Kuyini ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi?

Kuyini ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi? Ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi kusho ukuxhumana kwamasignali, idatha, noma ulwazi ngamasathelayithi okwenziwa ku-orbit azungeze. woMhlabaLe ndlela yokudlulisa isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besathelayithi ukuze idlulise amasiginali alalelwayo, amavidiyo kanye nedatha ebangeni elide, okuyenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxhumana emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuthunyelwa kwesathelayithi kusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, njengokuxhumana ngocingo, ithelevishini yesathelayithi, ukuzulazula kwe-GPS, i-meteorology, nocwaningo lwesayensi.

Emshinini wesathelayithi, Ulwazi luthunyelwa lusuka endaweni lapho luvela khona luye kusathelayithi ku-orbitIsiginali ibe isidluliselwa kabusha endaweni okuyiwa kuyo kwenye indawo eMhlabeni. Lokhu kufezwa kusetshenziswa amagagasi kagesi adluliswa esuka othini lwaphansi aye kwisathelayithi. Isathelayithi yamukela futhi ikhulise isignali bese iyidlulisela eMhlabeni ngolunye uthi. Lesi siginali singase sibanjwe futhi ngothi lwaphansi bese lusetshenzwa ukuze lusetshenziswe.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokudluliselwa kwesathelayithi yikhono labo loku ukunqoba imikhawulo yendawo kanye nebanga Ngokungafani namanethiwekhi asemhlabeni, asebenza ngezintambo noma i-fiber optics, amasathelayithi okwenziwa angakwazi ukumboza izindawo ezinkulu futhi afinyelele izifunda ezikude lapho ingqalasizinda yezokuxhumana inomkhawulo noma ingekho khona. Lokhu kwenza ukuthunyelwa kwesathelayithi kube usizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, zasolwandle, noma ezinezintaba.

La ubuchwepheshe besathelayithi Isithuthuke kakhulu futhi yaba yinkimbinkimbi ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Amasathelayithi afakwe izinhlelo zokwamukela nokudlulisa amandla aphezulu, kanye nezimpondo eziqondisayo ezivumela ukuxhumana okusebenzayo nokuthembekile. Ukwengeza, inqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokucindezelwa kwedatha yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukudlulisa ulwazi oluningi ngamasathelayithi, okuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinsizakalo ezinjengokusakazwa kwethelevishini kanye ne-inthanethi ephezulu.

Kafushane, ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi kuyindlela yokuxhumana esebenzisa amasathelayithi okwenziwa ukuze athumele amasiginali, idatha, nolwazi ngamagagasi kagesi. Lobu buchwepheshe bunqoba imikhawulo yendawo kanye nebanga yokuxhumana komhlaba, ukufinyelela ezindaweni eziqhelile nokuhlinzeka ngezokuxhumana, umabonakude, nezinye izinsiza. Ubuchwepheshe besathelayithi buye bavela futhi baba yinkimbinkimbi, buvumela ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nokuthembekile emhlabeni jikelele.

1. Isingeniso sokudluliswa kwesathelayithi

A ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi Isho inqubo yokuthumela idatha, umsindo, noma amasignali wevidiyo ngesathelayithi kumamukeli osemhlabeni. Lolu hlobo lokudlulisa seluyithuluzi elibalulekile ezimbonini eziningi, njengezokuxhumana, ithelevishini nomsakazo. Amasathelayithi asebenza njengeziphindaphindayo emkhathini, athwebula futhi aphinde adlulisele amasignali endaweni ebanzi ehlanganisa indawo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-satellite transmission kunezinzuzo eziningi. Enye yezinto eziyinhloko yi- ukumbozwa komhlaba wonke ukuthi banikele. Amasathelayithi angadlulisela amasignali kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba, okuwenza abe inketho ekhethwayo yokusakaza imicimbi ebukhoma, njengamakhonsathi, imiqhudelwano yezemidlalo, noma izingqungquthela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi akuvimbeli imingcele yendawo futhi kungafinyelela ezindaweni ezikude lapho ingekho khona ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana emhlabeni.

