Lapho kwasungulwa khona umakhalekhukhwini.

Isibuyekezo sokugcina: 30/08/2023
Umbhali: USebastian Vidal

Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kuye kwashintsha indlela esixhumana ngayo, futhi enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu kuguquka kwaba ukusungulwa komakhalekhukhwini. Namuhla, leli thuluzi elibalulekile lisezandleni zezigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, lisivumela ukuthi sishaye izingcingo, thumela imiyalezo futhi ufinyelele ku-inthanethi noma nini, noma kuphi. Kodwa ingabe wake wazibuza ukuthi lesi simangaliso sokuxhumana savelaphi? Kulesi sihloko sezobuchwepheshe, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe indawo lapho umakhalekhukhwini wasungulwa khona kanye nama-protagonists ayinhloko ngemuva kwalokhu kudalwa okumangalisayo.

Umsuka weselula

Ihlehlela emuva maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, lapho intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iqala ukwenza ukuxhumana okungenantambo okude kube nokwenzeka. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, amasistimu nobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene kwathuthukiswa futhi kwapheleliswa okwabeka isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwamadivayisi eselula esiwaziyo namuhla.

Esinye sezigigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni weselula kwaba ukusungulwa kocingo lokuqala oluphathwayo, olwaziwa nge-Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, ngo-1983. Lo mshini, owawunesisindo sekhilogremu eyodwa, waphawula ukuqala kwenkathi entsha ezokuxhumana, njengoba ivumele abantu ukuthi bashaye izingcingo noma yikuphi⁢ ngaphandle kokudinga⁤ ukuxhunywa kulayini yocingo yasendlini.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amafoni omakhalekhukhwini avela ngokushesha, ahlanganiswa, alula futhi asebenza ngezindlela eziningi. Ukwethulwa ⁤ kobuchwepheshe bedijithali kanye ⁤ukuvela kwamanethiwekhi eselula anamandla amakhulu, afana ne-2G, 3G, 4G kanye ne-5G njengamanje, kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka hhayi kuphela ukushaya izingcingo, kodwa nokuthumela imiyalezo, ukuhlola i-inthanethi, ukuthatha izithombe. , dlala umculo namavidiyo, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi eminingi.

Isizinda esingokomlando sokusungulwa

Kulesi sigaba kuzokwethulwa ⁤isizinda somlando esiholele ekusungulweni esaziyo namuhla. Le nqubo ibuyela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka amaningana, lapho ukubonakaliswa kokuqala komqondo okwagcina ukubonakala kutholakala.

Ngekhulu le-15, uLeonardo u-da Vinci Ube ngomunye wabokuqala owaveza futhi waphakamisa imiqondo eyisisekelo eyabangela lokhu kusungulwa kwezinguquko. Amakhono akhe okubuka kanye nengqondo yakhe entsha yamvumela ukuba aklame izimiso eziyisisekelo ezavula indlela yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.

Kamuva, ekhulwini le-19, kwaba nentuthuko ebalulekile ekuqondweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwalezi zimiso. Ososayensi nabahloli abafana no-Charles Babbage, u-Ada Lovelace kanye no-Alan Turing baqala ukuthuthukisa imiqondo eyinhloko eyenza kube lula ukuvela kokusungulwayo. ⁤Phakathi kwale mibono kukhona i-programming logic, ukudalwa kwemishini yokubala kanye nama-algorithms okuqala.

Ukuthuthukiswa nokudalwa kwemodeli yokuqala

Esinye sezigaba ezibalulekile⁢ kuso sizobandakanya ukwenza ucwaningo olubanzi⁢ lokungenzeka. Ngalesi sigaba, kuzokwenziwa uphenyo oluningiliziwe ukuze kutholwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe nezomnotho. Izinsiza ezikhona, ezezimali kanye nabantu, zizohlolwa futhi kubonakale izithiyo ezingase zivele ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa.

