Ngingayithulula kanjani i-database ku-Oracle Database Express Edition?

Isingeniso sokuthulula isizindalwazi ku-Oracle Database Express Edition

Uhlelo lwe-Oracle Database Express inguqulo yamahhala, esebenza kahle kakhulu ye-Oracle Database, evumela abathuthukisi nabasebenzisi ukuthi bahlole ukusebenza kwe-Oracle. Umsebenzi ovamile ekuthuthukiseni nasekulondolozeni umjikelezo wempilo yesizindalwazi ukususwa kwayo yonke idatha ekhona kusizindalwazi, eyaziwa nangokuthi. khipha isizindalwazi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze sifeze lo msebenzi ku-Oracle Database Express Edition.

1. Isingeniso se-Oracle Database Express Edition

I-Oracle Database Express Edition (Oracle Database XE) inguqulo yamahhala ye-Oracle Database elungele ukufunda, ukuthuthukisa, nokusebenzisa izicelo zesizindalwazi ezingasindi. Ngenkathi i-Oracle Database khipha ngokuphelele isizindalwazi sakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyahlola noma udinga ukuqala kabusha isizindalwazi sakho kusukela ekuqaleni, kulesi sihloko sizokukhombisa ukuthi kanjani shayela isizindalwazi ku-Oracle Database Express Edition.

Lapho ushayela isizindalwazi ku-Oracle Database XE, kufanele ukukhumbule lokho uzolahlekelwa yiyo yonke idatha ekhona. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unayo a isipele idatha ebalulekile ngaphambi kokuqhubeka. Kunezindlela ezahlukene khipha imininingwane ku-oracle, kodwa okuvame kakhulu ukusebenzisa umyalo TRUNCATE TABLEokuvumela susa yonke idatha kuthebula ngaphandle kokuqeda isakhiwo sayo.

Ukuthulula ngokuphelele isizindalwazi ku-Oracle Database Express Edition, puede seguir los siguientes pasos:
1. Xhuma kusizindalwazi usebenzisa ithuluzi lokuphatha elifana ne-SQL*Plus noma i-SQL Developer.
2. Khomba amathebula ofuna ukuwasusa futhi qiniseka ukuthi unayo isipele yedatha ebalulekile.
3. Qalisa umyalo we-TRUNCATE TABLE kuthebula ngalinye ofuna ukulikhipha.
4. Qinisekisa Ufuna ukususa idatha kuthebula ngalinye.
5. Hlola ukuthi wonke amathebula awanalutho nokuthi isizindalwazi sithululwe ngempumelelo.

2. Kungani kuthululwe isizindalwazi ku-Oracle?

Ngaphambi kokuthi singene sijule ngenqubo yokukhipha isizindalwazi ku-Oracle, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lo msebenzi ungase udingeke. Susa ulwazi oluqukethwe kusizindalwazi kungaba usizo ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, njengesidingo hlanza futhi usebenzise kabusha isizindalwazi ukuthola idatha entsha, i ukususwa kwedatha ebucayi noma nje ngezinjongo zokususa iphutha nokuhlola.

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokususa isizindalwazi ku-Oracle ukusebenzisa umyalo TRUNCATE, esusa yonke imigqa etafuleni ngaphandle kokuthinta ukwakheka kwalo. Nokho i inkinga ivela uma ufuna ukukhipha yonke imininingwane egciniwe, njengoba kungadingeka ukusebenzisa umyalo we-TRUNCATE etafuleni ngalinye ngokwalo, umsebenzi ongase ube yisicefe futhi ube namaphutha. Ngenhlanhla, i-Oracle Database Express Edition inikeza isisombululo esisebenzayo nesilula salesi simo.

