondiswe ngu UJosé-Alain Sahel (University of Pittsburgh), Daniel Palanker (Stanford University) y UFrank Holz (University of Bonn), ngokubamba iqhaza kwamaqembu afana I-Moorfields Eye Hospital eLondon kanye nezikhungo ezihambisana nazo eFrance nase-Italy.
Indlela uhlelo lwe-PRIMA olusebenza ngayo
Idivayisi ithatha indawo yama-photoreceptors alimele isebenzisa a 2x2 mm, ~30 μm obukhulu be-subretinal photovoltaic microchip okuguqula ukukhanya kube ama-impulses kagesi ukuze vuselela amangqamuzana e-retina aseleAyinayo ibhethri: inikwa amandla ukukhanya ekutholayo.
Isethi iphelezelwa ngu izibuko ezinekhamera esithwebula isigameko futhi asifake kuso ukukhanya okuseduze kwe-infrared phezu kokufakelwa. Lokhu kuqagela kuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kunoma yimuphi umbono wemvelo osele futhi kuvumela ukulungiswa sondeza nokuqhathanisa ukwenza imininingwane emihle edingekayo yokufunda isebenziseke kakhulu.
Ekucushweni kwamanje, okokufakelwa kune- 378 pixel/electrode array eyenza umbono omnyama nomhlophe wokufakelwa. Abacwaningi basaqhubeka izinguqulo ezintsha ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ukuze kube lula imisebenzi efana nokubonwa kobuso.
Imiphumela yomtholampilo nokuvuselelwa
Ukuhlaziya kubonisa ukuthi, uma usebenzisa uhlelo, ababambiqhaza kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwabo ezivivinyweni zokufunda ezijwayelekile. Nalabo abaqale bengakwazi ukukhomba izinhlamvu ezinkulu imigqa eminingana isithuthukisiwe ngemva kokuqeqeshwa.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngokuhlinzwa kwe-ophthalmological lokho ngokuvamile ihlala ngaphansi kwamahora amabiliCishe ngemva kwenyanga eyodwa idivayisi iyasebenza futhi isigaba ukuvuselelwa okujulile, okubalulekile ekufundeni ukuhumusha isignali futhi uzinzise amehlo akho ngezibuko.
Isici esifanelekile ukuthi uhlelo alunciphisi umbono okhona we-peripheral. Ulwazi olusha olumaphakathi olunikezwa ukufakelwa ihlanganisa nokubona ohlangothini lwemvelo, okuvula umnyango ukuhlanganisa kokubili imisebenzi yempilo yansuku zonke.
Ukuphepha, imiphumela emibi kanye nemikhawulo yamanje
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo, okulandelayo kwabhalwa: izenzakalo ezimbi ezilindelwe (isb., umfutho wegazi ophakeme we-ocular wesikhashana, ukopha okuncane kwe-subretinal, noma ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo). Iningi Kwaxazululwa emavikini Ngokuphathwa kwezokwelapha, zazibhekwa njengesixazululo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-12.
Namuhla, umbono wokufakelwa i-monochrome futhi enokulungiswa okulinganiselwe, ngakho-ke ayithathi indawo yombono ka-20/20. Nokho, ikhono lokufunda amalebula, izimpawu noma izihloko imele ushintsho olubambekayo ekuzimele kanye nenhlalakahle yabantu abane-AG.
Ukutholakala nezinyathelo ezilandelayo
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni, umenzi, Inkampani yeSayensi, ucelile ukugunyazwa kokulawula eYurophu nase-United States. Amaqembu amaningana—okuhlanganisa i-Stanford ne-Pittsburgh—ayahlola ukuthuthuka okusha izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nama-algorithms okuthuthukisa ukucijile, ukwandisa umbala ompunga, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza ezigcawini zemvelo.
Ngaphandle kokuzilolonga, idivayisi ayitholakali okwamanje ekusebenzeni komtholampiloUma kuvunyiwe, ukwamukelwa kwayo kulindeleke ukuthi kube kancane kancane futhi kugxile, ekuqaleni, ezigulini ezine-geographic atrophy ukuhlangabezana nemibandela yokukhetha futhi bazimisele ukwenza ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo.
Imiphumela eshicilelwe ibonisa inqubekelaphambili eqinile: ngaphezu kwama-80% eziguli abahloliwe bakwazi ukufunda izinhlamvu namagama besebenzisa umbono wokufakelwa ngaphandle kokudela umbono we-peripheralKusenendlela ende okufanele ihanjwe—ukuthuthukisa ukulungiswa, ukunethezeka, nokubonwa kobuso—kodwa ukugxumela phambili okwenziwa ukufakwa kwe-subretinal retina. kuphawula inguquko kulabo abalahlekelwe ukufunda ngenxa ye-AMD.
Ngingumshisekeli wezobuchwepheshe oguqule izintshisekelo zakhe "ze-geek" zaba umsebenzi. Ngichithe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 yempilo yami ngisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokukitaza ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo ngenxa yelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi. Manje sengiqeqeshelwe ubuchwepheshe be-computer nemidlalo yama-video. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5 ngisebenza ngokubhalela amawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene ezobuchwepheshe nemidlalo yevidiyo, ngenza izindatshana ezifuna ukukunikeza imininingwane oyidingayo ngolimi oluqondakala yiwo wonke umuntu.
Uma unemibuzo, ulwazi lwami lusukela kuyo yonke into ehlobene nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Windows kanye ne-Android yomakhalekhukhwini. Futhi ukuzibophezela kwami kuwe, ngihlala ngizimisele ukuchitha amaminithi ambalwa futhi ngikusize uxazulule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo kulo mhlaba we-inthanethi.