Uma isigaba sokucwaninga okungenzeka sesiqediwe, sizoqhubeka siye esigabeni sokuklama imodeli yokuqala. Lapha, imibono yokuqala kanye nemiqondo izovezwa ochungechungeni lwama-prototypes namamodeli. Amathuluzi okuklama athuthukile azosetshenziswa ukwenza imodeli nokulingisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzokwenziwa ukuhlolwa nokuhlola okubanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imodeli yokugcina ihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ezimisiwe kanye nokulindelwe.

Esinye isici esibalulekile kuzoba ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele. Kuzokwenziwa ucwaningo olunzulu ukuze kutholakale izinto ezifanele kakhulu mayelana nokuqina, amandla kanye nezindleko. Ukwengeza, izici ezifana nokusimama kanye nomthelela wemvelo zizobhekwa. Uma izinto zokwakha sezikhethiwe, kuzokwenziwa inqubo yokukhiqiza elawulwayo nenembayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuvumelana kwemodeli yokuqala.

Abaqambi abakhulu abahilelekile

Emkhakheni wokusungula izinto, ososayensi abambalwa abavelele bashiye umthelela ohlala njalo nobalulekile. Ngezansi, sikwethulela kwabanye balabo ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha:

Nikola Tesla: Lo njiniyela kagesi wayeyingqalabutho ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhuthazeni amasistimu amanje ashintshanayo ekhulwini le-19. Imikhiqizo yakhe ephawulekayo ihlanganisa ikhoyili yeTesla kanye nokudluliswa kwamandla angenantambo. U-Tesla naye waqashelwa ngomsebenzi wakhe emkhakheni kagesi nokukhanyisa.

UThomas Edison: Eyaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi uyise kagesi, u-Edison wayenesibopho sokusungula izinguquko ezifana nesibani se-incandescent kanye negramafoni. Ukugxila kwakhe ekuhloleni nasekusebenziseni imibono ngendlela engokoqobo kwamenza waba omunye wabasunguli abanethonya elikhulu emlandweni.

UMarie Curie: Lo sosayensi odumile wasePoland waphawulwa ngocwaningo lwakhe lokuqala lwe-radioactivity. Kwakungu umuntu wokuqala ukuthola imiklomelo kaNobel emibili, eyodwa ku-physics kanye nenye kukhemistri. Lokho akuthola kwabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-radiotherapy kanye nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe be-X-ray.

Izici kanye nokusebenza kweselula yokuqala

Umakhalekhukhwini wokuqala uyisimangaliso sobuchwepheshe obuguqule indlela esikhuluma ngayo. Le divayisi iphrezenta uchungechunge lwezici nokusebenza okuyenza ihluke futhi isebenze kahle kakhulu.

Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zeselula yokuqala ukuphatheka kwayo. Ngosayizi ohlangene futhi ongasindi, le divayisi ingaphathwa kalula ephaketheni noma esikhwameni sakho, okukuvumela ukuthi uhlale uxhumekile kungakhathaliseki indawo.

Okunye ukusebenza yikhono lokushaya nokwamukela izingcingo. Ngohlelo lwayo lwe-antenna kanye nekhadi le-SIM, umakhalekhukhwini wokuqala⁢ ikuvumela ukuthi usungule ukuxhumana ngezwi ngesikhathi sangempela, okwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxhumana nomndeni, abangani nozakwenu.

Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe evumele ukusungulwa kwayo

Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe idlale indima ebalulekile ekusungulweni kwalobu buchwepheshe obusha. Lapha sethula ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile ezivumele ukudalwa kwayo:

1. ⁢Ukwenziwa okuncane kwezingxenye: Ukunciphisa usayizi wezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kwakubalulekile ekufezeni ukudalwa kwalobu buchwepheshe. Intuthuko ku-nanotechnology kanye ne-microelectronics ivumele amadivaysi ukuthi abe mancane kakhulu futhi abe lula, okwenza ukudalwa kwalokhu okusunguliwe kwenzeke.