Inqubo yokudlulisela ngesathelayithi ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: i ukudluliswa kwe-uplink kanye ukudluliswa kwe-downlinkI-Uplink ibhekisela ekuthumeleni amasiginali ukusuka esiteshini esiphansi kuya kusathelayithi, kuyilapho i-downlink ihilela ukuthumela amasignali asuka kusathelayithi kuya kwabemukeli abasemhlabeni. Phakathi nalezi zigaba, amasignali aguqulelwa kumafrikhwensi athile futhi ashintshwe ukuze adluliselwe emkhathini. Ukwengeza, amasathelayithi asebenzisa izimpondo eziningi namashaneli ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesiginali nokuqinisekisa ukudluliswa okuthembekile.

2. Ukusebenza kokudluliswa kwesathelayithi

A ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi Iwuhlelo lwezokuxhumana olusebenzisayo iziphuphutheki zokwenziwa ukuthumela nokwamukela amasiginali alalelwayo, amavidiyo kanye nedatha. Lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe lusetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni lapho ukuxhumana okusemhlabeni kunzima noma kubiza ukukusebenzisa. Amasathelayithi asebenza njenge abaphindaphinda isikhala elamukela isignali ethunyelwe esiteshini esingaphansi bese iphinde iyidlulisele kwesinye isiteshi esingaphansi endaweni ehlukile.

El ukusebenza Ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi kusekelwe ochungechungeni lokuxhumana olubandakanya izigaba ezahlukahlukene. Okokuqala, amasignali athunyelwa emthonjeni, njengekhamera yethelevishini noma umbhobho, ngokusebenzisa a esiteshini saphansi kuze kufike ku- isathelayithiLapho isisemkhathini, isathelayithi ikhulisa futhi idlulisele kabusha amasignali kweyodwa noma ngaphezulu iziteshi zokwamukela phansi etholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Amasathelayithi asetshenziswa kumasathelayithi aklanyelwe ukuzungeza Umhlaba ngendlela i-geostationary orbit, okusho ukuthi Ahlala esesimweni esimisiwe phezu kwenkabazwe. Lokhu kuvumela amasiginali ukuthi adluliselwe ngokukhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi, njengoba iziteshi ezingaphansi akudingeki zihlale zilungisa ukuma kwazo ukuze zithole isignali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasathelayithi afakwe ama-antenna ezivumela ukuthi zamukele futhi zidlulise amasignali amaningi kokubili, okwandisa amakhono abo okuxhumana.

3. Izicelo kanye nezinzuzo zokudluliswa kwesathelayithi

Ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi Isathelayithi isho ukudluliselwa kwamasignali nedatha ngesathelayithi ezungeza Umhlaba. Lawa ma-transmission asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezehlukene, kusukela kwezokuxhumana ngocingo kuya ekusakazweni kwethelevishini nomsakazo. Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zamasathelayithi amandla azo okufinyelela ezindaweni ezikude lapho ingqalasizinda yasemhlabeni inomkhawulo noma ingekho.

Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu Okunye okuvame kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwesathelayithi ithelevishini yesathelayithi. Izimpawu zikamabonakude zingadluliswa zisuka esiteshini sasemhlabeni ziye kusathelayithi bese zidluliselwa ezitsheni zesathelayithi ezindlini. Lokhu kuvumela abantu abasezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma ezikude ukuthi bafinyelele iziteshi nezinhlelo eziningi ezikhethiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunyelwa kwesathelayithi kunikeza isithombe esiphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yomsindo uma kuqhathaniswa namasignali endabuko asemhlabeni, okuthuthukisa umuzwa wokubuka.

Esinye isicelo esibalulekile sokudluliswa kwesathelayithi ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke. Amabhizinisi nezinhlangano zisebenzisa lokhu kuthunyelwa ukusungula amanethiwekhi okuxhumana emhlabeni wonke. Amasathelayithi avumela ukudluliswa kwezwi, idatha, kanye nevidiyo imbala. isikhathi sangempelaLokhu kusiza ukuxhumana kwesikhathi sangempela phakathi kwamagatsha ahlukene noma ozakwethu bebhizinisi abasezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphuthumayo noma ezimbonini ezidinga ukuxhumana njalo nokuvikelekile.

