Uchaza kanjani into engaguquki?

Uchaza kanjani into engaguquki? I-programming constant yinani elingeke likwazi ukuguqulwa noma lilungiswe uma selinikiwe. Ngokungafani nokuguquguqukayo, inani lalo elingashintsha kulo lonke uhlelo, ama-constants anenani eligxilile neliqhubekayo phakathi nokusetshenziswa kwekhodi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi ama-constants achazwa kanjani ezilimini ezihlukene zokuhlela nokuthi angasetshenziswa kanjani ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza.

Incazelo nenjongo yama-constants. Ama-Constant asetshenziselwa ukumela amanani angaguquki, angaguquleki kukhodi. Lawa manani ngokuvamile ayidatha ⁤okungafanele ishintshe⁤ kulo lonke uhlelo, njengenombolo ye-PI noma ubukhulu bosayizi welungu elifanayo. Ngokusebenzisa ama-constants, ukugcinwa nokuqonda kwekhodi kwenziwa kube lula, njengoba inani labo licacile futhi alikwazi ukuguqulwa ngephutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ⁢ama-constants avumela ukuthi kubhalwe ikhodi efundeka kakhulu, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwawo njalo kugwema ⁤ukuphindaphinda kwamanani ezinombolo noma angokoqobo.

Izindlela zokuchaza ama-constants ezilimini ezahlukene. Ulimi ⁢ ngalunye lokuhlela⁤ lune-syntax⁢ yalo yokuchaza okungaguquki. Ezinye izilimi zisebenzisa⁤ amagama angukhiye afana const o final, kuyilapho abanye basebenzisa iziqondiso ezikhethekile noma amamakhro. Ngokwesibonelo, ku ulimi C, okungaguquki kuchazwa kusetshenziswa igama elingukhiye const, kulandelwa uhlobo lwedatha kanye negama lokungaguquki. Kwezinye ⁢izilimi ezinjenge-Java,⁢ igama elingukhiye⁤ liyasetshenziswa final ukuchaza okungaguquki. Kubalulekile ukujwayela ⁤i-syntax ethize ⁣yolimi ⁢esetshenziselwa ukuchaza kahle ama-constant.

Ukucatshangelwa lapho usebenzisa ama-constants. Nakuba ama-constants⁢ ewusizo ekumeleleni amanani angaguquki, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukucatshangelwa okumbalwa lapho uwasebenzisa.Okunye kwakho ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi usebenzisa amagama achazayo nanomqondo kuzilinganiso ezingaguquki, ukwenza ikhodi iqondeke kalula. . ⁤ Ukwengeza, kuwumkhuba omuhle ukuhlanganisa ama-constants ahlobene endaweni eyodwa, njengengxenye ehlukile noma ifayela, ukugwema ukuhlakazeka nokugcina ikhodi ihlelekile. Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi amanye ama-constants awakwazi ukuguqulwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa, okusho ukuthi angachazwa kuphela ngamavelu aziwa ngaleso sikhathi.

Kafushane, ama-constants adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ngokuvumela incazelo yamanani angaguquki futhi angaguquki kukhodi. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo okulungile kusiza ukugcinwa, ukuqonda kanye nokufundeka kwekhodi. Ulimi ngalunye lohlelo lunohlelo lwalo lokuchaza amagama angaguquki, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukujwayelana nolimi olusetshenziswayo. Uma usebenzisa ama-constants, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinto ezifana namagama achazayo nokuqoqa kahle. Ngalolu lwazi, abahleli bazokwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele okungaguquki ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza.

Kuyini ukungaguquguquki ezinhlelweni?

A njalo ezinhlelweni ⁢inani elingeke lashintsha phakathi⁤ ⁤ nokwenziwa kohlelo. Ngokungafani nokuguquguqukayo, okungashintshwa inani lalo, okungaguquki kunenani elingaguquki futhi ngeke kushintshwe lapho sekwabelwe. Ama-Constant asetshenziselwa ukumelela amanani aziwa kusukela ngaphambili futhi okungafanele ashintshe kumongo wohlelo. .

Ngolimi lokuhlela, constants Bachazwa kusetshenziswa isimemezelo esikhethekile. Ngokuvamile banikezwa igama elinengqondo futhi banikezwe inani lokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngokungafani nama-variables, ama-constants awakwazi ukuguqulwa.Uma uzama ukwenza kanjalo, iphutha lokuhlanganisa noma lokwenza lizokwenziwa kuye ngolimi lohlelo olusetshenzisiwe.

