Ungayenza kanjani imidlalo nge-Scratch?

Isingeniso se-Scratch: ulimi lokuhlela olubonakalayo ukudala imidlalo

I-Scratch iwulimi lokuhlela olubonakalayo olwakhiwe yi-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ngenhloso yokufundisa izingane kanye nentsha izisekelo zokuhlela ngendlela ejabulisayo nefinyelelekayo. Ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo esibonakalayo kanye nesistimu yokuvimba ikhodi, abasebenzisi bangakwazi Yenza imibono yakho iphile futhi udale eyakho imidlalo nokugqwayiza. Kulesi sihloko, sizokukhombisa indlela yokwenza imidlalo nge-Scratch, kusukela kokuyisisekelo ukuya ekusebenziseni izici ezithuthuke kakhulu. Qala ukuhlela futhi ujabule ngokuthuthukisa imidlalo yakho ku-Scratch!

1. Dizayina umdlalo wakho nge-Scratch usebenzisa amabhulokhi ekhodi

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuhlela, kufanele chaza umqondo nezinsimbi zomdlalo wakho. Ingabe kuzoba umdlalo wenkundla, iphazili noma ukuzidela okusebenzisanayo? Uma usucacelwe ngomqondo, ungasebenzisa amabhulokhi ekhodi atholakala ku-Scratch to klama futhi wakhe imisebenzi ehlukene yomdlalo wakho. Kusukela kuzinhlamvu ezihambayo nokudala ukusebenzisana, ukuya ekuphatheni izikolo namaleveli, amabhlogo we-Scratch akuvumela yenza ngendlela oyifisayo futhi ulawule yonke ingxenye yendalo yakho.

2. Engeza ihluzo nemisindo ukuthuthukisa umuzwa wegeyimu

Umdlalo omuhle awusekelwe kuphela kungqondongqondo nasekuhleleni, kodwa futhi nasekuzizwiseni okubonakalayo nokuzwayo okunikeza umdlali. Nge-Scratch, ungakwazi ukwenza umdlalo wakho uphile ngokungeza ihluzo nemisindo ukukhiqiza umuzwa okhangayo futhi ogxile kakhulu. Kusukela ekudaleni abalingiswa ngokwezifiso nezizinda, ukuhlanganisa imithelela yomsindo nomculo, onawo unenhlobonhlobo yemithombo yezithombe nemisindo ukuze yenza umdlalo wakho ugqame futhi lizehlukanise kwabanye.

3. Hlola futhi ulungise iphutha igeyimu yakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isebenza ngendlela efanele

Uma usuwuklamile futhi wawenza ngendlela oyifisayo umdlalo wakho, ubalulekile ihlole futhi uyilungise ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi isebenza kahle. I-Scratch ihlanganisa inketho yoku ukubulawa ngesikhathi sangempelaokukuvumela Hlola igeyimu yakho njengoba uwakha futhi wenze noma yiziphi izilungiso ezidingekayo uma kukhona amaphutha noma ukungasebenzi kahle. Ukwengeza, ungasebenzisa impendulo evela abanye abasebenzisi futhi uthole usizo emphakathini we-Scratch ukuze thuthukisa futhi upholise umdlalo wakho ngaphambi kokuyethula emphakathini.

Isiphetho

I-Scratch ikunikeza ithuba lokuba umthuthukisi wegeyimu ngaphandle kokudinga ulwazi lokuhlela oluthuthukisiwe.. Indlela yayo yokubuka kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo esinobungane kuyenza ibe ithuluzi elikahle lokuqalisa emhlabeni wezinhlelo nokudalwa kwemidlalo. Ngokulandela izinyathelo namathiphu okukhulunywe ngawo kulesi sihloko, uzoba maduze ukudala imidlalo yakho ku-Scratch futhi wabelane ngazo nabanye abathanda izinhlelo. Ungabe usalinda, qala ukuhlela futhi ujabule ngokuthuthukisa indalo yakho!