Kafushane, ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi kuwubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene nobunamandla obuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinzuzo ezahlukahlukene. Kusukela kumabonakude wesathelayithi kuya ekuxhumaneni komhlaba wonke, lokhu kusakazwa kuvumela ukufinyelela olwazini nasezinsizeni ezindaweni ezikude lapho ingqalasizinda yasemhlabeni inomkhawulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banikeza isithombe esiphezulu nekhwalithi yomsindo futhi basiza ukuxhumana ngesikhathi sangempela emhlabeni wonke.

4. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudluliswa kwesathelayithi

A ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi Kubhekiselwa ekuxhumaneni komsindo, ividiyo, noma amasignali edatha athunyelwa esuka endaweni yomthombo ngesathelayithi emkhathini bese etholwa kwenye indawo eshiwo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze ukuthunyelwa kwesathelayithi ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukene kanye nezicelo. Ngezansi, ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokudluliselwa kwesathelayithi nezici zazo eziyinhloko zizochazwa kabanzi:

Ukusakaza Okuqondile Kuya Ekhaya (DTH): Lolu hlobo lokudlulisa lusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yethelevishini yesathelayithi. Ivumela ababukeli ukuthi bathole amasiginali kamabonakude nomsakazo ngqo ezindlini zabo ngesitsha sesathelayithi. Ukudluliswa kwenziwa kusuka kwisathelayithi kuya kumamukeli wethelevishini. ekhaya kusuka kumsebenzisi, ngaphandle kwesidingo sezintambo ezengeziwe. Lokhu kunikeza inani elikhulu lamashaneli kanye nokufakwa okubanzi.

I-Uplink ne-downlink: Lolu hlobo lokudlulisa lusetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni ngesathelayithi ukuthumela nokwamukela amasignali. I-uplink ibhekisela ekuthumeleni amasignali ukusuka esiteshini esiphansi kuya kusathelayithi emkhathini. I-downlink, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhekisela ekwamukeleni amasignali asuka kusathelayithi aya esiteshini esithile esingaphansi. Lolu hlobo lokudlulisa lusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezifana nocingo oluphathwayo, ezokuxhumana ezempi, nasekusakazweni kwethelevishini emhlabeni jikelele.

5. Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho ukhetha ukuthunyelwa kwesathelayithi

Ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi Isathelayithi ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obusebenzisa amasathelayithi okwenziwa ukuthumela amasiginali omsindo, ividiyo, noma idatha endaweni ethile eMhlabeni. Lobu buchwepheshe buye benza izinguquko endleleni esixhumana ngayo futhi sifinyelela ulwazi emhlabeni wonke. Lapho ukhetha ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule ukuze uqinisekise ukuxhumana okuthembekile kanye ikhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko kokuqala Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukunquma inhloso yokudluliswa kwesathelayithi. Ingabe ufuna ukusakaza imicimbi ebukhoma, ukuxhumana namagatsha akude, noma ukufinyelela okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia kwekhwalithi ephezulu? Ngokuya ngezidingo zakho, uzodinga ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lokudluliswa kwesathelayithi. Kukhona ama-unidirectional transmission akuvumela kuphela ukuthi uthole ulwazi kanye nokudluliswa kwe-bidirectional okuvumela kokubili ukuthola nokudlulisa idatha.

Esinye isici esibalulekile Ukumbozwa kwesathelayithi namandla okucatshangelwa okubalulekile. Njengoba amasathelayithi atholakala emkhathini, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala okwanele endaweni yangakini. Ukwengeza, kufanele uhlole amandla esethelayithi okusingatha umthamo wedatha ofisa ukuyidlulisela noma ukuyithola. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlela ukusebenzisa ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi ukusakaza bukhoma noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi ezidinga umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu. Ucwaningo olunzulu ngabahlinzeki besevisi yesathelayithi nengqalasizinda etholakalayo kubalulekile ekwenzeni isinqumo esingcono kakhulu.

