Wenziwa Kanjani Ushukela

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ushukela iyisihloko esithakaselwa kakhulu kulabo abanentshisekelo embonini yokudla. Qonda ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani le nqubo Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukukhiqizwa kanye nekhwalithi yalesi sishukela esivame kakhulu emphakathini wethu. Kuleli phepha elimhlophe, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ushukela wenziwa kanjani, kusukela ekukhishweni kwempahla eluhlaza kuya ekucwengisisweni kwayo kokugcina. Hlanganyela nathi kulokhu kuhlola okuthakazelisayo nokuphelele kwe- izinyathelo ezibalulekile abathintekayo ekwenzeni ushukela. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, lolu lwazi luzonikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngale mboni ebalulekile ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke.

1. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ushukela: isifinyezo

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ushukela iqala ngokukhishwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, kulokhu okuwumoba. Uma umoba ususikiwe waqoqwa, uyagezwa ugaywe ukuze kukhishwe ujusi. Le juice ibe isifakwa ngenqubo yokucacisa ukuze kuqedwe ukungcola futhi ingaphansi kochungechunge lwamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngokomzimba ukuze kuzuzwe icrystallization kashukela.

I-crystallization kashukela ihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamakristalu kashukela ejusi ngokuhwamuka nokupholisa. Le nqubo yenziwa ezitsheni ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-evaporator, lapho ijusi ishiswa kuze kube yilapho amanzi ehwamuka futhi kwakheka insada eminyene yesiraphu egxilile enamakristalu kashukela. Lesi siraphu sibe sesipholile futhi singaphansi kwenqubo ye-centrifugation ukuze kuhlukaniswe amakristalu kashukela oketshezini olusele.

Uma amakristalu kashukela etholakele, ayomiswa ukuze kuqedwe noma yimuphi umkhondo womswakama. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokomisa yezimboni efaka ukushisa kanye nokungenisa umoya okulawulwayo. Ekugcineni, amakristalu kashukela enza inqubo yokucwengisiswa ukuze asuse ukungcola kokugcina futhi athole ushukela omsulwa esiwaziyo. Le nqubo ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwezihlungi kanye nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali okukhethekile okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuhlanzeka koshukela wokugcina.

Kafushane, inqubo yokukhiqiza ushukela ibandakanya ukukhishwa kwejusi lomoba, ukucaciswa nokwelashwa kwejusi, ukucwenga kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamakristalu kashukela, ukomiswa nokucwengwa. Isigaba ngasinye senqubo sidinga imishini ekhethekile nolwazi lobuchwepheshe ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela oyifunayo. Ushukela ungomunye wemikhiqizo esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ukukhiqizwa kwayo kudinga inqubo eqinile nephumelelayo yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokutholakala kwayo.

2. Ushukela uvelaphi futhi utholakala kanjani?

Ushukela utholakala ikakhulukazi emithonjeni emibili: umoba kanye nama-beet ashukela. Umoba isitshalo esishisayo esitshalwa ezindaweni ezifana neLatin America, iCaribbean kanye neSoutheast Asia. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isithombo sebhitrudi siwuhlobo lwempande etshalwa kakhulu eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.

Inqubo yokuthola ushukela iqala ngokuvunwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, kungaba umoba noma ama-beet. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zibe sezingaphansi kochungechunge lwezinqubo zokukhipha kanye nokucwengisiswa ukuze kutholwe ushukela wokugcina.

Ukuze kutholwe ushukela womoba, ijusi yomoba ikhishwa ngenqubo yokugaya. Kamuva, kwenziwa inqubo yokucacisa kanye nokuhlunga ukuze kuqedwe ukungcola. Ijusi ecacisiwe ibe isigxiliswa futhi icwecwe, ithole amakristalu kashukela aluhlaza. Ekugcineni, amakristalu kashukela eluhlaza ayahlanzwa, afakwe phakathi futhi omiswe ukuze kutholwe ushukela ocolisisiwe esiwudlayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthola ushukela we-beet, inqubo efanayo yokukhipha kanye nokucwenga iyenziwa. I-beet iyagezwa, ihlutshiwe futhi inqunywe zibe izingcezu ezincane. Lezi zingcezu zibe sezingaphansi kwenqubo yokukhipha ijusi, kulandelwa uchungechunge lwezinqubo zokucacisa kanye nokuhwamuka kuze kutholakale amakristalu kashukela. Ekugcineni, amakristalu ayagezwa, afakwe phakathi futhi omiswe ukuze athole ushukela ocolile.

