Izifo ezakhiwe yi-cell cycle disorder.

Ukusebenza kahle kwe umjikelezo weseli Kubalulekile ukugcina ubuqotho bomzimba kanye nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo. Nokho, nini le nqubo Uma lokhu kuguqulwa, kungavela ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene athinta izitho nezinhlelo ezahlukene. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe izifo ezakhiwe ngenxa yalesi sifo. yomjikelezo wamaseli kanye nomthelela wazo empilweni yomuntu. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yobuchwepheshe kanye nethoni engathathi hlangothi, sizocubungula izici ezihlukene zalezi zifo, kusukela emsuka wazo webhayoloji kuye ekukhetheni ukwelashwa okungenzeka. Ngolwazi olusekelwe ezifundweni zesayensi kanye nobufakazi bekhwalithi, sihlose ukunikeza umbono ocacile nonembile wale ndawo yezokwelapha ebalulekile.

Isingeniso se-cell cycle disorder kanye nemithelela yayo ezifweni

Umjikelezo weseli uyinqubo eyisisekelo empilweni yengqamuzana, elawulwa uchungechunge lwezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi eziqinisekisa ukukhula nokusebenza kwalo okufanele. Kodwa-ke, lo mjikelezo ungashintshwa ngezinye izikhathi, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni kanye nokuqala kwezifo.

I-cell cycle disorder isenzakalo lapho amaseli angalandeli umjikelezo umakhalekhukhwini ojwayelekileLokhu kungaholela ekuphindaphindeni kwamaseli okungalawuleki. Lokhu kuguqulwa kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo ezimbi kakhulu, njengomdlavuza, lapho amangqamuzana ehlukana ngokungalawuleki futhi angasakazekela kwezinye izicubu nezitho zomzimba.

Imithelela ye-cell cycle disorder ezifweni ihlukene futhi ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesiyaluyalu. Ezinye izifo zihlotshaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwamangqamuzana okusheshayo, njenge-leukemia, kanti ezinye zingase zihlotshaniswe nokuncipha kwezinga lokusabalala kwamangqamuzana, njengesifo i-Alzheimer's. Ukuqonda izindlela eziyisisekelo zokuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza ngempumelelo nezihlosiwe ezingalapha lezi zifo.

Iqhaza elibalulekile lomjikelezo weseli empilweni nasekuthuthukeni okujwayelekile komzimba

Umjikelezo wamaseli uyinqubo eyisisekelo yokugcina impilo kanye nokuthuthuka okufanele komzimba. Lesi simiso esiyinkimbinkimbi siqinisekisa ukukhula, ukulungiswa nokuvuselelwa kwamangqamuzana. emzimbeni wethuNgokulawula kwayo okunembayo, kufinyelelwa ibhalansi phakathi kokwanda kwamangqamuzana okulawulwayo kanye nokuvimbela izifo ezinjengomdlavuza.

Ukubaluleka komjikelezo weseli kusekhonweni layo lokuqinisekisa ukuthi iseli ngalinye liqeda izigaba ezidingekayo ukuze lisebenze kahle. Lezi zigaba, ezaziwa ngezigaba ze-G1, S, G2, kanye ne-M, zivumela ukuphindaphinda kwezinto zofuzo kanye nokusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kwama-chromosome phakathi nokuhlukaniswa kweseli. Ngamanye amazwi, umjikelezo weseli unesibopho sokugcina ubuqotho be-DNA nokuvimbela amaphutha ekuphindaphindeni, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze ukuzinza kwezakhi zofuzo.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, umjikelezo weseli Idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni okujwayelekile komzimba. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-embryonic, ukulawulwa okulungile komjikelezo weseli kuqinisekisa ukwakheka nokuhlukaniswa okufanele kwezicubu nezitho ezahlukene. Ngokufanayo, ekuvuselelweni kwezicubu zabantu abadala, njengesikhumba noma ulwelwesi lwamathumbu, umjikelezo wamangqamuzana ubalulekile ukuze esikhundleni samangqamuzana amadala noma awonakele kufakwe amaseli amasha nasebenzayo.

Ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli njengento engcuphe yezifo

Ukuphazanyiswa komjikelezo weseli kungaba yisici esinqumayo ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezihlukahlukene. Le nqubo elawulwayo nelawulwayo ibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuvuseleleni izicubu ezinto eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi. Kodwa-ke, lapho umjikelezo weseli ungalingani, ama-pathologies angathi sína kanye nokuphazamiseka kungavela.