Okuqukethwe okukhethekile - Chofoza Lapha  Umakhalekhukhwini Wamaphephadonga Izimbali

2. Ukuthuthuka kwekhono lokucubungula: Amandla okucubungula amakhompyutha akhule kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Lokhu kuvumele lobu buchwepheshe ukuthi busebenzise ngokugcwele amandla ekhompuyutha wamadivayisi aku- lokho kusetshenziswa, ukuzuza imiphumela enembe kakhulu nesebenza kahle.

3. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana: Ukuthuthukiswa⁤ kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana okungenazintambo kwenze kwaba lula ukudluliswa kwedatha ngokushesha nangokuvikelekile. Lobu buchwepheshe ⁢ buhlomula ekuthuthukisweni kokuxhumana, okuvumela⁢ ukudluliswa kolwazi olusebenza kahle noluthembekile.

Umthelela kanye nokufaneleka kokusungulwa komakhalekhukhwini emphakathini

Umthelela kanye nokufaneleka kokusungulwa kweselula emphakathini Zibe zinkulu, ziguqula indlela esixhumana ngayo nokuxhumana nomhlaba osizungezile. Ngezansi eminye yemiphumela eyinhloko lokhu kusungulwa okube nayo ezindaweni ezahlukene:

1. Comunicación instantánea: Umakhalekhukhwini uvumele abantu ukuthi bahlale bexhumekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, bephula imigoqo yendawo kanye neyesikhashana. Ngenxa yalokhu okusunguliwe, singakwazi ukuxhumana ngokushesha nomndeni, abangani nozakwethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikuphi. Lokhu kwenze kwaba lula ukudidiyela imisebenzi kanye nokuthathwa kwezinqumo ezisheshayo emsebenzini nasezinhlakeni zomuntu siqu.

2. Ukufinyelela olwazini nasezinsizeni: ⁢ Omakhalekhukhwini basinika ukufinyelela kumasevisi ahlukahlukene e-inthanethi nezisetshenziswa. Singacinga ulwazi, senze imisebenzi yasebhange, sithenge imikhiqizo, sibuke amafilimu futhi silalele umculo, phakathi kwezinye izinto eziningi. Lokhu kuguqule indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nomhlaba wedijithali futhi kwenze kwaba lula ukufinyelela ulwazi namasevisi, ngisho nasemiphakathini ekude.

3. Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho nenhlalakahle: Ukusungulwa komakhalekhukhwini kukhuphule intuthuko yezomnotho nezenhlalakahle emazweni amaningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhiqize imakethe enkulu yokuthengisa⁤ kanye⁣ nokuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi eselula,⁢ kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo namasevisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yenze lula ukufakwa kwedijithali ngokunikeza ukufinyelela kwezokuxhumana kanye nobuchwepheshe emikhakheni yabantu ebikade ingafinyeleli kubo. Lokhu kube nomthelela ekwehliseni ukuhlukana kwedijithali nokwenza ngcono ukuxhumana ezifundeni ezihlukene zomhlaba.

Izicelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuqala komakhalekhukhwini

Iselula, eyaziwa nangokuthi iselula noma i-smartphone, isiguqule indlela umphakathi oxhumana ngayo nokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza nokusetshenziswa kokuqala kuye kwathuthukiswa la madivayisi ahlukahlukene. Ngezansi kukhona izibonelo eziphawulekayo lapho omakhalekhukhwini bathole uhlelo lokusebenza futhi baba semqoka kubantu abaningi:

- Ukuxhumana kwesikhathi sangempela: Umsebenzi oyinhloko weselula ukuvumela ukuxhumana phakathi ⁢kwabantu ngabanye, kungaba ngezingcingo zezwi noma imiyalezo. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ama-smartphone aphinde avumela ukuxhumana kwesikhathi sangempela ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo esheshayo, njenge-WhatsApp noma iTelegram, okuvumela abantu ukuthi bathumele imiyalezo, izithombe, amavidiyo kanye nemibhalo ngokushesha nangempumelelo.

- Ukuphequlula iwebhu kanye ⁢nokufinyelela olwazini: ⁤omakhalekhukhwini banikeze ukufinyelela okulula nokusheshayo kuwebhu kanye nalo lonke⁤ ulwazi olutholakala ku-inthanethi. Ngokuphequlula izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Chrome noma i-Safari, abasebenzisi bangasesha ulwazi, bafunde izindaba, bafinyelele amanethiwekhi omphakathi futhi upheqa amawebhusayithi ngokunethezeka kwefoni yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uxhumano lwe-inthanethi olunesivinini esikhulu kanye nethuba lokuhlala uxhumeke kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi kusize ukufinyelela olwazini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, noma kuphi.

- Amathuluzi okukhiqiza kanye nenhlangano: Omakhalekhukhwini bathuthukile ukuze banikeze izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza⁢ ezisiza abantu bathuthukise ukukhiqiza nokuhleleka kwabo emsebenzini kanye⁤ nempilo yansuku zonke. Kusukela ku-ajenda nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhumbuzo kuye kumathuluzi omsebenzi nawokuphatha amaphrojekthi, ama-smartphone asephenduke abambisene ababalulekile kubantu abaningi ekuhleleni nasekuphatheni imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke.

Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlelo zokusebenza zakuqala kanye nokusetshenziswa okwenze omakhalekhukhwini baba yithuluzi elibalulekile empilweni yesimanje. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza namandla kwalawa madivayisi kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, kunikeze amathuba amasha ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene Ngaphandle kokungabaza, omakhalekhukhwini bayishintshile indlela esixhumana ngayo, esifinyelela ngayo kulwazi kanye nesihlela ngayo, iba yingxenye ebalulekile yethu izimpilo.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko ngemva kwemodeli yokuqala

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko eyalandela imodeli yokuqala kube yisisekelo ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusetshenziswe ukuthuthukiswa okuhlukahlukene nokuthuthukiswa okuthathe umkhiqizo wafinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu ngokusebenza nokusebenza.

  • Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza: Kusukela kumodeli wokuqala, amaphrosesa anamandla futhi asebenza kahle afakwe, okuye kwavumela ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwejubane lokubala kanye nokuphendula komkhiqizo. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekhonweni elikhulu lokusingatha imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi nedingayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ulwazi lomsebenzisi.
  • Ukubuyekezwa Kwedizayini: Ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhwe kubuhle kanye nokusebenziseka kalula komkhiqizo Ukulungiswa kwe-ergonomic, usayizi nokwakheka kwezinkinobho, okuholele esibonakalayo esinembile nesinethezekile somsebenzisi.
  • Ukufakwa kwezici ezintsha: Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthukile, imisebenzi emisha nezici zifakwe emkhiqizweni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yesithombe, umthamo okhulisiwe wesitoreji, ukuxhumeka okungenantambo nokusekelwa kwamafomethi amasha efayela. Lezi zengezo zandise amathuba okusetshenziswa futhi zathuthukisa ukuguquguquka komkhiqizo.

Ngamafuphi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko ngemva kwemodeli yokuqala kuthathe umkhiqizo ezingeni elisha lobuhle. Ngenxa yezibuyekezo ekusebenzeni, ukuklama kanye nokwengezwa kwezici ezintsha, umkhiqizo usuyinketho eyinkimbinkimbi nephelele yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zabasebenzisi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kubonisa ukuzibophezela kwenkampani ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha kanye nokufuna njalo ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.

Okuqukethwe okukhethekile - Chofoza Lapha  Ukudayela kumakhalekhukhwini waseSpain

Iminikelo yamazwe ahlukene ekuthuthukisweni komakhalekhukhwini

Zibe ziyisisekelo ekuziphendukeleni kwezobuchwepheshe esiye sakubona emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Eminye yeminikelo ephawuleka kakhulu izoshiwo ngezansi:

I-USA:

  • Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokuqala lwamaselula lwezentengiselwano yi-AT&T ngo-1947, olwaziwa ngokuthi uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lwamaselula (IMTS).
  • Ukwakhiwa kwamanethiwekhi omakhalekhukhwini esizukulwane sokuqala (1G) ngeminyaka yawo-1980s, sibonga izinkampani ezifana ne-Motorola ne-Qualcomm.
  • Ukwethulwa kwesistimu yamaselula edijithali (GSM) ngo-1991, kwabeka isisekelo socingo lwesimanje lweselula.