Ngamafuphi, ushukela utholakala kukho kokubili umoba kanye ne-sugar beet ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokukhipha kanye nokucwengisiswa. Inqubo iyahlukahluka kancane kuye ngokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani, kodwa kuzo zombili izimo ushukela ocolisisiwe utholakala usulungele ukusetshenziswa. Ushukela ungenye yezithako ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokudla futhi usetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke.. Kubalulekile ukucabangela umsuka kanye nenqubo yokuthola ushukela ukuze uqonde ukukhiqizwa kwawo futhi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwawo.

3. Ukutshala umoba: isinyathelo sokuqala ochungechungeni lokukhiqiza

Ukutshala umoba kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ochungechungeni lokukhiqiza ushukela kanye nemikhiqizo eminingi etholakalayo. Lesi sigaba sibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivuno esiyimpumelelo futhi ikhwalithi ephezulu. Ukuze kutshalwe ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukulandela inqubo ehlelwe kahle futhi eyenziwe. Ngezansi izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokutshala umoba:

1. Ukulungiswa kwendawo: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala, kuyadingeka ukulungisa kahle umhlaba. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa indawo yokhula nemfucumfucu, ukulinganisa inhlabathi kanye nokwenza umsebenzi wokukhipha amanzi uma kunesidingo. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi inemisoco edingekayo ukuze kukhule umoba. Ukuhlolwa komhlabathi kungenziwa bese kufakwa umanyolo ngokwezincomo.

2. Ukuthola imbewu yekhwalithi: Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imbewu yekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze uzuze ukuhlwanyela okuhle. Kunconywa ukuthola imbewu kubahlinzeki abathembekile futhi uhlole ukuhlanzeka kwazo nokusebenza kwazo. Imbewu kumele ingabi nazifo kanye nomonakalo obonakalayo. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobo zomoba ezifanele izimo zezulu kanye nohlobo lwenhlabathi yesifunda.

3. Ukutshala nokunakekela kokuqala: Uma insimu isilungisiwe futhi imbewu yekhwalithi isitholiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhlwanyela ngokwakho. Imbewu kufanele ibekwe emiseleni noma emigodini ekujuleni okufanele kanye nebanga. Ngemva kokutshala, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukuchelela okwanele nokulawula ukhula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula okunempilo kommoba. Ukwengeza, izibulala-zinambuzane ezengeziwe kanye nomanyolo kungasetshenziswa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zensimu.

4. Ukuvuna umoba: izindlela nemishini esetshenziswayo

Isivuno sikamoba Kuyinqubo ukhiye ekukhiqizeni ushukela nezinye izinto ezikhiqizwayo. Ukuze enze lo msebenzi ngempumelelo, kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukene kanye nemishini ekhethekile. Ngokulandelayo, amathuluzi ayinhloko nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ekuvuneni umoba kuzochazwa kabanzi.

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ukushiswa okulawulwayo kwamasimu kamoba ngaphambi kokuvuna. Lo mkhuba unezinzuzo eziningana, njengokususa amaqabunga nezimila ezingafuneki, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuvuna, nokwenza kube lula ukusika umoba. Imishini ebizwa ngokuthi izishisi isetshenziselwa ukubasa imililo ngendlela elawulekayo emasimini.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukusika umoba. Ukuze kufezwe lo msebenzi, kusetshenziswa imishini ebizwa ngokuthi abavuna umoba. Le mishini ifakwe ama-blades nama-roller asika umoba endaweni ephakeme efanele bese ewubeka kuma-trailer noma emalolini ezokuthutha. Uma umoba usuqoqiwe, uyiswa embonini yokucubungula ukuze uguqulwe ube ushukela noma eminye imikhiqizo esuselwe. Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ukusika umoba kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.