- Isingeniso se-Scratch kanye namathuba ayo okuthuthukiswa komdlalo

I-Scratch iwulimi lokuhlela olubonakalayo olwakhiwe yi-MIT olunikeza abasaqalayo ithuba lokuzakhela eyabo imidlalo nokugqwayiza ngendlela elula nejabulisayo. Ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esinembile, esiklanyelwe ikakhulukazi izingane nentsha, iScratch ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlele ngokuhlanganisa amabhlogo wekhodi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi asikho isipiliyoni sokuhlela sangaphambili esidingekayo ukuze uqale ukusisebenzisa.

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zeScratch ekuthuthukisweni kwegeyimu ububanzi bayo bamathuba okudala. Nge-Scratch, abasebenzisi bangakha izinhlamvu zangokwezifiso, izigcawu, nezizinda, futhi bengeze imisindo nemiphumela ekhethekile. Ukwengeza, bangakwazi ukuhlela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabalingisi futhi basungule imithetho nemibandela yegeyimu, okuvumela ukudalwa kwamageyimu ayinkimbinkimbi najabulisayo.

Esinye isici esiphawulekayo se-Scratch umphakathi waku-inthanethi. Kuwebhusayithi ye-Scratch, abasebenzisi bangabelana ngamaphrojekthi abo, bathole impendulo, futhi bahlanganyele nabanye abahleli bohlelo. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba lokufunda kwabanye futhi uthole ugqozi lwemidlalo emisha. Ukwengeza, umphakathi we-Scratch usingatha imiqhudelwano nezinselelo ezivamile, okukhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bathuthuke bathuthukise amakhono abo okuhlela futhi bathuthukise imidlalo yabo. Ngamafuphi, i-Scratch iyithuluzi elinamandla nelisebenza ngezindlela eziningi elingavumeli kuphela abasebenzisi ukuthi bazenzele imidlalo yabo, kodwa futhi bafunde ngokuhlela futhi babe ingxenye yomphakathi osebenzayo nonobuciko.

- Ukumiswa kanye nokulungiselela izinhlelo ku-Scratch

Ukucushwa kwemvelo yokuhlela: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlela ku-Scratch, kubalulekile ukulungisa indawo yokuthuthukisa ukuze uthuthukise inqubo. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi unesofthiwe ye-Scratch efakwe kukhompyutha yakho. Ungayilanda mahhala ku- iwebhusayithi isikhulu. Uma isifakiwe, kuyatuseka ukuthi uhlole amathuluzi ahlukene nezinketho ezitholakala kusixhumi esibonakalayo ukuze uzijwayeze ngazo. Ukwengeza, ukuze uqinisekise ukuhamba komsebenzi okusebenzayo, ungenza ngokwezifiso izilungiselelo ze-Scratch ngokuvumelana nezintandokazi zakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulungisa ulimi, izinqamuleli zekhibhodi, nezinketho zokulondoloza ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ukulungiselela izinsiza: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlela umdlalo ku-Scratch, kuyasiza ukucaca mayelana nemibono futhi wazi ukuthi yiziphi izinsiza ozozidinga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cwaninga futhi uzijwayeze namabhulokhi ezinhlelo ahlukene atholakala ku-Scratch. Lawa mabhulokhi azokuvumela ukuthi wenze izenzo ezinjengokuhambisa abalingisi, ukushintsha ukubukeka kwabo, ukudala ukusebenzelana, nokulawula ukugeleza kwegeyimu. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukulungisa izinsiza zengcaca ezidingekayo zegeyimu yakho, njengama-sprites nezizinda. Ungakwazi ukuzidala ngokwakho usebenzisa i- amathuluzi okudweba kusuka ku-Scratch noma uzilande kulabhulali yezinsiza eziku-inthanethi.