Esinye sezifo ezifundwe kakhulu ezihlobene nesifo somjikelezo wamaseli umdlavuza. Ukuguqulwa kofuzo okuthinta izakhi zofuzo ezibalulekile ezihilelekile ekulawuleni umjikelezo wamaseli kungaholela ekwandeni kwamaseli okungalawuleki. Amangqamuzana angavamile nangase abe nomdlavuza aziphindaphinda ngokushesha ngaphandle kwemingcele evamile, akhe izimila ezingahlasela izicubu eziseduze futhi zize zisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ngaphezu komdlavuza, ukuphazamiseka emjikelezweni weseli Kungase futhi kuholele ezifweni ezinjengokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, kanye nezifo ze-autoimmune. Izinkinga emshinini wamangqamuzana obhekene nokulawula umjikelezo weseli zingadala imiphumela emibi eminingi yezempilo, kusukela ekuncipheni kokusebenza kwengqondo kuya ekubhujisweni kwezicubu nezitho ezibalulekile.

Izifo ezihlobene ne-cell cycle disorder: ukubukeka okujulile

Umjikelezo umakhalekhukhwini kuyinqubo kubalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka kulo mjikelezo, izifo eziningi ezinemiphumela emibi yezempilo zingavela. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene ngokuqondile nokuguqulwa komjikelezo wamaseli.

Umdlavuza: I-Cancer ingesinye sezifo ezifundwa kakhulu futhi ezaziwa kakhulu ezihlobene nokuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli. Kulesi sifo, amangqamuzana akhula ngokweqile futhi angalawuleki, akhiqize izimila eziyingozi ezingahlasela izicubu nezitho eziseduze. Lesi simo singabangelwa ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezibalulekile ezilawula umjikelezo weseli, njengama-oncogene kanye nezakhi zofuzo ezicindezela isimila.

Izifo ezizenzakalelayo: Ezinye izifo ze-autoimmune zingahlotshaniswa nokuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli. Kulezi zimo, amasosha omzimba ahlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana anempilo, abangele ukuvuvukala nokulimala kwezicubu nezitho ezihlukahlukene. Izibonelo zezifo ezizimele ezihambisana nokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwamaseli zihlanganisa i-systemic lupus erythematosus kanye ne-multiple sclerosis.

Umdlavuza: omunye wemiphumela eyinhloko ye-cell cycle disorder

Umdlavuza yisifo esibonakala ngokuphazamiseka emjikelezweni weseli, okuholela ekukhuleni kwamaseli okungalawuleki. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungabangelwa izici eziningi, njengokuguquguquka kofuzo, ukuchayeka emagciwaneni omdlavuza, nokungajwayelekile ezindleleni zokulungisa i-DNA. Lapho umjikelezo wamangqamuzana uthinteka, amangqamuzana angahlukana ngokungalawuleki, enze izimila eziyingozi ezingahlasela izicubu eziseduze futhi zisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-metastasis.

Ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli kungabonakala ezigabeni ezihlukene zenqubo yokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli. Omunye wemiphumela eyinhloko yalokhu kuguqulwa ukulahlekelwa ukulawula i-apoptosis, noma ukufa kweseli kuhleliwe. Amangqamuzana avamile ahlelwa ukuba afe lapho ebona umonakalo ku-DNA yawo noma lapho umsebenzi wawo ungasadingeki. Kodwa-ke, kumdlavuza, amaseli anesici agwema i-apoptosis futhi aqhubeke nokuhlukana ngokungalawuleki, okunomthelela ekukhuleni kwesimila.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye umphumela wokuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli ukuntula ukulungiswa okwanele kwe-DNA eyonakele. Lapho umjikelezo weseli usebenza ngendlela efanele, izindlela zokulungisa i-DNA zilungisa ukuguqulwa kofuzo kanye nokulimala kwezakhi zofuzo zeseli. Kodwa-ke, lapho lezi zindlela zingasebenzi, amaphutha anqwabelana ku-DNA, okwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza. Lezi zinguquko zingathinta ukulawulwa komjikelezo wamaseli futhi zicuphe ukwanda okungalawuleki kwamaseli ayingozi.

