Ungayithola kanjani izabelo kumasheya?
Emhlabeni Lapho utshala imali esitokweni, okunye okulindelwe kakhulu ukuthola izabelo. Kubanikazi bamasheya, ukuqoqwa kwezabelo kumela indlela yokuthola imbuyiselo eyengeziwe ekutshalweni kwabo. Nokho, kubalulekile ukwazi inqubo nezimfuneko ezidingekayo ukuze ukwazi ukuqoqa izinzuzo zesitoko ngendlela ephumelelayo nangesikhathi. Kulesi sihloko, sizobhekana nezindlela ezahlukene kanye nokucatshangelwa okufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kuqoqwa izabelo zamasheya.
Inqubo yokuqoqa izabelo
Inqubo yokuqoqa izinzuzo zesitoko ngokuvamile iqukethe uchungechunge lwezinyathelo abanikazi bamasheya okufanele bazilandele ukuze bathole izinkokhelo ezihambisanayo. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthi umtshali-zimali abhaliswe njengomnikazi wamasheya ngosuku lokuvalwa olusungulwe inkampani ekhiphayo. amasheya. Lolu suku lunqunywa inkampani futhi ngokuvamile lungaphambi kosuku lokukhokha lwesabelomali. Uma imfuneko yokubhalisa isifinyelelwe, umninimasheya uzothola inkokhelo ngokuqondile ku-akhawunti yakhe noma angakhetha ukuthola isheke langempela.
Izindlela zokukhokha
Kunezindlela ezihlukene zokuqoqa izabelo zesitoko, futhi ukukhetha kuncike kulokho okuthandwa ngumninimasheya. Enye yezinketho ezivame kakhulu idiphozithi eqondile ku- i-akhawunti yasebhange yomnikazi wamasheya. Lolu hlobo lokuqoqa lufanelekile futhi lusebenza kahle, njengoba lugwema isidingo sokuphatha amasheke aphathekayo futhi luvumela ukufinyelela okusheshayo emalini. Enye inketho ukuthola isheke elingokoqobo elithunyelwa ngeposi, nakuba le ndlela ingase ithathe isikhathi eside ukufika futhi ibe nezingcuphe ezithile ezihambisanayo, ngokunokwenzeka kokulahlekelwa.
Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele
Lapho uqoqa izabelo zesitoko, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezithile ezingase zibe nomthelela enqubeni Kubalulekile ukugcina ukuxhumana okubuyekeziwe nenkampani ekhipha amasheya, njengoba noma yiluphi ushintsho kulwazi lokuxhumana noma ku-akhawunti yasebhange kufanele kwaziswe. isikhathi. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukucabangela imithelela yentela, njengoba izinzuzo zingaphansi kwentela emazweni amaningi Ukuthola iseluleko sochwepheshe kungaba usizo olukhulu ekuqondeni nasekuthobeleni ngendlela efanele izibopho zentela.
Sengiphetha, ukuqoqa izabelo kumasheya kuyisici esibalulekile kubatshalizimali nakubanikazi bamasheya. Ukwazi inqubo, izindlela zokuqoqa ezitholakalayo kanye nokucatshangelwa okufanele kucatshangelwe kubalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukuthola izabelo ngendlela efanele futhi ugweme ukuhlehla. Ukuhlala unolwazi nokuba neseluleko esanele izihluthulelo zokwandisa izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali.
1. Ziyini izinzuzo zesitoko futhi zisebenza kanjani?
Izabelo zesitoko Ziyingxenye yenzuzo inkampani eyabela abanikazi bamasheya bayo njengendlela yenkokhelo yokutshala imali kuyo. Lezi zinkokhelo ngokuvamile zenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokuvamile ngekota noma ngonyaka. Izabelo ziyindlela yokuthola imali eyengeziwe eyengeziwe ngaphezu kokwenyuka kwenani lamasheya emakethe.
Ngoba umsebenzi, izinkampani ezenza inzuzo zingase zinqume ukukhokha izabelo kubanikazi bamasheya bazo esikhundleni sokutshala leyo nzuzo ekukhuleni kwebhizinisi. Inani elikhokhwa ngezabelo kubanikazi bamasheya ngamunye lincike enanini lamasheya anawo kanye nenqubomgomo yezabelo zenkampani. Ezinye izinkampani zikhetha ukukhokha izabelo zemali, kanti ezinye zikhokha ngendlela yamasheya engeziwe.