Ngoba chaza okungaguquki Ezilwimini eziningi zokuhlela, igama elingukhiye eligodliwe elithi "const" lisetshenziswa lilandelwa igama lokuhlala njalo kanye nenani lalo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye ⁢izilimi ⁢zinezindlela ezihlukile zokusho okungaguquki. Isibonelo, ku-C no-C ++, igama elingukhiye elithi "const" lisetshenziswa, kuyilapho i-Python isebenzisa isimiso sokubhala igama legama elihlala njalo ku-uppercase ukukhombisa ukuthi lihlala njalo.

Ukubaluleka kokuchaza okungaguquki ohlelweni

Ama-Constant amanani angashintshi kukho konke ukusebenza kohlelo. Ukuchaza okungaguquki ohlelweni kubalulekile ngezizathu ezimbalwa. Okokuqala nje, isiza ukuthuthukisa ukufundeka kwekhodi. Ukunikeza igama elinengqondo njalo kwenza kube lula ukuqonda injongo yalelo nani. Lokhu kwenza ikhodi icace futhi iqondeke kalula kwabanye abahleli abangase bayifunde esikhathini esizayo.

Esinye isizathu sokuchaza ama-constants ukuthi igwema ukuphindaphinda ⁢ kwamanani omlingo. Amanani omlingo yilezo zinombolo noma izintambo ezivela ngqo kukhodi ngaphandle kwencazelo ecacile yencazelo yazo. Ngokuchaza ukungaguquki ngegama elichazayo, ugwema ukuphinda lelo nani ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zohlelo. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwenza ikhodi igcineke, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ithuba lokwenza amaphutha ngokubhala inani elifanayo izikhathi eziningi.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuchaza okungaguquki kuvumela ukuthi izinguquko zenziwe kalula.‍ Uma noma kunini inani lokuhlala lidinga ukulungiswa, kufanele libuyekezwe endaweni eyodwa kuphela kukhodi, encazelweni yayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi konke ukusetshenziswa kwalokho okungaguquki kubuyekezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Nokho, uma esikhundleni sokuchaza inani elivamile lisetshenziswa ku izingxenye eziningana yekhodi, kungadingeka ukucinga kanye nokuguqula ngayinye yalezo zenzakalo, okwandisa amathuba okuba namaphutha futhi kudinga umzamo owengeziwe kanye nesikhathi sokwenza izinguquko.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-constants ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware

Okungaguquki ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe kuwukuguquguquka okuyinani elingakwazi ukushintsha uma sekuchaziwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani layo lihlala linjalo ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kohlelo. Ukuchaza okungaguquki kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ekuhleleni njengoba kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezibalulekile.

Inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa ama-constants ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe ukuthi ahlinzeka ngokufundeka nokugcinwa kwekhodi. Ngokusebenzisa ama-constants esikhundleni samanani angokoqobo (njengezinombolo noma iyunithi yezinhlamvu), kuba lula ukuqonda inhloso nencazelo yezinto eziguquguqukayo ohlelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba nendawo eyodwa yokuguqula inani lokungaguquki kwenza kube lula ukwenza izinguquko kukhodi ngaphandle kokusesha kanye⁢ nokuguqula izimo eziningi zevelu efanayo.

Enye inzuzo yokusebenzisa ama-constants ukuthi kusiza ukugwema amaphutha kukhodi. Ngokuchaza amanani angaguquki kanye futhi uwasebenzise kabusha ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zohlelo, unciphisa ithuba lokwenza amaphutha okuthayipha noma okunengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-constants angasetshenziswa kuzinkulumo noma izimo zezibalo, okusiza ukuqinisekisa ukwenziwa kahle kohlelo.

Okokugcina, ukusetshenziswa kwama-constants ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe kukhuthaza ukungaguquguquki nokumiswa kwekhodi. Ngokuchaza okungaguquguquki ngamagama anengqondo nacacile, wenza ikhodi iqondeke kalula kokubili kumhleli oyibhalile nakwabanye onjiniyela abangase basebenze kuphrojekthi ngokuzayo.Ukwengeza, ngokusungula izimiso zokuqamba Kwama-constants, kwakhiwa izinga. okungalandelwa yiqembu lonke lokuthuthukisa, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanganyela nokugcina ikhodi.