Kafushane, ukuvunwa kukamoba kudinga amasu akhethekile nemishini yokwenza umsebenzi indlela ephumelelayo. Ukushiswa okulawulwayo kwamasimu ngaphambi kokuvuna kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlanganisela yizindlela ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kule mboni. Lezi zinqubo zisivumela ukuthi sithuthukise inqubo yokuqoqa futhi siqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.

5. Ukuthuthwa kanye nokulungisa umoba embonini kashukela

Inqubo ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe lo msebenzi zizochazwa ngezansi. ngempumelelo:

1. Ukuthuthwa komoba: Umoba kufanele uqoqwe ensimini futhi uyiswe efektri ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ungawohloki. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amaloli anamandla okwanele ukuthutha inqwaba yomoba. ngokuphephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi kube nengqalasizinda eyanele efemini ukuze yamukele futhi yehlise umoba ngendlela efanele.

2. Ukulungiswa komoba: Uma umoba ufika efektri, kufanele kwenziwe uchungechunge lwezinqubo zokuwulungisa ngaphambi kokuwucutshungulwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-defibering, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukanisa imicu emobeni, nokuhlanza, ukususa ukungcola okunjengokungcola namatshe. Lezi zinyathelo zenziwa kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile efana nama-shredders nezikrini.

6. Ukukhishwa kwejusi kamoba: izindlela nemishini esetshenziswayo

Ukukhishwa kwejusi kamoba kuyinqubo eyisisekelo ekukhiqizeni ushukela nokunye okuphuma kuyo. Kunezindlela nemishini eyahlukene esetshenziswa ukwenza lo msebenzi ngempumelelo. Kulesi sigaba, kuzochazwa izindlela ezisemqoka kanye nemishini esetshenziswa ekukhishweni kwejusi lomoba.

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuthola ijusi kamoba ukugaya. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa amandla emishini kumoba ukuze aphule amangqamuzana futhi akhulule ijusi. Ukugaya kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izigayo ze-roller noma izigayo zesando. Izigayo zamarola yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini kashukela, njengoba zivumela ukuthola a ukusebenza okuphezulu ekukhishweni kwejusi.

Ngaphandle kokugaya, kunezinye izindlela zokukha ijusi yomoba, njengokuwusakaza nokuwucindezela. Ukusabalalisa kuhlanganisa ukucwilisa umoba emanzini ashisayo ukuze kukhishwe ijusi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukucindezela kwenziwa ngokucindezela umoba ukuze uthole ijusi. Kokubili ukusabalalisa nokucindezela kudinga okokusebenza okuyisipesheli, njengama-diffuser kanye nomshini wokucindezela we-hydraulic, ngokulandelana.

7. Ukucaciswa nokuhlanzwa kwejusi yomoba: ukususwa kokungcola

Ukucaciswa nokuhlanzwa kwejusi kamoba kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokuqeda ukungcola nokuthola umkhiqizo wezinga eliphezulu. Ngezansi kunezinyathelo ezinemininingwane zokwenza le nqubo.

1. Ukuhlunga kokuqala: Ijusi yomoba iyahlungwa ekuqaleni ukuze isuse izinhlayiya ezinkulu nokungcola okubonakalayo. Lesi sinyathelo singenziwa ngokusebenzisa izihlungi zemeshi ezinhle noma izisefo ezikhethekile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ijusi ihlungwa ngokulinganayo ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

2. Ukwelashwa ngama-coagulant: Ukuze kuqedwe ukungcola okulengiswe kujusi lomoba, kusetshenziswa i-coagulant. Lokhu kusiza izinhlayiya ukuthi zihlangane ndawonye futhi zakhe ama-flocs amakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuwakhipha kamuva. Ama-coagulants asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka usawoti wensimbi noma i-aluminium. Kunconywa ukulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi ukuze uthole inani elifanele le-coagulant okufanele lisetshenziswe.

8. Ukugxila kanye nokuhwamuka kwejusi lomoba: inqubo yokuhlushwa

Ukugcwala kanye nokuhwamuka kwejusi yomoba kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ushukela nezinye izinto ezikhiqizwa umoba. Le nqubo ihlose ukukhipha amanzi kujusi kamoba, okuholela oketshezini olugxilile olunothe ngoshukela. Okulandelayo, inqubo yokugxilisa ingqondo izochazwa kabanzi Igxathu emvakwe gxathu.

1. Ukuhlunga: Ijusi kamoba itholakala ngokugaya umoba. Kodwa-ke, lejusi iqukethe ukungcola kanye nezinto eziqinile okufanele zisuswe ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokuhlushwa. Ukwenza lokhu, ijusi lihlungwa ngezihlungi zendwangu noma ngokucindezela ukuze kuhlukaniswe ukungcola futhi kutholakale uketshezi oluhlanzekile.

2. Ukushisisa: Uma usuhlungiwe, ijusi yomoba ishiselwa ngezihwamuko. Lawa ma-evaporator asebenzisa isitimu nokushisa ukushisa ijusi, okwenza amanzi akhona kuwo ahwamuke. Isitimu esikhiqizwa phakathi nale nqubo sisetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ukuze kugcinwe ukushisa okufanelekile nezinga lokushisa kuma-evaporator. Njengoba amanzi ehwamuka, ijusi iyagxila futhi ithola ukuminyana okukhulu kanye noshukela.

9. I-Crystallization kashukela: kusuka kujusi kuya engilazini

I-Sugar crystallization iyinqubo ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ushukela ocolisisiwe kusuka kujusi kamoba. Le nqubo iqukethe ukwakheka kwamakristalu aqinile e-sucrose avela kusisombululo sikashukela esigcwele kakhulu. Ngezansi kunezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokwenza i-sugar crystallization kahle futhi ngokufanele.

1. Ukulungiswa kwejusi yomoba: Ukuze kuqalwe inqubo yokwenza ikristalu, kuyadingeka ukuthola isisombululo sikashukela esine-supersaturated juice juice yomoba. Le jusi kufanele idlule ochungechungeni lwezindlela zokwelapha ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali ukuze kuqedwe ukungcola futhi kugxilise i-sucrose.

2. Ukwakhiwa kwe-crystallization nuclei: Uma isisombululo sikashukela esiphezulu sitholakala, kuyadingeka ukwethula i-crystallization nuclei ukuze kuqalwe ukwakheka kwamakristalu. Lokhu Kungafinyelelwa ngokwengeza amanani amancane kashukela oyikristalu noma ngokungeza izinto ezifana nembewu kashukela noma impushana kashukela.

10. Ukuhlukaniswa nokomiswa kwamakristalu kashukela: isinyathelo sokugcina ekukhiqizeni

Inqubo yokuhlukanisa nokomisa amakristalu kashukela yisigaba sokugcina ekukhiqizeni ushukela ocolile. Lesi sigaba sibalulekile ukuthola umkhiqizo wokugcina wezinga eliphezulu nobumsulwa. Ngezansi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe le nqubo ngempumelelo nangempumelelo:

1. Ukuhlukana: Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuhlukanisa amakristalu kashukela oketshezini olusele. Lokhu ingafinyelela ngokuhlunga noma i-centrifugation. Endabeni yokuhlunga, isihlungi esikhethekile sisetshenziselwa ukugcina amakristalu kuyilapho kuvumela uketshezi ukuba ludlule. Ku-centrifugation, amandla e-centrifugal asetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa amakristalu kashukela oketshezini ngokuzungezisa ngesivinini esikhulu.
2. Ukomisa: Uma esehlukanisiwe, amakristalu kashukela enza inqubo yokomisa ukuze asuse noma yimuphi umswakama osele. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokomisa ezitholakalayo, njengokumisa umoya oshisayo noma ukomisa umbhede owenziwe ngamanzi. Ekomisweni komoya oshisayo, amakristalu kashukela avezwa emisinga yomoya oshisayo ukuze ahwamuke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekomisweni kombhede owuketshezi, amakristalu kashukela alengiswa ekugelezeni komoya oshisayo, okusheshisa inqubo yokomisa.
3. Ikhwalithi yokulawula: Uma amakristalu kashukela ehlukanisiwe futhi omisiwe, kubalulekile ukulawula izinga eliphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukwenza izivivinyo zokuhlanzeka, umswakama kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana, phakathi kokunye. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo izonquma ukuthi amakristalu kashukela akulungele yini ukumakethwa noma adinga ukulungiswa okwengeziwe.

Kafushane, ukuhlukaniswa nokomiswa kwamakristalu kashukela kuyisinyathelo sokugcina ekukhiqizeni ushukela ocolile. Kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokuthola umkhiqizo wokugcina wezinga eliphezulu nobumsulwa. Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ezishiwo ngenhla kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi eqinile, ungaqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa koshukela oseqophelweni eliphezulu.

11. Ukucwenga ushukela: ukususwa kwe-molasses nokunye ukungcola

Ukucwenga ushukela kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokususa ukungcola kanye nama-molasses atholakala kushukela oluhlaza. Ngezansi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe le nqubo:

1. Isigaba 1: Ukuhlanza ushukela ongahluziwe.
   Kulesi sigaba, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza ushukela ongahluziwe ukuze ususe ukungcola okukhudlwana. Imishini ekhethekile isetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa ukungcola noshukela, kuwushiye uhlanzekile futhi ulungele isinyathelo esilandelayo.
2. Isigaba 2: Inqubo yokucacisa.
   Ukukhipha ama-molasses nokungcola okuhle, inqubo yokucacisa isetshenziswa. Kule nqubo, ushukela oluhlaza uyancibilika emanzini ashisayo futhi wengezwe umcako. Lokhu kusiza ukususa ama-compounds angafuneki futhi kucacise uketshezi oluvelayo.
3. Isiteji sesi-3: Ukuhlunga kanye nokucwebezela.
   Ngemva kokucaciswa, uketshezi oluvelayo luyahlungwa ukuze kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukungcola okusele. Okulandelayo, inqubo ye-crystallization iyenzeka, lapho kwakhiwa khona amakristalu kashukela ahlanzekile.

Ngalezi zinyathelo ezintathu, kungenzeka ukuthola ushukela ocolisisiwe wekhwalithi ephezulu, ongenawo ama-molasses nokunye ukungcola. Kubalulekile ukulandela isinyathelo ngasinye ngokucophelela futhi usebenzise amathuluzi afanele ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

12. Ukupakishwa kukashukela nokulebula: ukulungiselela ukusatshalaliswa

Ukupakishwa kanye nokulebula ushukela kuyinqubo eyinhloko yokusatshalaliswa kwawo ngendlela ephumelelayo nephephile. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ufinyelela kumthengi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, uchungechunge lwezinyathelo kanye nemithethonqubo emisiwe kufanele ilandelwe. Ngezansi kunezinqubo ezidingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe ukupakishwa nokulebula ushukela ngendlela efanele:

1. Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwezinto zokupakisha: kubalulekile ukukhetha iziqukathi ezifanele ushukela, ezimelana, ezingenamanzi futhi azihlanganisi ngamakhemikhali nomkhiqizo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izikhwama zepulasitiki noma zephepha nge-coating yangaphakathi. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, iziqukathi kufanele zihlanzwe futhi zibulawe amagciwane ukuze kugwenywe ukungcola.

2. Ukugcwalisa iziqukathi: uma izinto zokupakisha sezilungisiwe, siqhubeka siwagcwalisa ngoshukela. Le nqubo ingenziwa ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuye ngamandla okukhiqiza. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziqukathi zigcwaliswa phezulu ezifanele, ukugwema kokubili ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka komkhiqizo.

3. Ukulebula kweziqukathi: isitsha ngasinye sikashukela kufanele sibe nelebula elinikeza ulwazi olufanele kumthengi. Lokhu kufanele kufake igama lomkhiqizo, inani likashukela eliqukethwe emaphaketheni, usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kanye nanoma yiluphi olunye ulwazi lwezomthetho noma lokudla okunomsoco oludingwa ngumthetho wamanje. Kubalulekile ukuthi ilebula ibonakale ngokucacile, ifundeke futhi ibambelele ngokuqinile esitsheni.

Ukupakishwa kanye nokulebula ushukela kuyisici esinqumayo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha kokudla komkhiqizo. Ngokulandela izinqubo nemithethonqubo emisiwe, ukusatshalaliswa okwanele kanye nokuhlonzwa okulula kwabathengi kuyaqinisekiswa. Khumbula ukuthi ukuhambisana nemithetho yendawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisezingeni kuyizici ezibalulekile kule nqubo.

13. Ukulawula izinga likashukela: ukuhlaziya nokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ubumsulwa

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kashukela kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ubumsulwa kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukuze wenze lokhu kulawulwa, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele futhi wenze izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene. Ngezansi izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokulawula ikhwalithi kashukela ngempumelelo:

1. Ukusampula: Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthatha amasampula amele ushukela. Lawa masampuli athathwa kumaqeqebana ahlukene futhi axutshwe ukuze kutholwe isampula elifanayo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasampula athathwa ngokungahleliwe futhi amele ngokwethembeka umkhiqizo wokugcina.

2. Ukuhlaziya ngokomzimba: Uma amasampula etholiwe, ukuhlaziya ngokomzimba kuyenziwa ukuze kutholwe izici ezifana nosayizi wokusanhlamvu, umbala kanye nomswakama kashukela. Lokhu kuhlaziya kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile nezinto zokusebenza, njengezibonakhulu namamitha omswakama. Imiphumela etholakala kulesi sigaba ibalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe izinga likashukela.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali: Ngaphezu kokuhlaziywa komzimba, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali ukuze kutholwe ukugcwala kwe-sucrose nezinye izinhlanganisela ezikhona kushukela. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa kusetshenziswa amasu afana ne-chromatography ne-spectroscopy. Imiphumela etholwe kulezi zivivinyo isivumela ukuthi siqinisekise ukuhlanzeka koshukela futhi siqinisekise ukuthi uhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezimisiwe.

14. Izici zemvelo zokukhiqiza ushukela kanye nezinyathelo zokusimama

Ukukhiqizwa kukashukela yimboni engaba nomthelela omkhulu ku indawo ezungezile. Ukuqinisekisa ukusimama kwalo msebenzi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezinciphisa lo mthelela. Ngezansi ezinye izenzo ezingathathwa ukuze kubhekwane nezici zemvelo zokukhiqizwa kukashukela:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngendlela efanele: Ukukhiqizwa kukashukela kudinga amanzi amaningi ukuze kutshalwe umoba. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuchelela ngendlela efanele futhi kugqugquzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngendlela efanele emasimini omoba.
• Ukukhuthaza amandla avuselelekayo: Inqubo yokukhiqiza ushukela idla isamba esikhulu samandla. Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wendawo, izinhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo zingasetshenziswa, njengokufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-biomass njengomthombo wamandla.
• Ukuphathwa kahle kukadoti: Phakathi nokukhiqizwa kukashukela, kukhiqizwa imfucumfucu ehlukahlukene, njenge-bagasse yomoba namavinase. Lezi zinsalela zingathinta kabi imvelo uma zingaphathwa ngendlela efanele. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokwelashwa kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwalo mfucuza ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wawo kwezemvelo.

Ukwamukelwa kwalezi zinyathelo kuzofaka isandla ekusimameni kokukhiqizwa kukashukela, ukunciphisa umthelela wawo kwezemvelo futhi kugqugquzelwe imboni ebophezelekile. Ngokunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha obuvumela ukusebenza kahle nokusimama kwalo mkhakha ukuba kuthuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo.

Kulesi sihloko, sihlole ngokuningiliziwe inqubo yokuthi ushukela wenziwa kanjani. Kusukela ekutshalweni nasekuvuneni umoba kuya ekucwengisweni nasekufakweni kwekristalu komkhiqizo wokugcina, isigaba ngasinye sichazwe ngokucophelela. Sifundile ngokubaluleka kwemishini eyisipesheli nemishini esetshenziswa emasimini omoba nasezimbonini ezilungisayo. Ukwengeza, sixoxile ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zikashukela kanye nezicelo zabo ezivamile. Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lunikeze ukuqonda okucacile nokunembile kokuthi ushukela ukhiqizwa kanjani, okusisiza ukuba sazise wonke umsebenzi nokunakekelwa okuhilelekile kule nqubo. Njengoba siqhubeka nokujabulela lesi sisekelo esimnandi ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, masikhumbule inqubo yobuchwepheshe eyinkimbinkimbi ngemuva kohlamvu ngalunye lukashukela olufinyelela amatafula ethu.