Uma unamasheya yenkampani y quieres ukuqoqa izabeloKubalulekile ukuthi wazi izinsuku okukhokhwa ngazo. Imvamisa, izinkampani zimemezela izinsuku zokukhokha kwezabelo kusenesikhathi. Uma usuku lokukhokha selufikile, uzothola isabelo sakho esilinganiselwe sezinzuzo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinzuzo zingaphansi kwentela, ngakho kufanele ucabangele imithetho yentela esebenzayo.
2. Irekhodi lezinkokhelo zezabelo: yini okudingeka uyazi?
Kulesi sihloko, sizobhekana nezingxenye ezibalulekile zokubhaliswa ezinkokhelweni zembuyiselo yesitoko futhi sinikeze ulwazi olubalulekile odinga ukulazi. Ukubhalisa izinkokhelo zezabelo kuyinqubo eyisisekelo kubatshalizimali abafisa ukuthola izinkokhelo ezivamile zamasheya abo enkampanini. Lapha, sizokunikeza imininingwane oyidingayo ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungaqoqa kanjani izinzuzo zesitoko kanye nokuthi uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ubhalisele ukuzithola.
1. Lithini irekhodi lokukhokhwa kwezabelo? Uma inkampani imemezela izabelo, kubalulekile ukuthi abatshalizimali baqoshwe kahle ezincwadini zenkampani ukuze bathole izinkokhelo ezihambisanayo. Ukubhaliswa ekukhokhweni kwezabelo kusho ukuthi amasheya akho akhonjwe ngokufanelekile futhi abhalisiwe umzuzu lapho kunqunywa khona ilungelo lokuthola izinzuzo. Kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu kubhaliswa ngaphambi kosuku lokunquma. esungulwe yinkampani ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uthola izinkokhelo zezabelo.
2. Ungabhalisa kanjani ukukhokhwa kwezabelo? Isinyathelo sokuqala ukubhalisela inkokhelo inzuzo ukuba ne-akhawunti yesibambiso enkampanini otshala kuyo. Ngale akhawunti, uzokwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokuthenga nokuthengisa isitoko, futhi uthole izinkokhelo zezabelo. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukugcina idatha yakho siqu isesikhathini samanje ohlelweni lwenkampani ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uthola ulwazi nezinkokhelo ngendlela efanele.
3. Kwenzekani uma ungabhaliselanga ukukhokha izabelo? Uma ungabhaliselanga kahle ukukhokhelwa kwezabelo, ungase ungazitholi izinkokhelo ezihambisanayo zamasheya akho. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inkampani ngayinye inezidingo zayo kanye nezinsuku zokugcina zokubhalisa ekukhokhweni kwezabelo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi waziswe futhi uthobele le mibandela, sincoma ukuthi uxhumane no-Thintana no umnyango wesevisi yamakhasimende wenkampani otshala kuyo ukuze uthole izeluleko ezengeziwe kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ubhalise ngendlela efanele ukuze uthole izinzuzo zakho.
3. Izinyathelo zokuqoqa izinzuzo zesitoko ngempumelelo
Uma ungumtshalizimali emakethe ngezenzo, kubalulekile ukwazi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuqoqa izabelo ngempumelelo. Izabelo ziwuhlobo lomvuzo izinkampani eziwunikeza abaninimasheya ngokubamba iqhaza kwabo enhlokodolobha yenkampani. Landela lezi zinyathelo ezilula ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uthola izinzuzo zakho ngesikhathi futhi uthole okuningi ekutshaleni kwakho.
1. Gcina idatha yakho ibuyekeziwe: Ngaphambi kokuqoqa izinzuzo zakho, qiniseka ukuthi imininingwane yakho yomuntu siqu neyokuxhumana isesikhathini samanje ekubhalisweni kwenkampani. Lokhu kubandakanya ikheli lakho, inombolo yocingo, nekheli le-imeyili. Ngale ndlela, inkampani izokwazi ukuxhumana nawe ngokushesha nangempumelelo ukuze ikuthumelele inkokhelo yesabelo.