Izifo ze-Autoimmune kanye nokuxhumana kwazo nokungalingani kumjikelezo weseli

Izifo ze-autoimmune yizifo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana anempilo nezicubu zomzimba. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokungalingani kumjikelezo weseli, inqubo amangqamuzana ahlukanisa ngayo futhi ande ukuze agcine izicubu nezitho zisebenza kahle. Lokhu kungalingani kungadalwa yizizathu ezahlukahlukene, njengofuzo, ukuchayeka esikhungweni esithile semvelo, noma izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Ukuxhumana okubalulekile phakathi kwezifo ze-autoimmune kanye nokungalingani komjikelezo wamaseli kulele ekwandeni kwamaseli okungalawuleki. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, umjikelezo weseli ulawulwa uchungechunge lwezinqubo eziqinisekisa ukukhula nokuhlukana kwamaseli okufanele. Kodwa-ke, ezigulini ezinezifo ezizimele, i-cell cycle hyperactivation iyabonwa, okuholela ekwandeni kwamaseli. Lokhu kungabangela ukwakheka kwezicubu ezingavamile noma izimila, okunomthelela ekuqaliseni nasekuqhubekeleni phambili kwezifo ezizimele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungalingani kumjikelezo weseli kungathinta i-apoptosis, okuyinqubo yokufa kwamaseli Ukufa kweseli okuhleliwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, amaseli awonakele noma angadingekile athola i-apoptosis ukuze aqedwe. Kodwa-ke, ezifweni ze-autoimmune, i-apoptosis iyancipha, okuholela ekuqoqweni kwamaseli angavamile ezicutshini nasezithweni. Lokhu kuqoqwa kungabangela ukusabela komzimba okuphazamisekile futhi kubangele amasosha omzimba ukuba abhubhise amangqamuzana anempilo, ngaleyo ndlela akhulise izimpawu zezifo ezizimele.

Ukubaluleka kokutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuxilongwa okunembile ezifweni zomjikelezo wamaseli

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi:

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kudlala indima ebalulekile ezinkingeni zamaseli. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinkinga azibonisi izimpawu ezicacile ezigabeni zazo zokuqala, okwenza kube nzima ukuxilonga. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhlolwa kokutholwa kusenesikhathi, okufana nokuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuhlolwa kofuzo, kuyenzeka ukuhlonza okungavamile komjikelezo wamangqamuzana ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu ezinzima. Lokhu kuvumela ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi bangenelele ngokushesha, banikeze iziguli ithuba elingcono lokwelashwa okuphumelelayo noma ngisho nokwelapha.

Ukuxilongwa okunembile:

Ukuxilongwa okunembile kubalulekile ekulawuleni kahle ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli. Ukuhlonzwa okunembile kwesifo kanye nesigaba saso esithile kubalulekile ekunqumeni inkambo yokwelashwa ephumelela kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa amasu okuxilonga athuthukile, njengama-biopsies noma ukuhlaziywa kwe-gene expression, odokotela bangathola ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezinguquko kumjikelezo weseli kanye nokwanda kwamaseli okungavamile. Lokhu kubavumela ukuba banqume ubukhulu besifo futhi bakhethe ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kwesiguli ngasinye, okwandisa amathuba okwelashwa okuphumelelayo nokunciphisa imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona.

Izinzuzo zokutholwa kusenesikhathi nokuxilongwa okunembile:

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuxilongwa okunembile kwezinkinga zomjikelezo wamaseli kunezinzuzo eziningi ezigulini. Ngokuhlonza nokwelapha lezi zifo zisencane, izinkinga ezinkulu zingagwenywa futhi izinga lempilo lesiguli libe ngcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi kwandise amazinga okusinda. Ukuxilongwa okunembile nakho kuvumela ukukhethwa kwezindlela zokwelapha eziqondiswe kakhulu futhi eziqondene nomuntu siqu, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kanye nokunciphisa ukuchayeka emithi yokwelapha engadingekile. Kafushane, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuxilongwa okunembile kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nokuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli. ngempumelelo futhi unikeze iziguli umbono ongcono wesikhathi eside wezempilo.

Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ezakhiwe yi-cell cycle disorder

Ekufuneni okuqhubekayo kwezixazululo zezifo ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamangqamuzana, ukuthuthuka kwezokwelapha kuye kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ezinikeza ithemba ezigulini ezithintekile. Lezi zinketho zokwelapha zihlose ukulungisa noma ukulawula ukungalingani kumjikelezo weseli, ngaleyo ndlela kubuyiselwe ukusebenza okuvamile kwamangqamuzana omzimba.

Enye yezindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo ezihlobene nokuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli i-pharmacological therapy. Ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile, inhloso iwukuvimbela ukwanda kwamangqamuzana okungavamile, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukukhula okungalawuleki kwamathumba nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwamangqamuzana. Le mithi isebenza ngokuqondile kumaseli athintekile, iphazamisa ukuhlukana kwamaseli okungavamile kanye nezinqubo zokufa.

Enye indlela yokwelapha esetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekubhekaneni nalezi zifo ukwelapha ngofuzo. Le nqubo ifuna ukulungisa ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli ezingeni lamangqamuzana ngokwethula izakhi zofuzo ezinempilo kumaseli athintekile. Ngale nqubo, ukubonakaliswa okufanele kwezakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile emjikelezweni wamangqamuzana kukhuthazwa, ngaleyo ndlela kubuyiselwe ibhalansi yawo futhi kuvinjwe ukwanda okungalawuleki. Ukwelashwa kwezakhi zofuzo kubonisa ithemba elithembisayo ekulweni nezifo ezihlobene nokuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamangqamuzana, ukuhlinzeka ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha ezigulini ezingaphenduli emithini yokwelapha evamile.

Imibuzo Nezimpendulo

Umbuzo: Kuyini ukuphazamiseka kwe-cell cycle?
A: Ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli kubhekisela kokungajwayelekile ezindleleni ezilawula umjikelezo wokuphila kwamaseli, okuholela ekungalinganini ekwandeni kwawo okuvamile nokuhlukaniswa.

Q: Yiziphi izifo ezakhiwe yi-cell cycle disorder?
A: Izinhlobo eziningana zezifo zingakhula ngenxa yokuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli. Ezinye zezinto ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa umdlavuza, izifo ze-neurodeergenerative, ukuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune, kanye nezifo zenhliziyo.

Q: Kwenzeka kanjani ukuphazamiseka kwe-cell cycle?
IMP: Ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamangqamuzana kungase kubangelwe izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa kofuzo, ukuchayeka ezakhini ezibangela umdlavuza, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukuguqulwa kofuzo okuzuzwe njengefa, nezici zendawo ezungezile.

Q: Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko ezihilelekile ekuphazamisekeni komjikelezo wamaseli?
A: Izindlela eziyinhloko ezihilelekile ku-cell cycle disorder zihlanganisa ukulawulwa okungalungile kwe izindawo zokuhlola umjikelezo weseli, ⁣ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yokulungisa i-DNA kanye nokugxambukela kwezindlela zamaseli ezilawula ukukhula nokufa.

Q: Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli?
IMPENDULO: Yebo, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezehlukene zokwelapha izifo ezakhiwe ngenxa yokuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, i-radiotherapy, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, kanye ne-immunotherapy, phakathi kokunye.

Umbuzo: Ingabe ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihlobene nesifo somjikelezo wamaseli kungavinjelwa?
IMP: Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zifo, kungenzeka ukunciphisa ubungozi ngokuthatha imikhuba yokuphila enempilo, ukugwema ukuchayeka emazingeni omdlavuza, kanye nokuhlola ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi njengokuhlolwa kofuzo noma ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile.

Q: Yini ukubaluleka kokucwaninga nokuqonda ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli?
IMP: Ucwaningo nokuqonda ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli kubalulekile ekusunguleni amasu okwelapha amasha, asebenza ngempumelelo, kanye nokuvimbela nokuhlonza lezi zifo kusenesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda lezi zinguquko kunikeza ukuqonda okuyisisekelo ekusebenzeni kwamaseli kanye nezindlela ezibandakanyekayo ekuthuthukisweni nasekuqhubekeleni phambili kwezifo ezahlukahlukene.

Ukuzindla Kokugcina

Kafushane, izifo ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli ziyisihloko esibaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni webhayoloji nemithi. Njengoba sibonile kuso sonke lesi sihloko, umjikelezo wamangqamuzana uyinqubo ebalulekile yokusebenza kahle nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Nokho, lapho lo mjikelezo uphazamiseka, kungase kuphakame uchungechunge lwezifo ezingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. kwezempilo.

Kusukela kumdlavuza kuya ekuphazamisekeni kofuzo kanye nezifo ze-neurodeergenerative, ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezimpilweni zabantu. Kungakho ukuqonda nokutadisha lezi zifo ngokujulile kubalulekile ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni lezi zifo. ngempumelelo.

Ngenhlanhla, ngenxa yentuthuko ocwaningweni lwesayensi nolwezokwelapha, sifunda kabanzi mayelana nezinqubo ezilawula umjikelezo wamangqamuzana, futhi kuthuthukiswa izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha nokwelapha ukulwa nalezi zifo. Nokho, kusekuningi okufanele ukuthole futhi sikuqonde.

Sengiphetha, ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamaseli kuyindawo ethembisayo neyinselele yokufunda esaqhubeka nokuba yisihloko socwaningo olunzulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi abacwaningi kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo basebenzisane ukuze bandise ulwazi lwethu ngalezi zifo futhi bathole izindlela ezintsha zokuzivimbela, ukuxilonga, kanye nokwelapha. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho singakwazi khona ukunqoba izinselele ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wamangqamuzana futhi sithuthukise izinga lempilo yalabo abathintwe yilezi zifo.