Kafushane, ukusetshenziswa kwama-constants ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware kunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile njengokufundeka kwekhodi nokugcinwa, ukuvimbela amaphutha, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuvumelana kanye nokumiswa. Kuwumkhuba onconywayo wokwenza izinhlelo, njengoba kusiza ekudaleni izinhlelo eziqondakalayo, okulula ukuzinakekela, nezingajwayeleki kakhulu emaphutheni.

Kuchazwa kanjani njalo ezinhlelweni?

Ukuhlelwa okungaguquki⁤ inani elingakwazi ukushintshwa phakathi⁢ kokwenziwa kohlelo.​ Kusetshenziselwa ukugcina ulwazi⁣ olubhekwa ⁤olulungisiwe futhi olungekho ngaphansi koshintsho. Ukuze uchaze okuthi a⁢ okungaguquki, kuyadingeka ukulandela izinyathelo ezithile nokusebenzisa i-syntax efanele yohlelo ⁤ulimi olusetshenziswayo.

En izilimi zokuhlela ezifana no-C, okungaguquki kuchazwa kusetshenziswa igama elingukhiye i-const, kulandelwa uhlobo lwedatha ye- constant kanye negama layo. Isibonelo⁤, ukuze kuchazwe inombolo engaguquki ⁤emele⁤ inani⁤ le-Pi, ⁤umuntu angabhala: const float PI = 3.14159; Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi inani le-PI lizohlala lingu-3.14159 futhi alikwazi ukushintshwa ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kohlelo.

En ezinye izilimi zokuhlela ezifana ne-Java, incazelo yokungaguquki yenziwa kusetshenziswa igama elingukhiye ukuphela. Isibonelo, ukuchaza ukungaguquki okumelela ijubane lokukhanya, umuntu angabhala: okokugcina okuphindwe kabili​LIGHT_SPEED = 299792458; Lokhu okungaguquki akukwazi ukuguqulwa uma kunikezwe inani.

Ukucatshangelwa kokuqamba ngendlela efanele i-constant

Lapho echaza a okungaguquki, kubalulekile ukulandela ukucatshangelwa okuthile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lawa anamagama afanelekile futhi athobela izinqubo ezinconyiwe. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe ukuthi igama le-consulting kumele libe okuchazayo ​ futhi ibonise ⁢inhloso kanye nenani elimele. Lokhu kunikeza ukufundeka okukhulu nokuqonda ikhodi ngabanye abahleli. Ukugwema amagama ajwayelekile noma afihlekile kuzosiza ukwenza ikhodi yakho igcinekeke futhi ibe lula ukuyiqonda esikhathini esizayo.

Okunye okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile wukusebenzisa izinhlamvu ezinkulu ukuqamba ama-constants. Lokhu kusiza ukuwehlukanisa kwezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo nezakhi zekhodi. Ukwengeza, uma ukungaguquguquki kwakhiwe amagama amaningi, kuyanconywa ukuthi kuhlukaniswe kusetshenziswa. igcizelela ukuthuthukisa ukufundeka.⁣ Isibonelo, uma sichaza i-a⁤ constant⁢ ukumela isivinini kokukhanya, igama elifanele lingaba VELOCIDAD_DE_LA_LUZ. Le ngqungquthela yokuqamba amagama yamukelwa kabanzi emphakathini ohlelayo futhi yenza kube lula ukusebenzisa nokuqonda okungaguquki kukhodi.

Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-constants kufanele abe engaguquleki futhi ungashintshi inani laso ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kohlelo. Ukuqinisekisa lokhu, kuyatuswa ukuthi ama-constants amenyezelwe kusetshenziswa igama elingukhiye const ngezilimi ezifana ne-JavaScript noma igama elingukhiye final ⁢ ngezilimi ezifana ne-Java. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lokungaguquki alikwazi ukushintshwa ngephutha noma yikuphi kukhodi. Kafushane, ukuqamba ngendlela efanele okungaguquki kuhilela ukusebenzisa amagama achazayo,⁢ osonhlamvukazi nama-underscore, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukungaguquki kwakho ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bekhodi.