Ku-Oracle Database Express Edition, kunethuluzi elibizwa "Ikhasi Lasekhaya Lokugcinwa Kwemininingwane" okwenza kube lula inqubo yokukhipha idatha kusizindalwazi. Leli khasi lasekhaya linikeza a interfaz gráfica intuitiva okukuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yokuphatha ehlukene, okuhlanganisa nokususa yonke idatha kusizindalwazi. Ngokufinyelela leli thuluzi ngokusebenzisa a isiphequluli sewebhu, uzomane ukhethe inketho "Isizindalwazi esingenalutho" futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza. Emasekhondini ambalwa, lonke ulwazi olugcinwe kusizindalwazi luzosuswa, kushiye isizindalwazi esingenalutho silungele ukusetshenziswa futhi.

3. Izinyathelo zokuthulula imininingwane ku-Oracle Database Express Edition

Susa idatha kusizindalwazi ku-Oracle Database Express Edition Kuyinqubo ebalulekile okufanele yenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukulahlekelwa ulwazi olubalulekile. Ngenhlanhla, i-Oracle inikeza izinketho ezimbalwa zokususa isizindalwazi ngokuphephile futhi ngempumelelo. Ngezansi kukhona Izinyathelo eziyisi-3 ezibalulekile ukuze ushayele isizindalwazi ku-Oracle Database Express Edition.

1. Gcina isizindalwazi: Ngaphambi kokukhipha idatha egciniwe, kubalulekile ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yonke idatha ebalulekile. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi uma kwenzeka kuba namaphutha noma izinkinga phakathi nenqubo yokuguquguquka, singakwazi ukubuyisela isizindalwazi esimweni saso sokuqala. Ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, singasebenzisa amathuluzi afana I-expdp (Ukuthunyelwa Kwephampu Yedatha) o RMAN (Recovery Manager), okusivumela ukuthi sakhe izipele eziphelele nezingaguquguquki zesizindalwazi.

2. Khubaza imikhawulo yobuqotho obuyinkomba kanye nezibangeli: Ngaphambi kokususa idatha kusizindalwazi, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhubaza imingcele yobuqotho obuyinkomba kanye nezibangeli ezihlobene. Lokhu kuzogwema ukungqubuzana namaphutha phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha. Singasebenzisa izitatimende SQL ALTER TABLE ukukhubaza okwesikhashana izithiyo zobuqotho nesitatimende KHUBAZA I-TRIGGER ukukhubaza izibangeli.

3. Susa idatha kumathebula: Uma izinyathelo zangaphambilini seziqediwe, singaqhubeka nokususa idatha kumathebula esizindalwazi. Ukwenza lokhu, singasebenzisa isitatimende SUSA ukususa imigqa ethile etafuleni noma esitatimendeni TRUNCATE ukususa yonke idatha etafuleni ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isitatimende se-TRUNCATE sisusa ngokungenakuhlehliswa yonke idatha kuthebula, ngakho kufanele sisetshenziswe ngokuqapha.

Ukulandela lokhu Izinyathelo ezingu-3, singathulula imininingwane ku-Oracle Database Express Edition ngokuphephile futhi ngempumelelo. Khumbula ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, khubaza imikhawulo yobuqotho nezimbangi, futhi ekugcineni ususe idatha kumathebula usebenzisa i-DELETE noma i-TRUNCATE izitatimende, njengoba kufanele. Ngokunjalo, kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwenza izivivinyo endaweni yokuthuthukiswa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo kusizindalwazi sokukhiqiza.

4. Ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ngaphambi kokukhipha idatha egciniwe

Uma sidinga ukuthulula imininingwane ku-Oracle Database Express Edition, kubalulekile ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yayo ukuze sigweme ukulahlekelwa idatha ebalulekile. Ukwenza lesi sipele, kunezinketho ezahlukene esingazicabangela, njengokusebenzisa insiza yokuthekelisa (expdp) noma ukwenza isipele esiphathekayo usebenzisa i-RMAN (Isiphathi Sokubuyisela).