IJapane:

  • Kwethulwa umakhalekhukhwini wokuqala wezohwebo ngo-1979 yiNippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT).
  • Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengezinhlelo zocingo lukamakhalekhukhwini lwesizukulwane sokuqala sesithathu (3G) kanye namazinga okudlulisa idatha ngesivinini esikhulu (HSPA+).
  • Ukufakwa kwezici eziqanjiwe ⁤njengamakhamera ahlanganisiwe nezinsizakalo zemiyalezo esheshayo⁤ kumaselula.

Finlandia:

  • Igalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwamaselula esizukulwane sokuqala sesibili‍ (2G) ngokususelwe kubuchwepheshe be-Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).
  • Ukwethulwa kweNokia 3310 ngo-2000, enye yamafoni aphumelela kakhulu emlandweni, eyaguqula ukwakheka nempilo yebhethri.
  • Ubuholi ekwamukelweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsiza zeselula, njengezinhlelo zokuqala zokuhamba nge-GPS ezihlanganiswe nomakhalekhukhwini.

Lawa amanye amagalelo abalulekile amazwe ahlukene awenzile ⁤ekuthuthukisweni kwamaselula. Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kuyaqhubeka nokuqhubekisela phambili intuthuko yobuchwepheshe beselula, okwenza kube nokufinyelela okukhulu nokuthuthukisa njalo ukuxhumana emhlabeni wonke.

Izincomo zenguquko yesikhathi esizayo yeselula

Ezweni lokuziphendukela kwemvelo njalo kwezobuchwepheshe, kubalulekile ukucabangela intuthuko engenzeka kanye nentuthuko engavela esikhathini esizayo somakhalekhukhwini. Lezi zincomo zigxile ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi lomsebenzisi kanye nokusebenza kwedivayisi kukonke.

Ukuqala, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi abakhiqizi bamaselula baqhubeke nokusebenza empilweni yebhethri. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kohlelo lokusebenza, izici ezithuthukisiwe, nokuxhumana okuqhubekayo kudinga umthamo webhethri ophakeme. Izincomo ezilandelayo zibalulekile:

  • Dala amabhethri asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ahlala isikhathi eside.
  • Sebenzisa amasistimu wokushaja okusheshayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo.
  • Lungiselela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinqubo ngemuva.

Esinye isincomo esibalulekile ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe besikrini. Ukuze uthuthukise umuzwa obonakalayo wabasebenzisi, kuyaphakanyiswa:

  • Yakha izikrini eziguquguqukayo nezigoqekayo ezinikeza ukuphatheka okukhulu nokumelana.
  • Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithombe nokucija, ikakhulukazi kuzibonisi ze-HDR ne-OLED.
  • Khulisa izinga lokuvuselela ukuze ulethe ukuskrola nokuphequlula⁣ okulula.

Okokugcina, kunconywa ukuthi⁢ abakhiqizi baqhubeke nokuqamba izinto ezintsha endaweni yokuxhumana. Ukuze unikeze isivinini esikhulu sokuxhuma nokuzinza, kubalulekile:

  • Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-5G kuwo wonke amadivayisi ukuze unikeze ukuxhumana okushesha kakhulu.
  • Thuthukisa ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi nokuzinza kwesignali ezindaweni ezikude.
  • Hlanganisa izici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe ukuze uvikele ubumfihlo babasebenzisi kanye nedatha ebucayi.