2. Hlola imibandela yokukhokha: Inkampani ngayinye inohlelo olumisiwe lokukhokha izabelo. Ibalulekile qaphela izinsuku zokugcina ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola izabelo zakho ngesikhathi. Ungathintana nekhasi lenkampani lobudlelwano nabatshalizimali noma uthinte umnyango wezinsizakalo zabanikazi bamasheya ukuze uthole lolu lwazi. Ungakwazi futhi ukubhalisela izaziso ze-imeyili noma zomlayezo wombhalo ukuze uthole izikhumbuzi mayelana nezinsuku zokugcina zokukhokha.
3. Sebenzisa inketho yediphozithi eqondile: a indlela ephumelelayo ukuqoqa izinzuzo zakho kungokuthi depósito directo. Le nketho ikuvumela ukuthi uthole inkokhelo ngokuqondile ku-akhawunti yakho yasebhange ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthola isheke langempela. Ngaphezu kokukongela isikhathi nezindleko ezihambisana namasheke okukhipha imali, idiphozithi eqondile inikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kanye nokunethezeka. Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza inkampani inombolo ye-akhawunti yakho yasebhange kanye nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze wenze le nketho isebenze.
4. Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho ukhetha uhlobo lokuqoqwa lwezinzuzo
Izindlela zokuqoqa izabelo zesitoko
Uma utshala imali kumasheya, enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ukuthi kungenzeka uthole izabelo, okuyinzuzo inkampani eyabela abanikazi bamasheya bayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ufuna ukuqoqa kanjani lezi zinzuzo. Ngezansi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule lapho ukhetha indlela yakho yokukhokha:
Izindlela ezihlukene zokuqoqa izabelo
Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokuqoqa izinzuzo zesitoko, futhi ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Inketho evamile ukuthola izabelo ngokheshi, ezifakwa ngqo ku-akhawunti yokutshala imali. Lolu hlobo lokuqoqwa lunikeza imali esheshayo, evumela umtshali-zimali ukuthi asebenzise izimali njengoba ebona kudingekile. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izilinganiso zentela ezisebenzayo, njengoba izinzuzo zingase zibe ngaphansi kwentela kwamanye amazwe noma izindawo ezithile.
Ngokolunye uhlangothiKungenzeka futhi ukukhetha ukutshalwa kabusha kwezinzuzo. Kulokhu, esikhundleni sokuthola izabelo zemali, zitholwa ngendlela yamasheya engeziwe enkampani. Le nketho ilungele labo abatshalizimali besikhathi eside abafisa ukukhulisa ubunikazi babo enkampanini. Ukutshala kabusha izabelo kungakuvumela ukuthi uqongelele amasheya amaningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungaba nomthelela omuhle enzuzweni yesikhathi eside.
5. Amasu “okukhulisa” inzuzo ngokuthola izinzuzo zesitoko
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Uma usutshale imali ezitokweni futhi ukwazile ukuzenza zikhiqize izinzuzo, kubalulekile ukucabangela amasu athile okwandisa izinzuzo ezitholiwe. Nazi izincomo ezibalulekile:
- Phinda utshale izabelo: Enye yezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokwenza okuningi ngezabelo zesitoko ukuzitshala kabusha ekuthengeni amasheya amaningi enkampani efanayo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule ubunikazi bakho futhi ukhuphule izabelo zakho zesikhathi esizayo.
- Hlukanisa utshalomali lwakho: Ungabeki amaqanda akho wonke kokukodwa ubhasikidi. Kubalulekile ukusabalalisa utshalomali lwakho kuzo zonke izinkampani nemikhakha ehlukene, ukunciphisa ubungozi obuhlotshaniswa nokuntengantenga kwesitoko esisodwa. Ngale ndlela, uma inkampani yehla noma imisa izabelo zayo, ngeke kuthinte kakhulu iholo lakho lonke.
- Hlaziya isilinganiso senkokhelo: Isilinganiso senkokhelo, esaziwa nangokuthi i-dividend distribution coefficient, siyinkomba ebonisa ukuthi yimaphi amaphesenti enzuzo yenkampani abelwe ukukhokha izinzuzo. Kunconywa ukuhlola lesi sici, njengoba isilinganiso esiphezulu kakhulu senkokhelo singase singagcineki enkampanini esikhathini eside, esingasho ukwehla noma ukuqedwa kwezinzuzo esikhathini esizayo.
6. Izintela nemithethonqubo esebenza ekuqoqweni kwezabelo zezabelo
Ukuqoqwa kwezabelo zezabelo kungaphansi kwentela nemithethonqubo ethile okufanele uyicabangele ukuze uqinisekise inqubo esemthethweni nebushelelezi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izabelo zesitoko zingaphansi kwentela engenayo, engahluka ngezwe nemithetho yentela esebenzayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi uzazise ngamanani entela asebenza ezinzuzweni kanye nokubanjwa kwentela noma ukukhululwa okutholakala endaweni yakho.
Ngokungeziwe ezintela, kuyadingeka ukuthobela imithethonqubo esungulwe iziphathimandla zezezimali nezibambiso zezwe osebenza kulo. Le mithethonqubo ifuna ukuvikela abatshalizimali kanye nokuqinisekisa ukubeka izinto ngale kanye nobuqotho be- imakethe yamasheya. Kubalulekile ukwazi nokulandela imithethonqubo ehlobene nokuqoqwa kwezinzuzo, njengezinsuku zokugcina zokulethwa kwamadokhumenti adingekayo kanye nezibopho zokubika ezinkampanini ezilawulayo.
Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwezabelo zezabelo kungase kukhonjelwe ekubanjweni kwentela kwezinye izimo. Iphesenti lokubamba liyahlukahluka ngokomthetho wentela futhi lingase lisebenze ezweni lenkampani ephuma kuyo inkampani ekhipha izabelo, kanye nasezweni lapho umtshali ehlala khona. Lezi zibambeli zivame ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhokhwa kwenzuzo futhi inhloso yazo uwukuqinisekisa ukuthobela izibopho zentela ezihambisanayo.
7. Izincomo zokugcina ukuqapha okwanele kwezinzuzo ezitholiwe
Halala! Utshale esitokweni futhi manje usuthola izinzuzo, umklomelo ngokubamba iqhaza kwakho ekukhuleni kwenkampani. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukulandelela okufanele kwezinzuzo kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uthola okuningi kutshalomali lwakho. Nazi ezinye izincomo zokukusiza ukuthi ugcine ukulawula okusebenzayo kwezinzuzo ezitholiwe:
1. Sebenzisa i-spreadsheet noma isofthiwe yokulandelela ukutshalwa kwezimali: Ukugcina irekhodi elihlelekile lezinzuzo ezitholiwe kubalulekile ukuze ulandelele kahle izinzuzo zakho. Ungakha isipredishithi esilula ku-Excel noma usebenzise isofthiwe ekhethekile yokulandelela ukutshalwa kwezimali. Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka imininingwane efana negama lesitoko, idethi ekhokhwe ngayo i-dividend, inani elitholiwe, kanye nanoma yiziphi izintela ezibanjiwe.
2. Buyekeza ikhalenda yezabelo: Izinkampani eziningi zikhokha izabelo njalo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinsuku ezithile zokukhokha. Ngokubuyekeza uhlelo lwakho lwesabelomali, uzokwazi ukuhlela kangcono izinqumo zakho zezezimali futhi uphathe okulindelekile kumholo wakho. Futhi, qiniseka ukuhlola uma kukhona amadethi esabelo-mali sangaphambilini ngaphambi kokuthenga amasheya, njengoba abanikazi bamasheya berekhodi kuphela ngalolo suku abazofaneleka ukuthola izabelo.
3. Thatha ithuba lokutshala kabusha i-dividend: Ukutshala kabusha izabelo kungaba yisu elihle kakhulu lokukhulisa iphothifoliyo yakho yesitoko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinkampani eziningi zihlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokubuyisela i-dividend reinvestment (DRIPs) ezikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izabelo ezitholwayo ukuze uthenge amasheya amaningi enkampani efanayo, ngokuvamile ngentengo ehlisiwe. Lokhu kukunikeza ithuba lokukhulisa ukuzibandakanya kwakho enkampanini ngaphandle kokutshala imali eningi ephaketheni lakho.
Khumbula, ukulandelela kahle izinzuzo ezitholiwe kubalulekile ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi uthuthukise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho. Ngalezi zincomo, uzokwazi ukugcina ukulawula okusebenzayo futhi ujabulele izinzuzo zezezimali ezinganikezwa yizinzuzo Ungakhohlwa ukuxoxa njalo nomeluleki wezezimali ngaphambi kokutshala imali!
8. Amathiphu okutshala kabusha izinzuzo futhi wandise imali yakho
Ithiphu 1: Hlukanisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho
Okukodwa kwe amathiphu abaluleke kakhulu ukutshala kabusha izabelo futhi wandise imali yakho hlukanisa utshalomali lwakho. Qiniseka ukuthi awuwafaki wonke amaqanda akho kubhasikidi owodwa, njengoba lokhu kungakubeka engozini enkulu. Ngokutshala imali ezitokweni ezivela emikhakheni ehlukene nasezinkampanini, uzobe uvikela imali yakho enkulu ekuweni okungase kube khona emakethe eyodwa. Ukuhlukahluka kukunikeza ukuzinza okukhulu futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uzuze emathubeni ahlukene okukhula.
Ithiphu 2: Isikhathi sasebusika
9. Indlela yokusingatha ukungahambisani noma izinkinga lapho uqoqa izinzuzo zesitoko
Kunezimo lapho ukungqubuzana noma izinkinga ezingase ziphakame lapho kuqoqwa izabelo zamasheya. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezinto ezihlukene, njengezinguquko kunqubomgomo yezabelo zenkampani noma amaphutha ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwenkampani nabaninimasheya bayo. Uma uzithola usesimweni lapho ungakayitholi i-dividend ehambisana namasheya akho, kubalulekile ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uxazulule inkinga ngendlela ephumelelayo nesheshayo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokusingatha lokhu kungqubuzana ukwenza uphenyo olunzulu. Hlola amarekhodi enkampani ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-dividend ikhishiwe nokuthi ufakiwe ohlwini lwabanikazi bamasheya abafanelekile ukuyithola. Kutuswa futhi ukuthi ubuyekeze amarekhodi akho nokuxhumana okuhlobene nezinkokhelo zezabelo. Uma uthola noma yimaphi amaphutha noma ukungqubuzana, ngokushesha xhumana nomnyango wezinsizakalo zabanikazi bamasheya wenkampani ukuze ubazise ngenkinga futhi uthole isixazululo.
Uma ungayitholi impendulo egculisayo enkampanini, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ufune iseluleko sezomthetho noma sezezimali. Uchwepheshe kulo mkhakha angakusiza uqonde amalungelo akho njengomnikazi wamasheya futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zomthetho ukuze uvikele izintshisekelo zakho. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kwezinye izimo ukungahambisani kungase kube ngenxa yezinkinga ezijulile. enkampanini, njengokushoda kwemali noma imikhuba emibi. Kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi kuyafaneleka yini ukuhlala ungumnikazi wamasheya wenkampani noma ucabangele amathuba okuthengisa amasheya akho.
10. Ukuhlelela ikusasa: ingabe kufanele utshale kabusha izabelo noma ukuthole ngokheshi?
Isinqumo se tshala kabusha izabelo noma ukuthole ngokheshi umbuzo ojwayelekile abatshalizimali abaningi abazibuza wona. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inketho ngayinye ineyakho izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukuthi iyiphi indlela efanelana kangcono nemigomo yakho yezezimali kanye nesu lokutshala izimali.
Ukutshalwa kabusha kwezabelo: inketho ekuvumela ukuthi usebenzise inzuzo ehlanganisiwe futhi wandise inani lamasheya kuphothifoliyo yakho. Lokhu kungaba yinzuzo esikhathini eside, njengoba inzuzo yesitoko itshalwa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo, ikhiqize ukukhula okuqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi leli su lingadinga isikhathi eside sokutshala imali futhi lingase lingafaneleki uma udinga. imali engenayo ejwayelekile.
Thola izabelo zemali: Le nketho ilungile uma udinga ukugeleza kwemali okuvamile ukuze ukhokhele izindleko zakho noma uma ufuna ukushintsha iphothifoliyo yakho futhi usebenzise amanye amathuba okutshala imali. Izabelo zemali zikunikeza ukuguquguquka kanye ne-liquidity ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi ngokuthola izabelo zemali, uzolahlekelwa ithuba lokutshala kabusha futhi usebenzise amandla enzalo ehlanganisiwe.
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