I-Redshift ixhumana kanjani ne-R?

Ukushintsha Okubomvu Kuyisevisi enamandla isitoreji sedatha efwini ehlinzekwa yi-Amazon Web Services (AWS). Ngokolunye uhlangothi, R Luwulimi lokuhlela olusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni idatha nokudalwa kwamamodeli ezibalo. Kokubili i-Redshift ne-R zingamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wesayensi yedatha, futhi uma zisetshenziswa ndawonye, ​​zingaletha izixazululo ezinamandla nakakhulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi kanjani xhuma i-Redshift ne-R, kanye nezinzuzo lokhu okungazinikeza ochwepheshe abasebenza ngevolumu enkulu yedatha nokuhlaziya okuthuthukile.

Isinyathelo sokuqala xhuma i-Redshift ne-R wukufaka iphakheji redshiftR, okuwumtapo wezincwadi we-R oklanyelwe ukusebenzisana ne-Redshift. Uma isifakiwe, imitapo yolwazi kufanele ilayishwe ku-R futhi uxhumano lusungulwe nesizindalwazi se-Redshift. Lokhu kuzodinga imininingwane yokuxhumana njengegama leseva, isizindalwazi, igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi. Uma uxhumano selumisiwe, ungaqala ukudlulisa idatha phakathi kwe-Redshift ne-R.

Uma uxhumano selusungulwe, imisebenzi ehlukene ingenziwa ku-Redshift kusuka ku-R. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukulayisha kanye nokukhipha idatha, ukubulawa kwe Imibuzo ye-SQL, ukudala nokuguqula amatafula, nokunye okuningi. Ukwengeza, i-Redshift inikeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezibalo nedatha engasetshenziswa kusukela ku-R ukwenza imisebenzi ethuthuke kakhulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwala mathuluzi amabili kunikeza ochwepheshe besayensi yedatha a indlela ephumelelayo ukusebenza namasethi amakhulu we idatha yamafu usebenzisa amandla ka-R.

Ngokuhlanganisa izici namandla e-Redshift kanye ne-R, ochwepheshe besayensi yedatha bangasebenzisa ngokugcwele amakhono abo nolwazi. I-Redshift inikeza isitoreji esingakala kanye nokusebenza okudingekayo ukuze kuphathwe amavolumu amakhulu edatha, kuyilapho i-R inikeza isethi ecebile yamathuluzi nemitapo yolwazi yokuhlaziywa kwezibalo nokuboniswa kwedatha. Ndawonye, ​​bakha isixazululo esinamandla sokuhlaziya idatha yefu esingasiza amabhizinisi enze izinqumo eziqhutshwa idatha ngendlela esebenza kahle futhi enembe kakhudlwana.

Ngamafuphi, ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-Redshift ne-R kuvumela ochwepheshe besayensi yedatha ukuthi basebenzise ngokugcwele la mathuluzi amabili anamandla. Ngomthamo we-Redshift wesitoreji olinganiselayo kanye nekhono le-R lokumodela nokuhlaziya, abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukuhlaziya idatha enkulu futhi bathole imininingwane ebalulekile yokwenza izinqumo. Uma uchwepheshe wesayensi yedatha esebenza ngamavolumu amakhulu edatha emafini, ukuxhuma i-Redshift no-R kungaba inketho ejabulisa kakhulu ongayicabangela.

1. Ukufakwa nokucushwa kwe-Redshift ne-R

Kungaba inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa uma yenziwe kahle, unenhlanganisela enamandla yokuhlaziya idatha. Okulandelayo, sizochaza izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokusungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-Redshift ne-R, okuzokuvumela ukuthi wenze imibuzo futhi ukhiqize ukubonwa kwedatha. ngempumelelo.

1. Ukufaka i-Redshift: Isinyathelo sokuqala ukufaka nokulungisa i-Amazon Redshift, isevisi yokugcina idatha yamafu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuba ne-akhawunti ye-Amazon Web Services (AWS) futhi ufinyelele iphaneli yokuphatha ye-AWS. Kusuka lapha, isibonelo se-Redshift singadalwa, kukhethwe uhlobo olufanele lwe-node nosayizi wedatha okufanele isingathwe. Uma isibonelo sesidaliwe, kufanele uqaphele imininingwane yokuxhumana, njengegama lomsingathi, imbobo, kanye nemininingwane yokufinyelela.

2. Ukufaka i-R ne-RStudio: Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka i-R ne-RStudio kukhompyutha yendawo. I-R iwulimi lokuhlela olukhethekile ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha nasekuboneni ngeso, kuyilapho i-RStudio iyindawo yokuthuthukisa edidiyelwe (IDE) eyenza kube lula ukubhala nokusebenzisa ikhodi ngesi-R. Womabili amathuluzi awumthombo ovulekile futhi angadawunilodeka mahhala kulawo afanele. amawebhusayithi izikhulu. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinketho ezifanele, njengenkomba yokufaka kanye nanoma yimaphi amaphakheji engeziwe azodingeka kamuva.

3. Ukucushwa koxhumano: Uma i-Redshift, i-R ne-RStudio sezifakiwe, ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo kudingeka kusungulwe. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa imitapo yolwazi ye-R ethile noma amaphakheji avumela ukusebenzisana ne-Redshift. Elinye lamaphakeji aziwa kakhulu yi-“RPostgreSQL”, ehlinzeka ngemisebenzi yokuxhuma kanye nemibuzo yolwazi lwe-PostgreSQL, ehambisana ne-Redshift. Ukuze usebenzise le phakheji, umtapo wolwazi owengeziwe obizwa ngokuthi "psqloDBC" kufanele ufakwe, ovumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-R ne-Redshift ukuthi kusungulwe ngokusebenzisa umshayeli we-ODBC. Imisebenzi engaphakathi kwephakheji ye-RPastgreSQL ingase isetshenziselwe ukubuza nokukhohlisa idatha egcinwe ku-Redshift.

Kafushane, ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-Redshift ne-R kungenzeka ngokufaka nokucushwa okufanele kwazo zombili izinhlelo. Uma uxhumano selumisiwe, ungakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla e-Redshift ekugcineni nokuphatha idatha, futhi usebenzise u-R ukuze uhlaziye futhi ubonise leyo datha ngeso lengqondo. Ngalezi zinyathelo, ukuhamba komsebenzi okusebenzayo nokuvumelana nezimo kunikwe amandla, okukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ngokugcwele amakhono awo womabili amasistimu.

2. Ukuxhumana kwasekuqaleni: sungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-Redshift ne-R

La uxhumano lokuqala phakathi kwe-Redshift ne-R kubalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ukuhlaziya idatha nokubonwa ngempumelelo. Ukusungula lokhu kuxhumana, kuyadingeka ukulandela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezizoqinisekisa ukusebenzisana koketshezi phakathi kwazo zombili izinkundla. Ngezansi izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuthola uxhumano:

1. Faka futhi ulungiselele iklayenti le-Amazon Redshift: Ukuze uqalise, udinga ukufaka iklayenti le-Amazon Redshift endaweni yakho ye-R. Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalelo efanele yokufaka nokumisa ye uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
2. Lungiselela imininingwane yokuxhuma: Uma iklayenti selifakiwe, kubalulekile ukulungisa iziqinisekiso zokuxhuma. Lezi ziqinisekiso zifaka igama lomsingathi we-Redshift, imbobo yokuxhuma, igama lomsebenzisi, nephasiwedi. Le mininingwane iyadingeka ukuze kusungulwe uxhumano oluyimpumelelo phakathi kwe-R ne-Redshift. Qiniseka ukuthi uthola lolu lwazi kumphathi wakho wesizindalwazi noma umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi we-Amazon.
3. Ngenisa imitapo yolwazi bese usungula ukuxhumana: Uma iklayenti selifakiwe futhi nemininingwane isilungisiwe, kuyadingeka ukungenisa imitapo yolwazi ye-R edingekayo ukuze uxhumane ne-Redshift. Lokhu Kungenziwa usebenzisa umsebenzi library() ku-R. Bese, ukuxhumana kufanele kusungulwe kusetshenziswa umsebenzi dbConnect(), ihlinzeka ngemininingwane neminye imininingwane yokuxhumana njengezimpikiswano. Uma uxhumano selusungulwe ngempumelelo, ungaqala ukusebenzisana nesizindalwazi se-Redshift kusuka ku-R.

Kafushane, ukusungula i uxhumano lokuqala phakathi kwe-Redshift ne-R kuyinqubo edinga ukulandela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo, kusukela ekufakeni iklayenti le-Amazon Redshift ukuya ekulungiseni iziqinisekiso zokuxhuma kanye nokungenisa imitapo yolwazi ku-R. Uma uxhumano oluyimpumelelo seluzuziwe, kungenzeka ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwedatha nokubonwa. usebenzisa izici ezinamandla ze-Redshift kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-R.

3. Ngenisa idatha isuka ku-Redshift iye ku-R

1. Ukufakwa kwephakheji: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi unamaphakheji afanelekile afakiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa iphakheji ye-"RPostgreSQL" ukuze uxhumane ne-Redshift kanye ne-"dplyr" yokuphatha idatha. Lawa maphakheji angafakwa kusetshenziswa umsebenzi install.packages() kanye no-r.

2. Isungula uxhumano: Uma amaphakheji efakiwe, ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-Redshift ne-R kufanele kusungulwe. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi lokuxhuma olufana negama lomsebenzisi, iphasiwedi, umsingathi, kanye nembobo. Ukusebenzisa umsebenzi dbConnect() kusuka kuphakheji ye-"RPostgreSQL", ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo ku-Redshift kungasungulwa.

3. Ukungenisa Idatha: Uma uxhumano selusungulwe, ungaqhubeka nokungenisa idatha kusuka ku-Redshift kuya ku-R. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele wenze umbuzo we-SQL usebenzisa umsebenzi. dbGetQuery(). Lo mbuzo ungabandakanya izihlungi, izimo, nokukhethwa kwamakholomu athile. Imiphumela yombuzo ingagcinwa entweni eku-R ukuze ihlaziywe kamuva futhi isetshenziswe kusetshenziswa imisebenzi evela kuphakheji ye-“dplyr”.

4. Ukukhohlisa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha ku-R kusuka ku-Redshift

I-Redshift iyisevisi enamandla yokugcina idatha yamafu evumela izinkampani ukuthi zicubungule futhi zihlaziye imininingwane eminingi endaweni eyodwa. indlela ephumelelayo. Nakuba i-Redshift inikeza amathuluzi ahlukahlukene nemibuzo ye-SQL yokusebenza ngedatha, kuyenzeka futhi ukukhohlisa nokuhlaziya leyo datha kusetshenziswa i-R, ulimi olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwezibalo.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-Redshift ne-R kungafinyelelwa kusetshenziswa iphakheji ye-“RPostgreSQL”. Le phakheji ivumela abasebenzisi be-R ukuthi baxhume kusizindalwazi se-PostgreSQL, okuwubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ku-Redshift. Ukuxhumana kusungulwa ngokusebenzisa a intambo yokuxhuma okuhlanganisa ulwazi olufana negama lomsebenzisi, igama-mfihlo, negama lesizindalwazi. Uma sekuxhunyiwe, abasebenzisi bangakwazi indaba idatha edingekayo ukusuka ku-Redshift ukuya ku-R futhi wenze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokukhohlisa nokuhlaziya.

Uma idatha isingenisiwe ku-R isuka ku-Redshift, abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukusizakala ngazo zonke izici nokusebenza kwe-R ukuze benze ukuhlaziywa kokuhlola, ukumodeliswa kwezibalo, ukubonwa nokunye. I-R inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zamaphakheji namalabhulali asiza le misebenzi, njenge-dplyr yokukhohlisa idatha, i-ggplot2 yokubuka ngeso, kanye ne-tidyverse yokucubungula idatha. Ukwengeza, amandla ekhompuyutha ka-R akuvumela ukuthi wenze izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi usebenzise ama-algorithms athuthukisiwe ukuze uwathole amaphethini afihliwe futhi uthole imininingwane ebalulekile kudatha egcinwe ku-Redshift.

5. Ukuthuthukisa imibuzo ku-Redshift ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza ku-R

La ukuthuthukiswa kombuzo ku-Redshift ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kombuzo ku-R. I-Redshift iyisevisi yokugcina idatha yamafu evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlaziye umthamo omkhulu wedatha ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, uma imibuzo ingalungiselelwe kahle, ingaba nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi ku-R.

Ngezansi kukhona ezinye Amasu okuthuthukisa imibuzo ku-Redshift futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza ku-R:

1. Ukudala izakhiwo zedatha ezithuthukisiwe: Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kombuzo ku-Redshift, kubalulekile ukudizayina isakhiwo sedatha esifanele. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlela idatha kumathebula ngendlela efanele nokusebenzisa okhiye bokuhlunga nokusabalalisa ngendlela enengqondo. Ukwengeza, kuyatuseka ukugcina izibalo zakamuva ukuze isilungisisi semibuzo sikwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinembe kakhudlwana.

2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuhlukanisa: Ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha kuyindlela eyinhloko yokusheshisa imibuzo ku-Redshift. Kunconywa ukuhlukanisa amasethi edatha amakhulu abe izingxenye ezincane bese uwasabalalisa kuqoqo le-Redshift. Lokhu kuvumela imibuzo ukuthi icubungule kuphela izahluko ezifanele, kwehlise isikhathi sokwenza umbuzo.

3. Ukusebenzisa imibuzo yokuhlaziya: I-Redshift ithuthukiselwe imibuzo yokuhlaziya esikhundleni semibuzo yokwenzekayo. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukusebenzisa imisebenzi yokuhlaziya ye-Redshift kanye nama-opharetha ukwenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokukhohlisa kwedatha. Le misebenzi yakhelwe ukucubungula imiqulu emikhulu yedatha ngempumelelo futhi ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kombuzo ku-R.

6. Ukusebenzisa ukusebenza kwe-Redshift ku-R ukuze uthole izibalo ezithuthukile

Ukusebenza kwe I-Redshift ku-R iyithuluzi elithuthukisiwe elivumela abahlaziyi ukuthi basebenzise ngokugcwele amakhono azo zombili izinhlelo ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze uxhume i-Redshift ne-R, umsebenzi we-“dbConnect” wephakheji elithi “RPostgreSQL” uyasetshenziswa, okuvumela ukusungula ukuxhumana okuqondile kusizindalwazi. Uma uxhumano selumisiwe, abasebenzisi banokufinyelela kuwo wonke amathebula e-Redshift nokubukwa, okwenza kube lula ukuhlaziya amasethi amakhulu wedatha agcinwe emafini.

La Ukusebenzisa i-Redshift ku-R inikeza abahlaziyi ngezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi yokuhlaziya okuthuthukile. Ngokukwazi ukusebenzisa imibuzo ye-SQL ngokuqondile ku-R, imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi efana nokuhlunga, ukuqoqa, nokuhlanganisa idatha ingenziwa. ngesikhathi sangempela. Ukwengeza, iphakheji ye-"redshiftTools" inikezela ngezici ezithile ezithile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, njengokuphathwa kokwenziwe kanye nokuhlukaniswa kombuzo ube amaqoqo.

I-Redshift iphinde ihambisane kakhulu namaphakheji e-R adumile, okusho ukuthi abasebenzisi bangathatha ithuba lakho konke ukusebenza kwe-R ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuthuthukisiwe idatha yakho ngo-Redshift. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amaphakheji okubona ngeso, njengokuthi “ggplot2” kanye “neplotly,” kanye namaphakheji wokumodela ezibalo, njengokuthi “lm” kanye “glm.” Ukuhlanganisa amandla e-Redshift kanye nokuvumelana nezimo kwe-R kwenza abahlaziyi benze ukuhlaziya okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokubonwa kwedatha okunomthelela ngempumelelo nangempumelelo.

7. Amathuluzi anconyiwe nemitapo yolwazi ukuze kusebenze ne-Redshift ku-R

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene amathuluzi anconyiwe nemitapo yolwazi ukusebenza ne-Redshift ku-R, esiza ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha. Ngezansi ezinye zezinketho ezisetshenziswa kakhulu umphakathi wonjiniyela:

1. I-RAmazonRedshift: Lona umtapo wezincwadi we-R okuvumela ukuthi uxhumeke kuwo isizindalwazi I-Redshift, yenza imibuzo ye-SQL futhi ulawule imiphumela etholiwe. Leli thuluzi linikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esinobungane sokuphatha idatha egcinwe ku-Redshift kusuka endaweni yokuhlela ye-R.

2. i-dplyr: Lo mtapo wezincwadi usetshenziswa kakhulu ku-R ukwenza imisebenzi yokukhohlisa nokuguqula idatha. Nge-dplyr, kungenzeka ukuxhuma kusizindalwazi se-Redshift usebenzisa iphakheji ye-DBI futhi uqhube imibuzo ye-SQL ngokuqondile ukusuka ku-R. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuhlaziya imiqulu emikhulu yedatha egcinwe ku-Redshift futhi uqhubeke uyicubungule.

3. RPostgreSQL: Yize lo mtapo wezincwadi uklanyelwe kakhulu ukuthi uxhume kusizindalwazi se-PostgreSQL, futhi ikuvumela ukuthi usungule ukuxhumana ne-Redshift. I-RPastgreSQL inketho evumelekile uma udinga ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokulawula ukuxhuma nokusebenzisa imibuzo ku-Redshift. Ngalo mtapo wolwazi, kungenzeka ukwenza yonke into kusukela kumibuzo elula ye-SQL kuye emisebenzini eyinkimbinkimbi yokuphatha imininingwane egciniwe ku-Redshift.

Lezi ezinye nje ze amathuluzi anconyiwe nemitapo yolwazi ukusebenza ne-Redshift ku-R. Ngayinye yazo inikeza ukusebenza okuhlukile kanye nezinzuzo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi iyiphi evumelana kangcono nezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi ngayinye. Ngenhlanganisela efanele yalawa mathuluzi, kungenzeka ukwenza ukuhlaziya idatha ngempumelelo futhi uthole imininingwane ebalulekile kudatha egcinwe ku-Redshift.