Kafushane, lapho ukhetha a ukudluliswa kwesathelayithiKubalulekile ukucabangela inhloso yokudlulisa, ukumbozwa, kanye nomthamo wesathelayithi. Ukuhlola lokhu okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile kuzokusiza ukuthi ukhethe inketho efanelekela izidingo zakho. Khumbula ukuthi akuwona wonke ukuthunyelwa kwesathelayithi okufanayo, ngakho-ke kufanele ucwaninge futhi uqhathanise izinketho ezitholakalayo. emakethe ukuthola isevisi engcono kakhulu. Ukuthumela okuthembekile, okusezingeni eliphezulu kwesathelayithi kunganikeza uxhumano lomhlaba wonke kanye nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

6. Ukuqaliswa kokudluliswa kwesathelayithi okuphumelelayo

La Lokhu kusho inqubo yokusungula nokugcina inethiwekhi yokuxhumana kusetshenziswa amasathelayithi okwenziwa ku-Earth orbit. Ngalolu hlelo, ulwazi lungadluliselwa ngokushesha nangokuthembekile ezindaweni ezahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Nokho, ukuze kuzuzwe ukudluliselwa ngempumelelo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amasu ahlukene futhi ucabangele izici ezihlukahlukene.

Eyodwa eyinhloko⁢ izici okufanele zicatshangelwe kweyi ukukhetha okufanele kwemvamisa yokudluliselaKunamabhendi efrikhwensi ahlukene asetshenziselwa ukusakazwa kwesathelayithi, njenge-C, Ku, kanye ne-Ka. Ngayinye inezinzuzo kanye nokubi, njengokungena komkhathi, ukuphazamiseka, nokutholakala komkhawulokudonsa. Ukukhetha ibhendi yefrikhwensi efanele kubalulekile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zokudlulisela.

Okunye isici esibalulekile ekudluliselweni kwesathelayithi okuphumelelayo yi-⁢ ukusetshenziswa kwamasu okucindezela idathaNgenxa yemikhawulo yomkhawulokudonsa wezinhlelo zesathelayithi, kubalulekile ukunciphisa usayizi wedatha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ikhwalithi yokudlulisela. Ukucindezelwa kwedatha kuvumela ukwehlisa inani lolwazi oludluliswayo, okuholela ekutheni a ukusebenza kahle okukhulu ngokuya ngesivinini kanye nokusetshenziswa komkhawulokudonsa otholakalayo. Kunama-algorithms ahlukene wokucindezela atholakalayo, afana ne-MPEG ne-JPEG, angasetshenziswa kuye ngohlobo lolwazi okufanele ludluliselwe.

7. Ukugcinwa nokuphepha kwezinhlelo zokudlulisa isathelayithi

I ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi Kuyindlela yokuxhumana esetshenziswayo iziphuphutheki zokwenziwa ukuthumela nokwamukela amasiginali omsindo, ividiyo, nedatha ebangeni elide. satellite transmission systems Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nasezindaweni ezikude lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zokuxhumana zasemhlabeni. Lezi zinhlelo ziphinde zisetshenziselwe ukudlulisa izimpawu zikamabonakude nezomsakazo ezweni lonke nasemhlabeni jikelele.

El ukulungiswa kwe satellite transmission systems Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kubandakanya ukwenza a ukuqapha okuqhubekayo zamasathelayithi ku-orbit, yenza ukuhlolwa kokusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile futhi enze ukulungisa noma ukushintshwa kwemishini njengoba kudingeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukwenza izibuyekezo zesofthiwe ukugcina ukuphepha kwezinhlelo kanye nokuzivikela ezinsongweni ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-inthanethi.

I ukuphepha kwe satellite transmission systems Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi. Ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwezokuxhumana, kusetshenziswa amasu kubethelwe ezivikela idatha edluliselwe emizamweni engaba khona yokunqamula abantu abangagunyaziwe besithathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okulandelayo kuyasetshenziswa amaphrothokholi wokuqinisekisa ukuze uqinisekise ubunikazi bomsebenzisi futhi uvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumasistimu. Izipele ezivamile zedatha ezigcinwe kumasathelayithi nazo zenziwa ukuze kuvikelwe ekulahlekeni noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini.