La revocación de mandato Kuyinqubo evumela izakhamizi ukuthi zibeke ukuqhubeka kwesikhulu sikahulumeni enkantolo ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi sazo. Le nqubo, ekhona emazweni amaningana, imele uhlobo lokuziphendulela kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamuzi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zezombusazwe. Odabeni lwaseMexico, ukuhoxiswa kwegunya kwafakwa kuMthethosisekelo Wezombangazwe WaseMelika YaseMexico ngo-2019, ngenhloso yokuqinisa uhlelo lwentando yeningi kanye nokukhuthaza umthwalo wemfanelo wababusi phambi kwezakhamizi.
Ukuhoxiswa kwegunya e-Mexico kwenziwa ngenqubo esungulwe umthetho, ehlanganisa uchungechunge lwezimfuneko nezigaba okufanele zilandelwe ngokuqinile. Okokuqala nje, kuyadingeka ukuthi iphesenti elithile lezakhamuzi licele ukuhoxiswa, okungenziwa ngesikhalazo esisemthethweni kuziphathimandla ezihambisanayo. Ngemva kwalokho, ukubuyekezwa kwesicelo kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi sihlangabezana nezidingo ezimisiwe, njengokuba nenani elincane lamasignesha noma ukusekelwa izakhamuzi ezivela ezifundazweni ezihlukene noma omasipala bezwe.
Uma isicelo sihlangabezana nezidingo, se lleva a cabo isigaba sokusabalalisa kanye nenkulumo-mpikiswano, lapho izakhamizi zaziswa ngezizathu zokuhoxiswa kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamuzi kuthuthukiswa. Lesi sigaba singabandakanya imikhankaso yolwazi, izinkulumo-mpikiswano zomphakathi, noma inhlangano yezinkundla lapho izakhamizi zingazwakalisa ukweseka kwazo noma ukwenqaba isikhulu okukhulunywa ngaso. En esta fase, ifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba sobala kwenqubo nokulingana kwezimo zabo bonke abadlali abathintekayo.
Ekugcineni, iyenziwa ivoti elidumile lapho izakhamuzi zinquma khona ukuthi isikhulu kufanele siqhubeke yini esikhundleni noma kufanele sibuyiselwe esikhundleni Ukuze ukuhoxiswa kuvumeleke, kudingeka ukuthi iphesenti elincane labavoti libambe iqhaza ekuxoxisaneni nokuthi iningi lamavoti livune ukuhoxiswa. Uma ukuhoxiswa kugunyazwa, isikhulu siyaxoshwa futhi izindlela ezisungulelwe ukuvala lesi sikhala ziyasebenza.
Ekuphetheni, ukuchithwa kwegunya Imele ukhiye ukulawula kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi inqubo kumasistimu entando yeningi. EMexico, le nqubo ifakwe kuMthethosisekelo ngenhloso yokuqinisa ukuziphendulela kanye nokuthuthukisa umthwalo wemfanelo wababusi phambi kwezakhamuzi. Ngenqubo elawulwa umthetho, ehlanganisa izigaba ezinjengokufaka isicelo, ukusabalalisa kanye nenkulumo-mpikiswano, nokuvota okudumile, izakhamuzi zingathonya ngokuqondile ukuqhubeka noma ukuxoshwa kwesikhulu sikahulumeni.
1. Incazelo yokuhoxiswa kwegunya
Kulesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe i , inqubo yezombangazwe evumela izakhamuzi ukuba zihoxise igunya lesikhulu esikhethiwe ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi saso. Ukuhoxiswa kwegunya kuwumkhuba wentando yeningi ohlose ukunika izakhamuzi amandla kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuziphendulela kwababusi. Le nqubo ivumela izakhamuzi ukuveza ukunganeliseki kwazo ngokusebenza kwesikhulu futhi zifune izinguquko kuhulumeni.
