Izimpawu zokubhala zibalulekile ukunikeza isakhiwo nencazelo ekubhaleni kwethu. Enye yalezi zimpawu, izikhathi eziningi Okusithwe ngabangane bayo abavamile njengokhefana noma inkathi, kubakaki. Lo mhlahlandlela uzonikezelwa ekuhloleni ukusetshenziswa kwabakaki emibhalweni, kuhlanganisa nezicashuniwe. Abakaki bayindlela ewusizo kakhulu yokunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe, ukucacisa, noma ukubekela eceleni ucezu lombhalo. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okungalungile kungabangela ukudideka noma ngisho nokushintsha ngokuphelele incazelo yalokho ozama ukukuveza. Zitholele imihlahlandlela okufanele uyilandele ukuze usebenzise lolu phawu ngempumelelo futhi ngaleyo ndlela uthuthukise ikhwalithi yemibhalo yakho.
Ukusetshenziswa okulungile kwabakaki emibhalweni evamile
I amabhakede Ziyizimpawu zokubhala ezinokusetshenziswa okuningi nokusetshenziswa ekubhaleni. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile ukwethula ulwazi olwengeziwe noma oluhambisanayo embonweni oyinhloko wombhalo, kodwa futhi asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izibonelo, izincazelo, ukucaciswa noma izingcaphuno. Okuthile okufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, nakuba ukwaziswa okungaphakathi kubakaki kungase kube usizo, ukususwa kwawo akufanele kuguqule ukwakheka kolimi noma incazelo yomusho. Ngokwesibonelo: U-María (osanda kufika evela ohambweni) uzopheka isidlo sakusihlwa. Uma sisusa ulwazi kubakaki, umusho usezoba nengqondo: UMary uzopheka isidlo sakusihlwa.
Ngokuphathelene ne- izingcaphuno, abakaki basetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukufaka unyaka wokushicilelwa kanye nekhasi okwathathwa kulo ulwazi. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kuvame emibhalweni yezemfundo neyesayensi, lapho kubalulekile ukunikeza udumo emibonweni nokutholwe abanye ababhali. Ingcaphuno ibhalwe isho isibongo sombhali, kulandele unyaka wokushicilelwa kanye nekhasi, konke kuhlukaniswe ngamakhoma. Ngokwesibonelo: (González, 1998, p. 56). Le mininingwane isiza abafundi ukuthi bakhombe umthombo futhi bafinyelele kuwo uma befuna ukujula esihlokweni. Kubalulekile ukuzibandakanya izindinganiso zokucaphuna zezemfundo (I-APA, i-MLA, i-Chicago, phakathi kokunye) ukuqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi kanjani futhi nini abakaki ezicashuniwe. Ukwengeza, masikhumbule njalo ukugcina ukungaguquguquki ekusetshenzisweni kwayo. kuwo wonke umbhalo ukuqinisekisa ukucaca kanye nokufana okudingwayo yonke imibhalo yezemfundo.
Izincomo zokusebenzisa abakaki ekubhaleni kwezemfundo
Ekubhaleni kwezemfundo, abakaki basetshenziselwa ukunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe noma ukwethula incazelo emfushane. Lezi zinhlobo zokufaka zingaba idatha eyengeziwe, izincazelo noma izingcaphuno umbhali azibheka njengeziwusizo kodwa lokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, awufuni ukuphazamisa ukuhamba okuyinhloko kombhalo. Nakuba abakaki bengaba usizo kakhulu, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ungawasebenzisi ngokweqile, ngoba uma kungenjalo angenza umbhalo ube nzima kakhulu ukuwufunda. Gwema ukuzisebenzisa ukwethula imibono ebalulekile noma eyisisekelo yempikiswano yakho.
Ukusetshenziswa okulungile kwabakaki ezicashuniwe kuncike kwisitayela sokucaphuna oyisebenzisayo. Isibonelo, ngesitayela se-APA, ukucaphuna kufanele kuvele kanje: (Isibongo, unyaka). Kodwa uma ucaphuna umushwana othile, kufanele ufake nekhasi futhi: (Isibongo, unyaka, ikhasi inombolo yekhasi). Kunoma ikuphi, khumbula ukuthi ulwazi olungaphakathi kubakaki kufanele luhambisane futhi lube mfushane. Nayi eminye imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile yokusebenzisa abakaki:
- Uma usebenzisa abakaki emshweni, ungakhohlwa ukuthi iphuzu lokugcina Ihlala iza ngemva kobakaki.
- Uma okungaphakathi kubakaki kuwumusho ophelele, isitobhi singena kubakaki.
- Sebenzisa abakaki kuphela ngolwazi olungabalulekile ekuqondeni umbhalo.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile nokuthi ungawagwema kanjani uma usebenzisa abakaki
Ungabeki isikhala ngaphambi noma ngemuva Kungelinye lamaphutha ajwayelekile uma usebenzisa abakaki. Lokhu kungadida ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwezingcaphuno. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kufanele kuhlale kunesikhala ngaphambi kobakaki abavulayo, nangemuva kobakaki bokuvala, ikakhulukazi uma kulandelwa omunye umusho. Okunye ukudideka okuvamile ungawavali ama-parenthesis. Qiniseka ukuthi abakaki abavulayo babakaki abahambisanayo abavalayo ukuze ugweme ukwenza leli phutha elilula kodwa elivamile.
- Isibonelo esingalungile: "Kulesi sihloko (engisifunde kamuva nje)..."
- Isibonelo esilungile: "Kulesi sihloko (engisifunde kamuva nje)..."
Elinye iphutha elivamile yileli sebenzisa abakaki abaningi kakhulu phakathi kwabakakiLokhu ngingakwenza yenza umbhalo wakho ube nzima ukuwufunda nokuwuqonda. Kunalokho, zama ukubhala kabusha umusho ukuze ungadingi abakaki abaningi, noma usebenzise okhefana noma amakhonco ukukhombisa ulwazi olwengeziwe noma ukucaciswa. Ekugcineni, qaphela sebenzisa abakaki lapho kungenasidingo. Kwesinye isikhathi ababhali bafaka ulwazi kubakaki olungasebenza kangcono uma lwethulwa njengomusho walo noma luhlanganiswe emushweni oyisihloko sombhalo.
- Isibonelo esingalungile: "Obakaki bangenza (ngezinye izikhathi) (kodwa hhayi njalo) benze umbhalo (njengalona) kube nzima ukuwulandela."
- Isibonelo esilungile: «Obakaki kwesinye isikhathi bangenza umbhalo kube nzima ukuwulandela. Nokho, lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.