Izincomo zokusetshenziswa okufanele⁢ kwama-constants kukhodi

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1. Khetha igama elichazayo: ⁢Lapho sichaza okungaguquki kukhodi yethu, kubalulekile ukukhetha igama elicacile neliqondakala kalula. Igama ⁣kufanele libonise injongo yokungaguquki futhi ⁤lenze kube lula⁢ ukukhomba kukhodi. Gwema ukusebenzisa amagama ajwayelekile noma izifinyezo ezingase zidale ukudideka. Isibonelo, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa u-"x" njengegama elivamile, kungcono ukusebenzisa okuthi "TAX_RATE" ukuze umelele izinga lentela.

2. Sebenzisa osonhlamvukazi ⁤futhi udwebele: Ukuze uthuthukise ukufundeka kwekhodi, kunconywa ukuthi ⁣ubhale igama lezinhlamvu ezingaguquki ngosonhlamvukazi futhi⁢ uhlukanise amagama⁤ ngokudwebela. Lokhu ⁤kuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise kalula okungaguquki kwezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo⁤ ikhodi⁤ futhi ugqamise ukubaluleka kwazo. Isibonelo, "MAX_VALUE" esikhundleni se-"maxvalue"​ noma ⁣"MaxValue".

3. Ungalishintshi inani lokungaguquki: Uma into engaguquki isichaziwe, inani layo akumele lishintshwe ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kohlelo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ⁤ubuqotho bemiphumela futhi kwenza ikhodi igcinwe kalula. Uma inani lokungaguquki lidinga ukushintshwa, kunconywa ukuthi kuchazwe okungaguquki okusha esikhundleni sokushintsha okukhona. Lokhu kugwema amaphutha okungenzeka futhi kuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwekhodi.

Ngokulandela⁤ lezi ⁢zincomo, singaqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okufanele⁢ kokungashintshi kukhodi yethu. I-Constants isivumela ukuthi simelele amanani angaguquki⁤ futhi aziwayo ngendlela efundeka kakhudlwana negcinekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okulungile kuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwekhodi futhi kwenza kube lula ukuyishintsha esikhathini esizayo. Ngokukhetha amagama achazayo, sisebenzisa indlela efanele yokubhala, futhi singashintshi inani lezinto ezingaguquki, sizozuza ikhodi engaguquki nekhwalithi.

Nini ⁢ukusebenzisa okungaguquki esikhundleni sokuguquguquka?

Ama-constants Ziyizinto ezinhlelweni ezingalishintshi inani lazo uma sezinikiwe. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukusebenzisa okungaguquki esikhundleni sokuguquguquka ngu⁤ lokho Baqinisekisa ukuthi inani layo lihlala lingashintshiwe kulo lonke uhlelo. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho sihlangabezana namanani okudingeka siwasebenzise izikhathi eziningi futhi okungafanele ashintshwe ngephutha.

Isimo esivamile lapho kufanele sisebenzise khona i-constant lapho uchaza amanani angaguquki noma achazwe ngaphambilini lokho akufanele kushintshwe ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kohlelo. Ngokwesibonelo,⁤ uma simisa inani le-PI njengokuthi⁢ ngokungaguquki, ⁤singaqiniseka ukuthi inani layo ⁢ngeke⁤ lishintshwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi⁤ phakathi nokusetshenziswa kohlelo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimeni lapho ukunemba kwezibalo ezithile zezibalo kumele kuqinisekiswe.

Elinye icala lapho Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-constants es lapho sidinga ukuthuthukisa ukufunda nokugcina ukungaguquguquki kukhodi yethu. Ngokusebenzisa ama-constants ukumela amanani aphindwa ⁢ezingxenyeni ezihlukile⁤ zohlelo, ⁢singenza ikhodi yethu ibe lula ukuyiqonda futhi sigweme amaphutha angaba khona. Ukwengeza, uma sidinga ukulungisa inani ngesikhathi esithile, kuzodingeka siguqule inani lalo endaweni eyodwa, esikhundleni sokusesha nokulungisa zonke izimo yenani kukhodi ehlakazekile.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile lapho kuchazwa futhi kusetshenziswa ama-constants