Ukuhlela umdlalo: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukubhala ikhodi yomdlalo wakho ku-Scratch, kuyancomeka ukuthi uhlele kusengaphambili. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuchaza inhloso yomdlalo, imithetho, amazinga kanye nezinsimbi zomdlalo. Ungakha uhlaka noma i-flowchart ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo futhi uhlele imibono yakho. Ukwengeza, kuyasiza ukukhomba okuguquguqukayo nemicimbi ozodinga ukuyisebenzisa kugeyimu yakho. Uma usunombono ocacile wokuthi ufuna umdlalo wakho ube njani, ungaqala ukuwenza. Igxathu emvakwe gxathu ku-Scratch. Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlela kahle kuzokusiza ukuthi wonge isikhathi futhi ugweme amaphutha ohlelweni lokuhlela.

- Idizayini yohlamvu nesimo se-Scratch

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizokukhombisa ukuthi ungayakha kanjani imidlalo ku-Scratch usebenzisa umlingiswa kanye nomklamo wesimo. I-Scratch iyinkundla yokuhlela ebonakalayo evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bazenzele eyabo imidlalo, izindaba kanye nokugqwayiza ngendlela enembile nejabulisayo. Ngokuklama umlingiswa nesimo, uzokwazi ukwenza okudaliwe kwakho kuphile futhi udale okuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzisanayo kwabadlali.

Umklamo wabalingiswa: Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlamvu ku-Scratch kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokudala imidlalo ehehayo nejabulisayo. Ungazakhela abalingiswa bakho usebenzisa isici esithi "penda imvunulo entsha" kusihleli semvunulo ye-Scratch. Lapha ungakwazi ukudweba izingxenye ezihlukene zomzimba womlingiswa, njengekhanda, umzimba, imilenze nezingalo, bese uziphilisa usebenzisa inketho ethi "shintsha imvunulo" kumabhulokhi wohlelo. Khumbula ukwenza ubuciko ekwakhiweni kwabalingiswa bakho futhi uzame ngemibala ehlukene, izimo nemininingwane ukuze ubenze bahluke futhi bahehe.

Umklamo wesimo: Izilungiselelo ziyisizinda semidlalo yakho futhi zingabaluleka njengabalingisi ngokwabo. Ukuze udizayine amasethi ku-Scratch, ungasebenzisa umsebenzi othi "penda ingemuva elisha" kusihleli semvunulo. Lapha ungakha izindawo, amagumbi nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwendawo oyifunayo kugeyimu yakho. Ukwengeza, ungasebenzisa izendlalelo nezinto ezahlukene ukuze ungeze ukujula nemininingwane kuzimo zakho. Khumbula ukucabangela indaba nesitayela sokubukwayo somdlalo wakho lapho uklama izilungiselelo, njengoba lokhu kuzosiza ukudala ukuzizwisa okuhlangene nokubandakanyayo kwabadlali.

Amathiphu namaqhinga: Nazi ezinye amathiphu namaqhinga ukuthuthukisa umlingiswa wakho kanye nesakhiwo sesimo ku-Scratch:
- Linga ngezitayela ezahlukene zokudweba nezindlela zokufaka imibala ukuze wenze abalingiswa bakho bahluke futhi bakhumbuleke.
- Sebenzisa izinto nemiphumela ebonakalayo ukwengeza ukusebenzisana kanye nesasasa ezimeni zakho.
- Zama ukuxoxa indaba usebenzisa abalingisi bakho nezilungiselelo, lokhu kuzokwenza umdlalo wakho ukhange nakakhulu futhi uhehe abadlali.
- Ungesabi ukubheka ugqozi kweminye imidlalo, amamuvi noma izincwadi ukuze uthuthukise umlingiswa wakho nokwakheka kwesilungiselelo. Umhlaba ugcwele imibono yokudala elinde ukutholwa!

Manje njengoba usuzazi izisekelo zomlingiswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwesiteji ku-Scratch, sekuyisikhathi sokungcola kwezandla zakho! emsebenzini futhi udale owakho umdlalo! Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlela ku-Scratch kuyajabulisa futhi kuyafundisa, ngakho-ke ungangabazi ukuhlola yonke imisebenzi namathuba ale nkundla ekunikezayo. Inhlanhla futhi ujabulele ukudala imidlalo emangalisayo ku-Scratch!

- Ukunyakaza kokuhlela nezenzo emidlalweni yeScratch

Ukunyakaza kokuhlela nezenzo emidlalweni Ukuklwebha kubalulekile ukuze udale ukuzizwisa okusebenzisanayo nokujabulisayo. Kulesi sigaba, sizochaza ukuthi ungakufeza kanjani lokhu kalula nangempumelelo.

1. Ukwazi amabhlogo wokunyakaza: I-Scratch inikezela ngezinhlobonhlobo zamabhulokhi akuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukunyakaza kwabalingisi nezinto kumageyimu akho. Amanye amabhulokhi asetshenziswa kakhulu athi “advance,” “turn,” “linda,” kanye “touch edge.” Ungadonsela lawa mabhulokhi endaweni yeskripthi futhi uwahlanganise ngezindlela ezihlukene ukuze udale ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, ungenza uhlamvu lusuke kwelinye iphuzu luye kwelinye usebenzisa ibhulokhi ethi "advance" elandelwa yibhulokhi "jika".

2. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso izenzo: Ngokungeziwe ekulawuleni ukunyakaza okuyisisekelo, ungaphinda uhlele izenzo ezikhethekile kumageyimu akho e-Scratch. Isibonelo, ungaba nokugxuma komlingiswa, ukudubula, noma ushintshe imvunulo. Ukufeza lokhu, ungasebenzisa amabhulokhi afana nokuthi "uma ukhiye ucindezelwa" noma "uma le sprite ichofozwa." Lawa mabhulokhi akuvumela ukuthi uchaze izimo ezizobangela isenzo esithile. Isibonelo, ungenza ukweqa uhlamvu lapho umdlali ecindezela inkinobho yesikhala.

3. Ukusebenzisa amaluphu nezimo: Imidlalo yokuklwebha ingenziwa ihehe ngokwengeziwe ngokusebenzisa izihibe nezimo ekunyakazeni kwezinhlelo nezenzo. Isibonelo, ungenza uhlamvu lunyakaze ngephethini ephindayo usebenzisa iluphu "phinda". Ungasebenzisa futhi izimo ukuze ulawule izenzo ezisuselwe kusimo segeyimu. Isibonelo, ungenza umlingiswa alahlekelwe ukuphila uma eshayisana nesitha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa amabhulokhi anemibandela njengokuthi "uma" kanye "nokunye."

Ngalezi zeluleko, usulungele ukuqalisa ukunyakaza kokuhlela nezenzo kumageyimu akho e-Scratch. Khumbula ukuzama futhi udlale ngezinhlanganisela ezahlukene zamabhulokhi ukuze udale umuzwa oyingqayizivele. Zithokozise ngenkathi ufunda futhi ujabulele umlingo wokuhlela!

- Ukusetshenziswa kwezimo nezihibe ezinhlelweni zomdlalo ngeScratch

Imibandela namaluphu yimibono emibili eyisisekelo ohlelweni lwegeyimu nge-Scratch. Imibandela ikuvumela ukuthi wenze izenzo noma wenze izinqumo ngokusekelwe ekutheni umbandela othile uyahlangatshezwa yini. Ku-Scratch, izimo zisetshenziswa kusetshenziswa isakhiwo uma kungenjalo, lapho isimo sihlolwa futhi, uma kuyiqiniso, kusetshenziswa ibhulokhi yekhodi; Uma kungenjalo, enye ibhulokhi yekhodi ecaciswe ne- okunye. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi udale izimo lapho, ngokwesibonelo, uma umdlali efinyelela amaphuzu athile, aboniswa umlayezo wokunqoba, ngaphandle kwalokho akhonjiswa umlayezo wokuhlulwa.

Izihibe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyizakhiwo ezivumela ibhulokhi yekhodi ukuthi iphindwe izikhathi eziningana kuze kube yilapho kuhlangatshezwana nesimo esithile. Ku-Scratch, iluphu evame kakhulu yi- phinda, lokho kusetshenziswa ukuphinda ibhulokhi yekhodi inombolo ethile yezikhathi. Isibonelo, uma ubufuna ukudala igeyimu lapho umdlali kufanele ehlule umphathi wokugcina futhi anikezwe amathuba amathathu, ungasebenzisa iluphu. phinda ukusebenzisa ikhodi yokulwa izikhathi ezintathu.

Inhlanganisela yezimo nezihibe iwusizo kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwegeyimu, njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi udale ukuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuguquguqukayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ungasebenzisa iluphu phinda ukudala ukugqwayiza komlingiswa osuka kwesokunxele aye kwesokudla esikrinini, kanye nemibandela if ukuthola lapho umlingisi efinyelela imikhawulo ethile futhi ashintshe indlela ahamba ngayo. Amaluphu kanye nemibandela kungase futhi kusetshenziselwe ukusebenzisa izinsimbi zegeyimu ezifana nokutholwa kokushayisana, ukuphathwa kwezinga, noma ukulawula. ubuhlakani bokwenziwa wezitha. Ngamafuphi, izimo nezihibe zingamathuluzi abalulekile okunikeza impilo nokusebenza kumageyimu adalwe nge-Scratch. Isibindi ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwayo futhi udale ezamehlela yakho interactive!

- Ukuqaliswa kwemisindo ekhangayo nemiphumela ebonakalayo ku-Scratch

Njengoba ungena emhlabeni wezinhlelo, uzothola lokho kwengeza imisindo ekhangayo nezithombe ngingakwenza yenza imidlalo yakho ye-Scratch ihehe futhi ijabulise. Ngenhlanhla, ukusebenzisa lezi zakhi ku-Scratch kulula kakhulu. Ngobuciko obuncane nolwazi oluthile lobuchwepheshe oluyisisekelo, uzobe usendleleni eya ekudaleni imidlalo emangalisayo.

1. Imisindo: Ukuze uthuthukise imidlalo yakho ku-Scratch, ungangeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisindo. Ungangeza imiphumela yomsindo ezenzakalweni ezithile, njengalapho umlingisi oyinhloko egxuma noma lapho into iqoqwa. Ungakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa umculo ongemuva ukuze usethe isimo segeyimu yakho. Ukwenza lokhu, ungasebenzisa amabhlogo womsindo weScratch njengokuthi "dlala umsindo" noma "dlala isigubhu." Ngaphezu kwalokho, iScratch ikuvumela ukuthi ungenise imisindo yakho noma urekhode emisha kusuka kuhlelo. Lokhu kukunikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle uma wenza ngendlela oyifisayo umsindo wegeyimu yakho.

2. Imiphumela ebonakalayo: Ngaphezu kwemisindo, Imiphumela ebonakalayo nayo ingukhiye ekwenzeni imidlalo yakho ye-Scratch ihehe kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa amabhlogo wezithombe ukuze uphilise izinhlamvu, udale imiphumela ekhethekile nezinto ezihambayo. Ungaphinda uguqule ingemuva noma usebenzise imvunulo ukuze ungeze okuhlukahlukene futhi ulethe abalingisi bakho baphile. Linga ngamabhulokhi ahlukene ukuze udale izinguquko ezibushelelezi phakathi kwezigcawu noma wenze izinto zinyakaze ngendlela engokoqobo. Khumbula ukuthi iScratch ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zemiphumela yokubuka echazwe ngaphambilini, kodwa futhi ungazakhela eyakho uma ufuna okuthile ngokwezifiso.