Ithekelisa isizindalwazi nge-expdp

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokwenza isipele isizindalwazi ku-Oracle ukusebenzisa insiza yokuthekelisa (expdp). Leli thuluzi lisivumela ukuthi sikhiqize ifayela eliyisipele ngefomethi kanambambili, equkethe sonke isakhiwo nedatha yesizindalwazi. Ukwenza isipele esigcwele sedathabheyisi, singasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo kulayini womyalo:

«`
expdp umsebenzisi/iphasiwedi DIRECTORY=file_address DUMPFILE=dumpfile.dmp FULL=y
«`

Kulo myalo, kufanele simiselele "umsebenzisi" kanye "nephasiwedi" sifake izifakazelo zomsebenzisi onamalungelo anele okwenza isipele. Ukwengeza, kufanele sicacise indawo yefolda lapho ifayela eliyisipele lizogcinwa khona, esikhundleni se-"file_address" ngendlela ehambisanayo. Kufanele futhi sikhethe igama lefayela eliyisipele, esikhundleni sika-"dumpfile.dmp" ngegama esilifunayo.

Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ebonakalayo nge-RMAN

Enye inketho yokwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ngaphambi kokukhipha isizindalwazi ku-Oracle ukusebenzisa i-RMAN (Isiphathi Sokubuyisela) ukudala isipele ngokomzimba. Ukuze senze lokhu, kufanele sixhume ku-database ngamalungelo omlawuli futhi sikhiphe imiyalo elandelayo:

«`
RMAN> ISIPELE NJENGOBA IKHOPILE IDATHABASE;
RMAN> ISIPELELE INGOBO YOMLANDO KONKE;
«`

Umyalo wokuqala uzothatha isipele sangempela se-database, kanti umyalo wesibili uzogcina wonke amafayela welogi yedatha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le nqubo ingathatha isikhathi, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuyiqhuba ngezikhathi zomsebenzi ophansi ku-database. Uma ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni sekuqediwe, sizoba nekhophi evikelekile yedathabhesi esingakwazi ukuyibuyisela uma kunesidingo.

5. Ukusebenzisa umyalo othi DROP ukususa amathebula nezikimu

Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwenza susa idatha kusizindalwazi ku-Oracle Database Express Edition, enye yazo isebenzisa umyalo othi DROP. Lo myalo uyakuvumela susa womabili amathebula nawo wonke ama-schema. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lapho usebenzisa lo myalo, njengoba uma idatha isisusiwe, ayikwazi ukutholwa. Ngakho-ke, kuhlale kunconywa ukwenza izipele ngaphambi kokwenza lezi zinhlobo zemiyalo.

Ngoba susa itafula Usebenzisa umyalo othi DROP, kufanele ucacise igama lethebula elilandelwa igama elingukhiye elithi DROP kanye nesitatimende se-TABLE. Isibonelo, uma sifuna ukususa ithebula elibizwa ngokuthi "amakhasimende", umyalo uzoba DROP TABLE clientes;. Ukwengeza, uma ithebula linokuncika kwamanye amatafula, kuyadingeka ukuchaza i- i-oda elilungile lokususwa ukugwema amaphutha. Uma ufuna susa sonke isikimu, isitatimende esithi DROP SCHEMA sisetshenziswa silandelwa yigama lohlelo okumele lususwe, isibonelo DROP SCHEMA usuarios;.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwenza umyalo we-DROP kuyadingeka ukuthi ube ne- amalungelo afanelekile kusizindalwazi. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, umsebenzisi ongumlawuli kuphela (SYS) onezimvume ezidingekayo zokusebenzisa lo myalo. Nokho, uma umsebenzisi efuna ukunikeza lezi zimvume komunye umsebenzisi, angasebenzisa isitatimende ISIBONELELO ukunikeza amalungelo adingekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, GRANT DROP ANY TABLE TO usuario;. Kubalulekile ukwenza lezi zenzo ngokucophelela, uqinisekisa ukuthi unekhophi eyanele ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingenakuhlehliswa kusizindalwazi.

6. Ukusebenzisa isitatimende se-TRUNCATE ukususa idatha kumathebula athile

La sentencia TRUNCATE ku-Oracle Database Express Edition iyithuluzi eliwusizo lokususa idatha ngempumelelo kanye nokuhlaziya okusheshayo kwamathebula athile kusizindalwazi. Ngokungafani nomusho SUSA, esusa imigqa etafuleni futhi ibangele izinguquko kuzinkomba nesikhala sethebula, isitatimende se-TRUNCATE sisusa yonke idatha kuthebula futhi sikhulule isikhala esisetshenziswa ithebula, ngaphandle kokuthinta isakhiwo sethebula noma izinkomba.

Ukuze usebenzise isitatimende se-TRUNCATE, vele ucacise igama letafula ofuna ukulihlanza. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi sitatimende sisusa yonke idatha etafuleni ngendlela engenakuhlehliswa, ngakho kuyanconywa yenza isipele yedatha ngaphambi kokuyiqalisa.

Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi isitatimende se-TRUNCATE senza ngokushesha kunesitatimende esithi SUSA, ikakhulukazi uma sisebenza ngamavolumu amakhulu edatha. Ukwengeza, lesi sitatimende singase futhi sisebenze kahle ngokwemibandela yezinsiza zesistimu njengoba singakhiqizi amalogi okwenziwayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi, ngokungafani nesitatimende esithi SUSA, i-TRUNCATE ayizisebenzisi izibangeli ezichazwe kuthebula, futhi ayikuvumeli ukucacisa izimo zokusesha.

7. Ukuhlanza inqolobane yolwazi kanye nezingodo

Sula inqolobane yolwazi kanye namalogi

Lapho usebenza ne-Oracle Database Express Edition, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inqolobane namalogi kungaqongelela idatha engadingekile futhi kuthathe isikhala esibalulekile kusizindalwazi sethu. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlanzwa okuvamile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isizindalwazi sethu sisebenza kahle.

Indlela yokwenza lokho vaciar la memoria caché ku-Oracle isebenzisa umyalo ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH BUFFER_CACHE;. Lo myalo unesibopho sokususa zonke izici ezigcinwe kunqolobane, ezingaba usizo lapho sifuna ukukhulula isikhala noma lapho senza izinguquko ezibalulekile kusizindalwazi sethu ezingase zithinte ukusebenza.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa hlanza izingodo ku-Oracle, singasebenzisa umyalo TRUNCATE TABLE. Lo myalo usivumela ukuthi sisuse wonke amarekhodi etafuleni elithile, sishiye isakhiwo sinjalo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusebenzisa lo myalo kuzosusa yonke idatha ngaphandle kokuthola, ngakho-ke kuhle ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ngaphambi kokwenza lo msebenzi.

8. Izincomo zokuthulula isizindalwazi ngokuphepha nangempumelelo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana izincomo ukuze uqhubeke ukwazi khipha isizindalwazi ngandlela thile ephephile futhi ephumelelayo ku-Oracle Database Express Edition. Nansi imikhuba ehamba phambili:

1. Thatha ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ngaphambi kokukhipha isizindalwazi: Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yisiphi isenzo esihilela ukuxosha isizindalwazi, qiniseka ukuthi uyayenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa idatha ebalulekile uma kwenzeka iphutha phakathi nenqubo.

2. Sebenzisa umyalo we-TRUNCATE: Umyalo we-TRUNCATE uyinketho esebenza kahle kakhulu yokukhipha itafula ku-Oracle Database Express Edition. Ngokungafani ne-SUSA, i-TRUNCATE isusa wonke amarekhodi etafuleni ngokushesha okukhulu ngoba ayilogi imininingwane efayeleni lefayela lokungena. Nokho, khumbula ukuthi awukwazi ukuhlehlisa lesi senzo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucaca mayelana namathebula ofuna ukuwasusa.

