I-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST ku-Vulkan: izimbangela zangempela, ukuxilonga, nokulungiswa

Uma uhlangabezane nomlayezo othi VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST Ngenkathi udlala imidlalo noma uklama izinhlelo zokusebenza nge-Vulkan, awuwedwa: ​​inkinga evamile engaziveza njengokuphahlazeka, ukuvala shaqa okungalindelekile, noma amaluphu lapho uhlelo lungeke luvaleke ngokugcwele. Nakuba kusabisa, ngokuvamile kunencazelo futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, izindlela zokuyinciphisa noma zokuyixazulula.

En esta guía vas a encontrar Amacala empilo yangempela ku-Windows ne-Linux, anemidlalo namathuluzi, izinkomba zokuxilonga umthombo, izilungiselelo ezisize abanye abasebenzisi (njengesilungiselelo esithile ku-NVIDIA Control Panel ye-Detroit: Yiba Umuntu nge-RTX 3080), kanye Izinsiza ezithembekile zokuqonda kangcono i-VulkanUmbono wukuthi awuchithi isikhathi ngokugxuma usuka esithangamini uye kwesinye futhi ube, ngokubuka nje, izixazululo ezingaba khona ngempela. Ake sifunde konke mayelana iphutha VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST. 

Isho ukuthini i-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST futhi kungani ivela?

Ku-Vulkan, iphutha le-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST libonisa lokho idivayisi enengqondo iyekile ukusebenza: umshayeli we-GPU uyiqale kabusha, kube khona i-hang yomshayeli, i-TDR yenzekile ngenxa yokuvala isikhathi sokuvinjwa noma ulayini, noma uhlelo lokusebenza luthumele okuthile ihadiwe/umshayeli angakwazi ukuyiphatha. Akugcini ngokuphahlazeka njalo; ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba sizobona, uhlelo lokusebenza lubhajwa ku-loop futhi kufanele luvalwe ngamandla.

Nakuba iphethini iyahlukahluka kuye ngemishini nesofthiwe, izibangeli ezivamile ziyi Abashayeli abangazinzile, izandiso ezintsha kakhulu, izendlalelo/imbondela, imikhawulo yesikhathi sohlelo futhi ngezinye izikhathi, izinhlanganisela ezineshwa nje zezilungiselelo zezithombe. Ukwazi ezinye izimo zangempela kusiza ukukhiqiza futhi kuxazulule inkinga.

Amacala angempela: kwenzekeni nokuthi kwenziwani

I-Detroit: Yiba Umuntu ku-Windows, i-RTX 3080, kanye nokulungiswa okubalulekile kwa-NVIDIA

Umsebenzisi one-a I-GeForce RTX 3080 ibihlala ihlangabezana nokuphahlazeka kwegeyimu nge-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST naphezu kokwenza okujwayelekile: Buyekeza abashayeli, imodi ehambelanayo yokuhlola, nezinketho zokubuyekezaIsixazululo esingisebenzele kwaba ukuya ku-NVIDIA Control Panel futhi ngishintshe inketho ethile ehlobene ne-Vulkan/OpenGL ezingeni lohlelo.

Umzila, owakhiwe ngenye indlela, wawuthi: Iphaneli Yokulawula ye-NVIDIA > Phatha Izilungiselelo ze-3D > Izilungiselelo Zohlelo > khetha i-Detroit: Iba Umuntu. Kunketho yendlela yokusetha ngaphambilini ye-Vulkan/OpenGL, isilungiselelo esenze umehluko sasisehlela ku- "Uncamela ngokwezendlalelo ku-DXGI Swapchain«. Ngalolo shintsho, ukuvalwa okuphindaphindiwe kwanyamalala kuhlotshaniswa ne-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST.

Lesi sibonelo sibonisa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi, ukulungiswa kokuhambisana noma ukuthi i-swapchain iphathwa kanjani ngezingqimba kungaba ukhiye, ikakhulukazi uma isihloko sinepayipi elithile lokunikeza noma uma kukhona ukusebenzisana nezinye izendlalelo ohlelweni.

I-Dota 2 ku-Linux: I-Loping kanye Nokungaqini Okubonakala Ngokungahleliwe

Elinye icala elibalulekile yileli lika I-Dota 2 isebenza ngokomdabu ku-LinuxIphethini ebikiwe ibiyindida: iphutha le-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST belizovela kokubili ngesikhathi semidlalo yesikhathi sangempela nalapho kubukelwa ukudlala kabusha, kwesinye isikhathi kalula ukubukela ukulwa noma ngisho nokuthayipha engxoxweni. Esikhundleni sokuvala ngokuphelele, umdlalo uhlale ku-a I-loop engapheli futhi kwadingeka “abulawe” ngesandla.

Kulokho okwenzekayo akukho minikelo eyenziwayo Ayikho i-Match ID noma izithombe-skrini ("Akukho mpendulo" kukhonjisiwe kuzo zombili izinkambu), okwenza kube nzima ukuhlobanisa izikhathi eziqondile. Noma kunjalo, uphawu (ukubanda ngaphandle kokuphahlazeka okuphelele) lukhomba isimo sedivayisi engalungiseki ngokombono wohlelo lokusebenza. Ku-Linux, le phethini ingahlotshaniswa nomshayeli, ulayini wokwethulwa kanye nokuphathwa kwesikhathi, noma okunye ukuxhumana komqambi/isithombe semvelo.

Ezimweni ezinjalo kuhle ukubuyekezwa izingodo zesistimu (dmesg, journalctl), hlola izinguqulo ze-Mesa/NVIDIA kuye nge-GPU, futhi ukhubaze izendlalelo zezinkampani zangaphandle. Lawa amathiphu okuthi, ngenkathi ejwayelekile, abe abalulekile ku isihloko se-Vulkan esinamandla njenge-Dota 2.

Izithombe-skrini ezingazinzile nge-RenderDoc kanye ne-VK_EXT_shader_object

Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okuhlela kunezela isethi yayo yezinto eziguquguqukayo. Kuye kwaqashelwa Ukungahambisani ne-RenderDoc lapho uthwebula izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa isandiso VK_EXT_shader_objectkufaka phakathi Ukuphahlazeka komshayeli okutholiwe, ukumisa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, namaphutha edivayisi alahlekile. Akumangazi: sikhuluma ngesandiso sakamuva kanye nesimo esibucayi ngokwemvelo (ukuxhunyelelwa isendlalelo sokuthwebula epayipini elithuthukisiwe).

Ukukhiqiza kabusha inkinga ngokungaguquki, isibonelo "i-shaderobjects»kusuka endaweni yokugcina ye Sascha Willems/VulkanInqubo bekuyilokhu: Qalisa kanambambili ye-shaderobjects.exe ngaphansi kwe-RenderDoc, thwebula uhlaka, bese ukhetha umcimbi wesibili we-vkQueueSubmit().. Ngaleso sikhathi, ibhokisi lombiko wephutha livele de la herramienta.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuncishiswe izici ezididayo, okulandelayo kwasuswa ngaphambi kokubanjwa: .amafayela omgqomo ukuthi isibonelo sikhiqiza (i-shader caches), futhi iphutha lisaqhubeka. Indawo ethize yayiyi: RenderDoc_2024_07_02_0406d376_64, Windows 10 (10.0.19045.4529), Vulkan 1.3.275, GeForce GTX 1080 y isilawuli 566.12Le datha iwusizo kakhulu uma ubika noma uqhathanisa izindaba ezifanayo.

Ukuphahlazeka kwegeyimu ne-Steam, ngisho nezikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Kuphinde kwabikwa isimo esicasula kakhulu: Umdlalo ubuzophahlazeka kaningi, kwesinye isikhathi iSteam futhi, futhi kuzovela neBSOD. (isikrini esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Izenzo eziyisisekelo ezifana Buyekeza abashayeli, lungisa ikhwalithi yezithombe, phoqa imodi yesikrini esigcwele, khubaza ukumbondela y khawulela i-FPS ibe ngu-60, kodwa ukuvalwa kwaqhubeka njalo ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa yomdlalo.

Uma izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zibandakanyeka ku-equation, izinsolo ze ukungazinzi ezingeni le-kernel/umshayeli noma kuhadiwe ngokwayo. Nakuba i-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST iyisiphazamisi se-Vulkan, uma lonke uhlelo lunyakaza, kufanelekile ukuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwememori, ukuhlolwa kwediski, nokuqapha okushisayo ukukhipha ukuthi i-GPU noma amandla ayo asemkhawulweni wawo.

Izimbangela ezingenzeka: ubuchwepheshe kanye nsuku zonke

Nakuba icala ngalinye lihlukile, kunezimbangela eziningi ezivamile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Nali imephu ezokusiza ukuthi uzulazule. Okuvame kakhulu ku-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST:

• Izishayeli zezithombe ezingazinzile noma ezihlehlisiwe: Izinguqulo zakamuva zingalungisa ezinye izihloko futhi zephule ezinye; okuphambene nakho kwenzeka.
• Izandiso ezintsha noma ezishintshayo: njengoba VK_EXT_shader_object, esakhula futhi engadalula amacala asemaphethelweni ngamathuluzi okuthwebula.
• Isikhathi sokuvala kanye ne-TDR (IWindows): Uma umsebenzi ku-GPU uthatha unomphela, isistimu ingase iqale kabusha umshayeli futhi ishiye idivayisi enengqondo “ilahlekile.”
• Imbondela nezingqimba: Ama-injection e-FPS, ingxoxo, ukusakaza, noma ama-tracer angaphazamisa i-swapchain noma ipayipi.
• Ukucushwa okukhethekile kwe-swapchain: Ezinye izethulo, isikhathi, noma izindlela zokuqamba zingase ziqalise ukuphahlazeka kuzingxenyekazi zekhompyutha/izishayeli ezithile.
• Inqolobane ye-Shader yonakalisiwe noma ngaphandle kokuvumelanisa: ukususa izinqolobane (njengamafayela .bin kusibonelo) kungasusa ukungqubuzana okucashile.
• Izingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha onqenqemeni: Amazinga okushisa, ukunyuka kwamandla noma i-overclocking encane/undervoltage kungabangela iphutha ukuthi livele njalo.

Indlela yokuxilonga ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukupholisa kwakho

Ngaphambi kokushintsha izinto ezingamashumi amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kungcono ukulandela i-oda. Umgomo uwukuhlukanisa into ebangela i-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST Esimeni sakho esiqondile, ukuncika kumasiginali ongakwazi ukuwakala ngokufanelekile noma uwakhiqize kabusha.

1. Khiqiza isiphazamisi ngokulandelana okufushane: impi ethile ku-Dota 2, imenyu e-Detroit, noma isinyathelo sokuthwebula esifanayo ku-RenderDoc (isb., ukukhetha i-vkQueueSubmit() yesibili).
2. Qaphela i-OS, umshayeli, nezinguqulo ze-GPU.: Idatha efana ne-Windows 10 build 19045.4529, GeForce GTX 1080, kanye nomshayeli 566.12 basiza ukuqhathanisa imibiko.
3. Khubaza ukumbondela kanye nezendlalelo: I-Steam, i-GeForce Experience, i-Discord, njll. Hlola ukuthi ingabe ukuziphatha kuyashintsha ngaphandle kwazo.
4. Ibuyela kumanani "esitoko".: Ayikho i-GPU/CPU/RAM overclocking, enemikhawulo yamandla ezenzakalelayo futhi akukho ukucindezela okunolaka.
5. Idala kabusha ngaphansi kokulandelelwa Kuphela uma kunesidingo: Uma i-RenderDoc noma amathuluzi afanayo ebhebhethekisa inkinga, zama ngaphandle kokuthwebula kuqala.
6. Sula inqolobane ye-shader: kokubili umdlalo kanye nomshayeli, uma kusebenza. Amafayela we-.bin kusibonelo asekela lokhu.
7. Hlola izingodo zesistimu: Ku-Linux, dmesg kanye nejenalictl; ku-Windows, I-Event Viewer kanye ne-minidumps uma kukhona i-BSOD.

Uma kuhlelo uhlangana nesinyathelo leso njalo ingenisa iphutha (njengoba kwenzekile nge-vkQueue yesibiliThumela esibonelweni sezinto ze-shader), usuvele unengxenye yokuxilongwa: zama shintsha okuguquguqukayo okukodwa kuphela (umshayeli, ukulungiselelwa kwe-swapchain, imodi yokwethula) ukuze ubone ukuthi i-trigger iyanyamalala yini.

Izixazululo ezisebenzayo nokulungiswa okusebenzile

Ayikho induku yemilingo yendawo yonke, kodwa ikhona izenzo ngezinga elihle lempumeleloNgezansi uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezi-odwe kusukela kokuncane kuye kokuningi kakhulu okungenelele.

IWindows (NVIDIA/AMD) nemidlalo yeVulkan

• Ukushuna okuqondene ne-NVIDIA kwe-Detroit: Yiba Umuntu: Ku-Control Panel > Phatha Izilungiselelo ze-3D > Izilungiselelo Zohlelo > khetha igeyimu esebenzisekayo, thola i-Vulkan/OpenGL emiswe ngaphambilini, bese uyisetha kokuthi "Prefer Layers on DXGI Swapchain." Lokhu kususe ukuphahlazeka okuphindaphindiwe nge-RTX 3080.
• Khawulela i-FPS nokuvumelanisa: Ukugcina i-FPS engu-60 kanye nesikrini esigcwele esikhethekile kungazinzisa abashayeli abathile, nakuba kungahlali kwanele ngokwako.
• Khubaza ukumbondela: I-Steam, i-NVIDIA, i-Discord, njll. Uma ubona intuthuko, yethule kabusha ngayinye ngayinye ukuze ukhombe umlandu.
• Umshayeli "owaziwa kahle".Uma iphutha livela ngemva kokubuyekeza, zama inguqulo yangaphambilini ezinzile; uma ungabuyekezanga isikhathi eside, faka inguqulo yakamuva ye-WHQL.

I-Linux nezihloko zomdabu ezine-Vulkan (isb. i-Dota 2)

• Hlola isitaki sezithombe: : Inguqulo ye-Mesa/NVIDIA ifanele i-kernel nendawo yakho. I-bump yenguqulo ingase ilungise iluphu engapheli.
• Hlola umqambi namawindi: Hlola ngomqambi noma ngaphandle, isikrini esigcwele ngokumelene newindi elingenamngcele, futhi ulungise imodi yokwethulwa uma igeyimu ikuvumela.
• Amalogi anemininingwane: Khomba isikhathi sokuphahlazeka bese ubheka ku-dmesg/journalctl ngaleso sikhathi. Iphutha le-GPU noma ukusetha kabusha kuzongena.

Amathuluzi wokuthwebula nokususa iphutha (RenderDoc)

• Gwema izinyathelo eziyinkinga: Uma ukhetha umcimbi othile (ofana nesesibili vkQueueSubmit()) kucupha ukuphahlazeka, khawula ukuhlaziya kube izinyathelo ngaphambi noma ngemuva kwaso.
• Yehlisa ukudideka: Sula izinqolobane ze-shader (njengalezi .bin ezisesibonelweni) ngaphambi kokuthwebula nokusebenzisa izakhiwo "ezihlanzekile" zephrojekthi.
• Buyekeza noma shintsha inguqulo: kokubili i-RenderDoc kanye nomshayeli/GPU; ngezandiso ezintsha, isakhiwo esisha singaqukatha ukulungiswa kokhiye.

Lapho iSteam nayo iphahlazeka noma kuvela iBSOD

• Ubuqotho besistimu: Isebenzisa izivivinyo zememori, igada amazinga okushisa, futhi ihlole ukunikezwa kwamandla. I-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST ingase ibe uphawu olubonakalayo lwenkinga ejulile.
• Abashayeli bezinga le-Kernel: Faka kabusha ngokuhlanzekile umshayeli we-GPU. Uma i-BSOD iphikelela, qoqa izindawo zokulahla ukuze uhlonze imojuli okuyiyonayona.

Imininingwane emincane eyenza umehluko

Kukhona izinguquko ezibonakala zincane ukuthi, ngokusebenza, shintsha ngokuphelele ukuzinza sesihloko esithile. Isilungiselelo esithi "Khetha izendlalelo ku-DXGI Swapchain" se-Detroit: Yiba Umuntu isibonelo esicacile. Lezi zinhlobo zezinketho shintsha indlela izendlalelo, i-swapchain kanye nomshayeli asebenzisana ngayo, futhi ingadlula iphutha elithile.

Enye imininingwane ewusizo yi- ukususa inqolobane ye-shader ngaphambi kokwenza izinguquko ezinkulu noma ukuhlaziya izithombe-skrini, njengoba kwenziwa ngamafayela we-.bin kusibonelo sento ye-shader. Lokhu kunciphisa ukungahambisani nezimo ezindala edonsa phakathi kwamaseshini nokuxilongwa kwamafu.

Ekugcineni, lapho umdlalo Ayivaleki kodwa ihlezi ilandelana Ngemuva kwephutha, kuyinkomba yokuthi idivayisi enengqondo ayisasebenziseki ngaphandle kohlelo lokusebenza ukuyiphatha ngokugcwele. Kulezo zimo, kufanelekile ukuhlolwa. ezinye izindlela zokwenza (i-backend ehlukile uma ikhona, shintsha imodi yesikrini, noma vala izici ezithuthukisiwe njengezithunzi ezithile noma imithelela) ukuze ugweme isimo esibangela ukuphahlazeka.

Izinsiza zokuqonda i-Vulkan (futhi ulungise kangcono)

Ukufunda kabanzi nge-Vulkan kukusiza ukuthi uhumushe amaphutha afana ne-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST ngaphandle kokugxumela ekungaboni. Ilungu elilodwa lomphakathi lincome izinsiza ze-Khronos ezisemthethweni ezinezindlela ezilungele abaqalayo kanye nezinhlu ezikhethiwe. Bayisisekelo esihle noma ngabe uyahlela noma ufuna nje ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzakalani.

• Umhlahlandlela Wabasaqalayo ku-Vulkan (Khronos): Iqoqo lezisetshenziswa eziyisingeniso zokukusiza ukuthi uqalise futhi uqonde ifilosofi ye-API.
• Izinsiza ze-Khronos Vulkan ku-GitHub: uhlu lubonisa ukuthi izinsiza zithuthelwe kuzo vulkan.org, lapho uzothola khona imibhalo ebuyekeziwe.

Uma ungazi ukuthi ungaqala kuphi, Le mihlahlandlela izokulondoloza ukuzama namaphutha ingcolile futhi izokunikeza indlela yokubhekana nezinkinga ezinjengokulahleka kwedivayisi, ukuphela kwesikhathi, izinkinga zokuvumelanisa, nokuningi.

Izimpawu zomphakathi: ukuxhumana kanye nokuphawula

Ngaphezu kwemibiko enemininingwane, bekukhona ukusebenzisana okulula njengokuthi "Like" ekuphawuleni, nasezingxoxweni lapho bebuzwe khona recursos de aprendizaje. Nakuba zibonakala ziyimininingwane emincane, zibonisa ukuthi isihloko sinjalo ephilayo futhi eyabiwe, nokuthi izixazululo eziningi zizalwa ngesamba sokuhlangenwe nakho.

Uhlu lokuhlola olusheshayo lwecala lakho

Uma lokhu kwenzeka kuwena njengamanje, zama lokhu. uhlu olufushane lwamasheke, kukhuthazwe izimo zangaphambilini:

• Buyekeza noma buyisela umshayeliUma usanda kuvuselela futhi yaqala ukwehluleka, zama inguqulo yangaphambilini ezinzile; uma ungabuyekezanga ezinyangeni, faka i-WHQL yakamuva.
• Khubaza ukumbondela: I-Steam, i-Discord, i-GeForce Experience, njll. futhi ubone ukuthi iphutha liyashintsha yini imvamisa.
• Ukushuna kwe-NVIDIA ngomdlalo ngamunye: E-Detroit: Iba Umuntu, ukusetha ukusetha kwangaphambili kwe-Vulkan/OpenGL ukuze “Khetha Izendlalelo ku-DXGI Swapchain” kuxazulule ukuphahlazeka.
• Imodi yesikrini ne-FPS: Phoqa isikrini esigcwele esikhethekile futhi ubeke imingcele ngokumaphakathi i-FPS ukuze uzinzise imigqa yokunikezela.
• Sula inqolobane ye-shader: Isusa amafayela enqolobane yomdlalo futhi, uma kusebenza, nomshayeli.
• Amalogi esistimu: dmesg/journalctl ku-Linux noma Isibuki Somcimbi ku-Windows ukuze kutholwe ukusetha kabusha abashayeli noma amaphutha.

Ukubika nini nokuthi ufake ini

Uma inkinga iqhubeka naphezu kwakho konke, yibike kuye información precisa Sheshisa usizo. Gwema "Azikho Izimpendulo" kuzinkambu ezibalulekile: faka I-ID yomdlalo kanye nesitembu sesikhathi Uma kuwumdlalo onokudlalwa kabusha, bese unamathisele izithombe-skrini noma izingodo uma kungenzeka.

Ungakhohlwa ukwengeza imvelo ephelele yobuchwepheshe: Inguqulo ye-OS (isb. Windows 10 yakha i-19045.4529), I-GPU eqondile (GeForce GTX 1080, RTX 3080), inguqulo yomshayeli (njenge-566.12), nokuthi uyawasebenzisa yini amathuluzi afana I-RenderDoc, inguqulo yayo ekhonkolo (isb. RenderDoc_2024_07_02_0406d376_64). Le datha iyigolide okufanele ikhiqizwe kabusha.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kungani igeyimu ingaphahlazeka futhi ivele ingene ngemuva kwephutha? Ngoba uhlelo lokusebenza lungena esimweni lapho idivayisi enengqondo ilahleka khona, kodwa i-logic yokuphumayo ayisetshenziswanga ngokugcwele. Empeleni, kufanele uphoqe ukuvala futhi uhlole ukuthi yimuphi umcimbi noma isilungiselelo esibangela leso simo.

Ingabe ukusula inqolobane ye-shader kuyasiza? Ezimweni eziningana yebo, ikakhulukazi uma zikhona ukungahambisani phakathi kokwakhiwa kanye nama-cache (njengamafayela we-.bin kusibonelo sezinto ze-shader). Lena indlela esheshayo yokulahla imibuso eyonakele.

Ingabe kufanele ngithwebule nge-RenderDoc uma ngisola umshayeli? Thwebula can ukusiza ukuqonda ipayipi, kodwa futhi kungethula ukungazinzi uma isandiso noma umshayeli uluhlaza. Hlola kuqala ngaphandle kokuthwebula, futhi uma uthwebula, yenza kanjalo ngezinguqulo zethuluzi. ukuthi wazi kahle ngecala lakho.

Ingabe izimbondela zingadala i-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST? Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi izingqimba ezijovwe ziphazamisa i-swapchain noma ngokuvumelanisa. Ukuzikhubaza kungenye yezivivinyo zokuqala ongayenza.

Kuthiwani uma ngibona i-BSOD ku-Windows? Lokho kusikisela izinkinga ezingeni le-kernel/umshayeli noma ihadiweNgokungeziwe ezinyathelweni ze-Vulkan, yenza izivivinyo zenkumbulo, ihlola amazinga okushisa, ihlole ukunikezwa kwamandla, futhi ihlaziye ama-minidumps ukuze ithole imojuli enephutha.

Unomephu womgwaqo ocacile: Khomba iphethini, hlukanisa i-trigger, futhi usebenzise ukulungiswa ngempumelelo efakazelweKusukela kushintsho olusethiwe Kuphaneli Yokulawula ye-NVIDIA elondoloze imidlalo e-Detroit: Iba Umuntu ku-RTX 3080, kuya kuzinkombandlela zokuthwebula ze-RenderDoc namalogi okuqapha ku-Linux ye-Dota 2, kunezixazululo eziphathekayo ezinciphisa kakhulu ukuphahlazeka kohlobo lwe-VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST. Uma futhi uthembele kuzinsiza ze-Khronos ukuze uqonde isisekelo se-Vulkan, umzamo ngamunye uzoba nembe kakhudlwana futhi uzomosha isikhathi esincane ekuhlolweni okuyimpumputhe.