3. Ukuhlolwa nokulungiswa: Uma ususebenzise imisindo nokubonwayo kugeyimu yakho ye-Scratch, kubalulekile ukwenza izivivinyo nokulungiswa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi kuhambisana negeyimu futhi akumphazamisi umdlali. Qalisa igeyimu yakho izikhathi ezimbalwa futhi unake ukuthi imisindo nokubonwayo kuzwakala kanjani futhi ubukeke kumongo wayo yonke igeyimu. Uma okuthile kungabonakali kulungile, lungisa ivolumu yemisindo, shintsha ubude besikhathi semiphumela yokubukwayo, noma uhlele njengoba kudingeka. Khumbula ukuthi amageyimu aku-Scratch ayaphindaphinda, ngakho-ke ungakwazi njalo ukubuyela emuva futhi ucwenge imisindo nokubonwayo kwakho njengoba uthuthukela ekuthuthukiseni igeyimu yakho.

Ngamafuphi, ukwengeza imisindo ekhangayo nezithombe ku-Scratch kuyindlela enhle yokwenza imidlalo yakho ijabulise futhi ihehe. Ungesabi ukuzama ngezinketho ezahlukene futhi ube nekhono ekusebenziseni lezi zici. Khumbula ukwenza izivivinyo nokulungiswa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi kuyahambisana negeyimu yakho. Zithokozise njengoba uthola izindlela ezintsha zokwenza imidlalo yakho ye-Scratch ibe yinhle kakhulu!

- Ukuhlanganisa amazinga obunzima nezikolo emidlalweni ye-Scratch

Ukuhlanganisa amaleveli obunzima nezikolo kumageyimu okuScratch

Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola ukuthi singayithuthukisa kanjani imidlalo yethu ku-Scratch ngokuyisebenzisa amazinga obunzima y izikolo. Lezi zici zibalulekile ukuze udale ukuzizwisa kwegeyimu okuyinselele futhi okujabulisayo. kubasebenzisi.

Okokuqala, ukwengeza amazinga obunzima, singasebenzisa okuguquguqukayo ku-Scratch ukuze silawule ubunzima bomdlalo. Singadala okuhlukile okumelela izinga lamanje legeyimu, futhi njengoba umdlali eqhubeka, sinyuse inani lalokhu kuhluka ukuze kwandiswe ubunzima. Ngokwesibonelo, singenza izitha zihambe ngokushesha noma izithiyo okunzima ukuzinqoba. Futhi singashintsha ezinye izici zegeyimu, njengenani lezimpilo ezitholakalayo noma umkhawulo wesikhathi ukuze siqedele ileveli ngayinye.

Ngaphezu kwe- amazinga obunzima, kubalulekile ukuqalisa uhlelo lwe izikolo emidlalweni yethu ye-Scratch. Lokhu kuzovumela abadlali ukuthi baqhudelane bodwa futhi baphonsele inselelo amakhono abo. Singasebenzisa okuhlukile ukuze sigcine isikolo samanje somdlali futhi sisikhuphule njalo lapho ewina noma enqoba isithiyo. Singaphinda sisebenzise amabhulokhi ekhodi ukuze sibonise amaphuzu esikrinini segeyimu, ukuze umdlali akwazi ukubona ukuqhubeka kwakhe njalo.

Ngamafuphi, i amazinga obunzima kanye izikolo Ziyizici ezimbili ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa imidlalo yethu ku-Scratch. Sisebenzisa okuguquguqukayo namabhulokhi wekhodi, singakwazi ukulawula ubunzima begeyimu futhi sidale ukuzizwisa okuyinselele kakhulu. Ngokunjalo, ukusebenzisa isistimu yokufaka amaphuzu kusivumela ukuthi sengeze into eqhudelanayo nekhuthazayo kumageyimu ethu. Linga ngale mibono bese udala amageyimu abandakanya abadlali futhi uhlole amakhono abo. Jabulela izinhlelo ku-Scratch!