3. Khubaza izinkomba kanye nemikhawulo ngaphambi kokukhipha idatha egciniwe: Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuthulula imininingo egciniwe, kuyancomeka ukuthi uvale izinkomba nemikhawulo ehambisana namathebula azothululwa. Lokhu kuzosiza ukwenza inqubo ibe lula futhi igweme izinkinga zobuqotho bedatha. Uma ukuhlanza sekuqediwe, ungavula izinkomba nezingqinamba futhi.

9. Ungasinciphisa kanjani isikhathi sokuphumula ngesikhathi sokuthulula

Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu labo abasebenza ngesizindalwazi yi Isikhathi sokungasebenzi ngesikhathi sokuthulula. Ngenhlanhla, akhona amasu angasetshenziswa ukuze kuncishiswe lesi sikhathi nokuqinisekisa ukuhamba komsebenzi okuphumelelayo.

Isincomo sokuqala ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwesizindalwazi ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokukhipha. Khomba izinto ezidla amandla amaningi isikhala sediski futhi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ubukhulu bawo kungabaluleka. Ukwengeza, ukukhubaza noma ukususa izithiyo zobuqotho ezibhekisela ngesikhathi sokukhukhula kungasheshisa kakhulu inqubo.

Enye indlela esebenzayo ukuhlukanisa isizindalwazi sibe yimisebenzi emincane embalwa esikhundleni sokuthenga okukhulu okukodwa. Lokhu akugcini nje ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula, kodwa futhi kwenza inqubo ibe lula ukuyilandela nokuphatha. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okucindezela idatha kunganciphisa usayizi wefayela lokuthekelisa futhi kusheshise ukudluliswa kwedathabheyisi.

10. Ukuqinisekiswa nokuqinisekiswa kokususwa kwedatha okulungile

Ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha esusiwe: Uma usususile idatha kusizindalwazi sakho se-Oracle Database Express Edition, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukususwa kube yimpumelelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa imiyalo ye-SQL ukuze ubuze ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi idatha esusiwe ayisekho kusizindalwazi. Ungaqalisa umbuzo ukuze ukhethe amarekhodi athile owasusile futhi uqinisekise ukuthi awaveli emiphumeleni. Ungaphinda uqalise umbuzo ojwayelekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi awekho amarekhodi afana nedatha esusiwe. Uma uthola amarekhodi asekhona ngemva kokususwa, kungenzeka ukuthi awasuswanga ngendlela efanele.

Confirmación de la eliminación: Uma usuqinisekise ukuthi idatha isuswe ngendlela efanele, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa lokhu kususwa. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokukhiqiza umbiko noma ilogi enemininingwane ebonisa amarekhodi asusiwe. Lesi siqinisekiso singaba usizo ngezinjongo zocwaningo noma ukwabelana namanye amalungu eqembu. Ukwengeza, ungasebenzisa imiyalo ye-SQL ukuze ukhiqize umbiko obonisa inani eliphelele lamarekhodi asusiwe kanye nosuku nesikhathi ukususwa okwenziwe ngalo.

Ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwedatha ngephutha: Ukuze ugweme ukulahleka kwedatha ebalulekile ngephutha, kunconywa ukwenza izipele ezivamile zesizindalwazi sakho sedatha ye-Oracle Database Express Edition. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle phakathi nenqubo yokususa idatha, ungakwazi ukubuyisela isizindalwazi kusuka kusipele sangaphambilini. Futhi, ngaphambi kokususa noma iyiphi idatha, kubalulekile ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni egciniwe ukuze ube nesipele esengeziwe uma kwenzeka kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesikhathi sokususwa. Ungase futhi ucabange ukusebenzisa izimvume ezifanele nezilawuli zokufinyelela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzisi abagunyaziwe kuphela abangakwazi ukususa idatha kusizindalwazi. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukususwa kwedatha ngephutha noma enonya. Ngalezi zinyathelo zokuphepha, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi ukususwa kwedatha kuyenziwa kahle futhi kuphephile.