Ukuhoxiswa kwegunya Kwenziwa ngenqubo yokhetho lapho izakhamuzi zinquma ukuthi ziyathanda yini ukususa isikhulu okukhulunywa ngaso. Ukuze inqubo isebenze, izimfuneko ezithile zomthetho nezinsuku ezimisiwe ziyasungulwa okufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo. Isibonelo, amanye amazwe adinga ukuthi iphesenti elincane labantu lisayine incwadi yezikhalazo ukuze kuqalwe inqubo yokuhoxiswa. Ngemva kwalokho, kubizwa ukhetho lapho izakhamuzi kufanele zivotele noma ziphikisana nokuxoshwa kwesikhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuchithwa kwegunya Akuyona indlela esetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazwe, njengoba ukuqaliswa kwayo kuncike emithethweni kanye nemithethosisekelo yesizwe ngasinye. Kodwa-ke, leli thuluzi lentando yeningi lithole ukuduma eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zisobala nokusebenza ngempumelelo kuhulumeni. Ukuhoxiswa kwegunya futhi kunikeza izakhamizi ithuba lokulungisa amaphutha angaba khona okhethweni lwabameleli bazo kanye nokugqugquzela uhulumeni onomthwalo wemfanelo ozibophezele enhlalakahleni yomphakathi.
2. Izidingo kanye nezinqubo zokwenza ukuhoxiswa kwegunya
Inqubo ye revocación de mandato Kuyindlela evumela izakhamizi ukuthi zicele ukuxoshwa kwesikhulu esikhethiwe ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi sazo. Ukuletha le nqubo ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo, kuyadingeka ukuhambisana nochungechunge lwe izidingo nezinqubo okuqinisekisa ukuba sobala nokuba semthethweni kwenqubo.
Okukodwa kwe izidingo Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala inqubo yokuhoxisa igunya ukuthi kube nephesenti elithile lokusekelwa kwezakhamizi. Lesi sibalo siyahlukahluka ngezwe nemithetho esebenzayo, kodwa ngokuvamile inani elibalulekile lamasignesha liyadingeka ukusekela isicelo. Ukwengeza, kuyadingeka ukuthi amasignesha asuke ezakhamuzini ezibhalisiwe futhi athobele izimfuneko ezithile ezisungulwe iziphathimandla zokhetho.
Uma ukwesekwa kwezakhamuzi okudingekayo sekuqoqiwe, uchungechunge lwezinyathelo kufanele lulandelwe. procedimientos ukwenza ngokusemthethweni isicelo sokuhoxisa igunya. Lokhu kuhilela ukwethulwa kwamadokhumenti adingekayo kuziphathimandla ezinekhono, ezizoba negunya lokubuyekeza ubuqiniso bolwazi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yenziwa ngokuhambisana nomthetho. Ngokulandelayo, kuzokwenziwa isikhathi sokuqoqwa kwesiginesha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwesekwa kwezakhamizi ngesikhathi sangempela.
3. Umthelela wokuhoxiswa kwegunya kuntando yeningi
Ukuhoxiswa kwegunya kuyindlela yentando yeningi evumela izakhamuzi ukuthi zihlole futhi zinqume nokuhlala unomphela kwesikhulu esikhethiwe esikhundleni ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi sazo. Emazweni amaningi, leli thuluzi libhekwa njengokubonakaliswa kobukhosi obudumile kanye nendlela yokuqinisa ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zezombusazwe.
Umthelela wokuhoxiswa kwegunya ubalulekile embusweni wentando yeningi, njengoba ifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ababusi bayaziphendulela futhi banomthwalo wemfanelo kubantu ababakhethile. Le ndlela isebenza njengohlobo lwenkontileka yezepolitiki phakathi kwabameleli nabavoti, iqinisekisa ukuthi izintshisekelo zomphakathi ziyanakekelwa futhi ziyavikelwa. Ukwengeza, inikeza izakhamuzi indlela yokuveza ukunganeliseki kwazo noma ukungaboni ngaso linye nezenzo ezithile noma izinqubomgomo ezisetshenziswa uhulumeni osesikhundleni.
Ukuhoxiswa kwegunya kuveza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zentando yeningi. Okokuqala, ikhuthaza isibopho sababusi ngokudala ugqozi lokuthi bafeze izithembiso zabo zokhetho futhi balawule. ngempumelelo ukwanelisa izidingo zabantu. Okwesibili, kuqinisa ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi ngokuvumela izakhamizi ukuthi zibambe iqhaza ngokubonakalayo ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zezepolitiki. Okokugcina, ikhuthaza ukuba izinto zibe obala nokuziphendulela, njengoba ababusi bazi ukuthi bangasuswa uma bengafezi okulindelwe abavoti. Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ukuze ukuchithwa kwegunya kuphumelele, kubalulekile ukuba nenqubo ecacile nesobala eqinisekisa ukungakhethi nokuba semthethweni ekuhlolweni nasekuvoteni.
4. Izinzuzo kanye nokubi nokuhoxiswa kwegunya njengendlela yokulawula isakhamuzi
I-Recall iyindlela yokulawula izakhamizi evumela abavoti ukuthi basuse isikhulu esikhethiwe ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi sabo. Leli thuluzi lentando yeningi Isetshenziswa emazweni amaningana ukuqinisekisa ukuziphendulela kwabaholi bezepolitiki. Nokho, njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezombangazwe, inobuhle nobubi bayo.
Enye yezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu zokuhoxiswa kwegunya i ukuthi kungenzeka izakhamuzi zibe nokulawula okukhulu phezu kwabameleli bazo. Ohlelweni lwentando yeningi abavoti yibona abanikeza izikhulu ezikhethiwe amandla, ngakho kufanele babe nelungelo lokuwaphuca uma bekholwa ukuthi abawenzi umsebenzi wabo. Ukuhoxiswa kwegunya kunikeza izakhamizi indlela yokuveza ukunganeliseki kwazo futhi kugqugquzele ukuziphendulela ekuphathweni komphakathi.
Ngokolunye uhlangothi, Ububi obukhulu bokuhoxiswa kwegunya ukuthi kungenzeka kube nokuntengantenga kwezepolitiki.. Uma ababusi behlale besongelwa ngokuhoxiswa kwegunya labo, bangase benze izinqumo ezithandwa abantu abaningi noma ezingalindelekile ukuze bazivikele, kunokuba bathathe izinyathelo ezisekelwe kulokho okuhloswe ngakho. emphakathini, okungaba nemiphumela emibi ekuzinzeni kwezombangazwe nezenhlalo.
5. Okuhlangenwe nakho okuyimpumelelo kokuhoxiswa kwegunya kwamanye amazwe
Emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, ukuhoxiswa kwegunya sekuphenduke ithuluzi elisebenzayo lokuziphendulela kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi. Elinye lamacala agqame kakhulu iBrazil, lapho ukuhoxiswa kwegunya kwethulwa khona ngo-2015. Umthetho ubeka ukuthi uma inani elithile lezakhamizi lisayina isicelo sokuhoxiswa kwegunya lesikhulu esikhethiwe, kuyobizwa inhlolovo lapho abavoti bazonquma ukuthi isikhulu kufanele sisuswe. Lesi sinyathelo siqinise intando yeningi yase-Brazil, sivumela izakhamizi ukuthi zibe nezwi elisebenzayo kuhulumeni.
Kwesinye isibonelo, eNdiya ukuhoxiswa kwegunya kwaqaliswa ezingeni likahulumeni wasekhaya. Izakhamizi zinamandla okuxosha abamele umasipala uma zibona ukuthi azifezi ngokwanele izibopho zazo. Le nqubo ikhuthaze ukuba sobala okukhulu nokusebenza kahle ekuphathweni komphakathi ezingeni lendawo, njengoba izikhulu ezikhethiwe zizimisele kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nokulindelwe yizakhamuzi ukuze zigweme ukubuyiselwa esikhundleni.
Ngokufanayo, eSouth Korea uhlelo lokuhoxiswa kwegunya selusetshenziswe ezingeni likamongameli. Ngaphansi kwalo mthetho, uma izakhamuzi eziningi zisayina incwadi yezikhalazo ezicela ukuthi umengameli asuswe esikhundleni, kubizwa inhlolovo lapho abavoti bazonquma ukuthi kufanele abuyiselwe esikhundleni. Lesi sinyathelo sibonakale sisebenza ngempumelelo ekuqinisekiseni ukuziphendulela kwabaholi bezepolitiki, njengoba ukwesaba ukuhoxiswa sekuholele ekutheni omongameli bathathe izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi benze izinto ngendlela ezuzisa umphakathi.
Sengiphetha, bakhombisa amandla aleli thuluzi lokuqinisa intando yeningi kanye nokukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu kwezakhamizi. Izindlela ezisungulwe eBrazil, e-India naseNingizimu Korea zivumele izakhamuzi ukuthi zibe nokulawula okukhulu phezu kwabameleli bazo abakhethiwe futhi zikhuthaze ukuba sobala okukhulu nokuziphendulela kuhulumeni. Lezi zibonelo zingasebenza njengesikhuthazo kwamanye amazwe afuna ukusebenzisa ukuhoxiswa kwegunya njengendlela yokuqinisa uhlelo lwawo lwezombangazwe.
6. Ukuhoxiswa kwegunya njengethuluzi lokukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi
Ukuhoxiswa kwegunya kuyithuluzi elisungulwe uMthethosisekelo ukugqugquzela ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi emkhakheni wezepolitiki. Lesi sibalo sivumela izakhamizi ukuthi zixoshe isikhulu sikahulumeni ngaphambi kokuphela kwegunya lazo uma zibona ukuthi azifinyeleli kulokho okulindelekile kanye nezibopho ezitholwe ngesikhathi somkhankaso wazo wokhetho.. Kuwuhlobo lokuziphendulela kanye nokuhlonyiswa kwezakhamuzi, okuhloswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abamele abakhethiwe benza ngokuvumelana nezintshisakalo nezidingo zabantu.
Ukuze ukuhoxiswa kwegunya kwenziwe, kuyadingeka ukulandela inqubo emisiwe. Okokuqala, amaphesenti athile ezakhamizi kudingeka ukuthi asayine incwadi yezikhalazo ecela ukuhoxiswa kwegunya lesikhulu okukhulunywa ngaso.. Lesi sicelo kufanele sethulwe endikimbeni yokhetho ehambisanayo, ezoqinisekisa ubuqiniso bamasignesha futhi iqale inqubo. Okulandelayo, kuzoboniswana nezakhamizi lapho abavoti kufanele banqume ukuthi bayafisa yini ukuhoxisa igunya lesikhulu. Esimeni lapho iningi livota livumelana nokuhoxiswa, isikhulu Siyosuswa esikhundleni saso futhi kufakwe omunye esikhundleni sakhe. izofunwa.
Ukuhoxiswa kwegunya kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa umthwalo wemfanelo wezikhulu zikahulumeni kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zezombusazwe. Ivumela izakhamuzi ukuthi zibe nokulawula okukhulu phezu kwabameleli bazo futhi iqinisekise ukuthi benza okuthile ukuze kuzuze umphakathi futhi bafeze izibopho zabo.. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi le nqubo yenziwe ngendlela esobala nelungile, kugwenywe noma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhohlisa noma ububi obungalimaza imiphumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukusabalalisa ulwazi olucacile nolunembayo mayelana nokuhoxiswa kwegunya, ukuze izakhamuzi zikwazi ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi ngendlela efanele futhi ngaleyo ndlela zibe negalelo ekwakhiweni kwentando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza neqinile.
7. Izincomo zokuqinisa kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo yokuhoxiswa kwegunya
La revocación de mandato Kuyinqubo lapho izakhamuzi zivunyelwa ukuthi zihlole ukusebenza kwabameleli bazo bezepolitiki ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi sabo. Ukuze uqinise futhi uthuthukise le nqubo, kunconywa ukucabangela izincomo ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuba sobala kanye nokufinyelela olwazini: Kubalulekile ukuthi kuqaliswe izindlela eziqinisekisa ukucaca ekusebenzeni kwezikhulu zikahulumeni. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, kufanele kusungulwe izinyathelo ezivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zithole ulwazi oluphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuphathwa kukahulumeni ngendlela ecacile nelula.
2. Ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi: Ukubamba iqhaza okubonakalayo kwezakhamizi kubalulekile ukuze kuqiniswe inqubo yokuhoxiswa kwegunya. Izindlela ezikhuthaza ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zezombusazwe kufanele zithuthukiswe, njengokubonisana okudumile, ukulalelwa kwezikhalazo zomphakathi kanye nezikhalazo. Ngale ndlela, ukuba semthethweni okukhulu kuzoqinisekiswa ohlelweni futhi izakhamizi zizovunyelwa ukuba neqhaza elibonakalayo ekuhloleni nasekuphenduleni kwabameleli bazo.
3. Ukuhlola inhloso kanye nemibandela ecacile: Ukuze kugwenywe ukuxhashazwa kwezombusazwe kanye nokuqinisekisa inqubo enobulungiswa nelinganayo, kuyadingeka ukusungula indlela ecacile nenenjongo yokuhlola ukusebenza kwezikhulu zikahulumeni. Lezi zindlela zokuhlola kufanele zisekelwe ezinkomba ezilinganisekayo nezingaqinisekiswa, ezivumela ukuhlolwa okusobala nokungachemi. Ukwengeza, izindlela zokuqapha kanye nokuziphendulela kufanele zisungulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlola iyasetshenziswa. ngempumelelo ukuze kuthathwe izinqumo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kukahulumeni.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.