Zikhona ezinhlelweni ezingadala izinkinga ekusebenzeni⁤ kwekhodi yethu. ⁢Kubalulekile ukwazi lawa maphutha ukuze uwagweme futhi uzuze ikhodi esebenza kahle futhi eqinile. Ngezansi amanye amaphutha avame kakhulu lapho kuchazwa futhi kusetshenziswa okungaguquki:

1.⁤ Ukunganikeli inani elifanelekile kokungaguquki: Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu lapho kuchazwa okungaguquki ukungakuniki inani elifanele ngesikhathi sokumenyezelwa kwayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi okungaguquki⁢ kumele kube nenani elingaguquki nelingenakuguqulwa. Uma inani elilungile lingabelwe, lokhu kungabangela amaphutha engqondo kukhodi futhi kwenze kube nzima ukukhomba amaphutha angaba khona.

2. Yabela kabusha⁤ inani kokungashintshi: ⁤ Elinye iphutha elivamile ukuzama ukwabela kabusha inani kokushintshile uma selimenyezelwe. Ama-Constant, ngokwencazelo, awakwazi ukushintsha inani lawo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kohlelo. Ukuzama ukulungisa inani lokungaguquki kuzodala iphutha ⁢ lokuhlanganisa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uma inani linikezwe ngokungaguquki, alishintshi phakathi nohlelo.

3. Ungasebenzisi isihlonzi esichazayo: Lapho sichaza ukungaguquki, kufanele sikunikeze isihlonzi esichazayo esisivumela ukuthi siqonde incazelo nokusebenza kwayo kukhodi. Kodwa-ke, iphutha elivamile ukusebenzisa izihlonzi ezingachazi noma ezijwayelekile kuma-constants ethu. Lokhu kungenza ikhodi ibe nzima ukuyiqonda futhi kwandise ithuba lokwenza amaphutha. Kutuswa ukusebenzisa izihlonzi ezicacile nezicacile, ezigwema amagama ajwayelekile noma adidayo.

Ngamafuphi, kukhona ezinhlelweni okufanele sizigweme. Ukunikeza inani elifanele kokungashintshi kusimemezelo sakho, ukungazami ukunikeza inani kabusha elingaguquki, nokusebenzisa izihlonzi ezichazayo yizinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule. Ngokugwema la maphutha, sizozuza ikhodi ehlanzekile, efundeka kakhudlwana futhi esebenza kahle.

Indima yama-constants ekugcinweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware

Okungaguquki ekuhleleni inani elinikezwe okuguquguqukayo futhi alikwazi ukushintsha phakathi nokuqaliswa kohlelo. Ama-Constant adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcinweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware, njengoba evumela amanani angaguquki ukuthi asungulwe angakwazi ukuguqulwa ezinye izingcezu zekhodi. Lokhu kunikeza ukuzinza nokubikezela ohlelweni, njengoba amanani ezinto ezingaguquki awakwazi ukuguqulwa ngephutha noma ngamabomu ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa isoftware.

Ukuchaza okungaguquki kuyinqubo elula⁢ ezilimini eziningi zokuhlela. Imvamisa, igama elingukhiye elithile lisetshenziselwa ukumemezela inani elingaguquki futhi linikezwe inani lokuqala. Kubalulekile ukulandela izimiso zokuqamba amagama nokusebenzisa amagama achazayo kuma-constants. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuqonda ikhodi nokuyigcina esikhathini eside. Ukwengeza, kuyatuseka ukuchaza ama-constants endaweni emaphakathi ukuze akwazi ukuguqulwa kalula uma kunesidingo, ngaphandle kokulandelela zonke izingcezu zekhodi lapho isetshenziswa khona.

Enye ⁤ubuhle bokusebenzisa ⁤constants kusofthiwe ⁤lokho Basiza ukuthuthukisa ukufundeka kwekhodi nokunciphisa amaphutha. Ngokuba nenani elingaguquki, elaziwayo, ama-constants avumela abathuthukisi ukuthi baqonde ngokushesha ukuthi lelo nani limele ini ngaphandle kokusesha ikhodi yesimemezelo sayo. kanye nencazelo yalo. Lokhu kugwema ukudideka futhi kwenza ukugcinwa kwesofthiwe nezibuyekezo kube lula, njengoba noma yiluphi ushintsho enanini lokuhlala njalo ludinga ukwenziwa endaweni eyodwa kuphela.