Lezi zincomo zingasetha ithoni yenguquko yesikhathi esizayo yeselula, inikeze abasebenzisi umuzwa othuthukisiwe ngokuya ngokusebenza, impilo yebhethri, ikhwalithi yesikrini nokuxhumana. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, kuyajabulisa ukucabanga ngamathuba ikusasa elinawo la madivayisi abaluleke kakhulu ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke.

Imibono nezibikezelo ngekusasa lamadivayisi eselula

Ezweni lezobuchwepheshe elihlala lishintsha, bakhomba intuthuko emangalisayo. Njengoba umphakathi uncika kakhulu kubuchwepheshe, amadivaysi eselula aba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Nawa amanye amathrendi okulindeleke ukuthi achaze ikusasa lalawa madivayisi:

  • Uxhumano olukhulu: Amadivayisi eselula esikhathi esizayo azoxhunywa⁢ ngenethiwekhi eshesha nakakhulu futhi ezinzile, njengobuchwepheshe be-5G.⁤ Lokhu kuzovumela ⁤ukuxhumana okushelelayo, ukulandwa okusheshayo, nokuzizwisa okugxile kakhulu ku-inthanethi.
  • Ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela (AI): I-AI ilindelwe njengento eyisisekelo kumadivayisi eselula wesikhathi esizayo, njengoba izovumela okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi ukuthi kwenziwe kube ngokwakho. I abasizi ababonakalayo, isibonelo, sizokwazi ukulindela izidingo zethu futhi sinikeze izincomo ezinembile, ngenxa yokufunda ngomshini nokucubungula ulimi lwemvelo.
  • Izibonisi eziguquguqukayo: Ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa obuvumelana nezimo buyathola ukuvelela futhi kulindeleke ukuthi bube isici esivamile kumadivayisi eselula azayo. Lezi zikrini zizovumela idizayini eguquguqukayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwendawo yokubuka.

Ikusasa lamadivayisi eselula libukeka lijabulisa futhi ligcwele amathuba. Ngokuxhunywa okukhulu, ukufakwa kwe-AI kanye nokwanda kwezikrini eziguquguqukayo, lezi zisetshenziswa kulindeleke ukuthi zihlanganiswe nakakhulu ezimpilweni zethu, zibe abangane bangempela bezobuchwepheshe abahamba nathi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Umthelela wezomnotho nezohwebo womakhalekhukhwini embonini

Ukuziphatha kwemboni yamaselula endaweni yezomnotho yamanje:

Iselula isiguqule kakhulu isimo sezomnotho nesokuhweba kule mboni emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Ukwamukelwa okukhulu kwamadivaysi eselula kudale imakethe ekhula njalo, kwakha amathuba amasha nezinselelo ezinkampanini ezikulo mkhakha. Ngenxa yokuxhumana okungapheli kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo, umakhalekhukhwini usuphenduke ithuluzi elibalulekile kubo bobabili umthengi kanye nosomabhizinisi.

  • Umkhakha wezokuxhumana uhlangabezane nokukhula okukhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo sezinsizakalo zamaselula, ezifana nezingcingo, imiyalezo ebhaliwe kanye nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi.
  • Ukuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi eselula kanye nezinkampani ezikhiqizayo zihlale zenza izinto ezintsha ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zabasebenzisi, zinikeza izici ezithuthukisiwe, umthamo omkhulu wokulondoloza, nokusebenza okukhulu esizukulwaneni ngasinye samafoni.
  • Ukunwetshwa kwezohwebo nge-elekthronikhi kube ngomunye wemiphumela ephawuleka kakhulu yomthelela wezomnotho wamaselula. Ukuthengiselana kwezohwebo ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula kanye amawebhusayithi zenze ukukhula kokuthengiswa kwe-inthanethi.
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Izinzuzo zemboni kanye nomthelela wayo emnothweni womhlaba:

Ukuba khona komakhalekhukhwini embonini kukhiqize uchungechunge lwezinzuzo eziphawulekayo, ngokwezomnotho nakwezohwebo:

  • Ukusebenza kahle okukhulu: Ukuxhumana okusheshayo kanye nekhono lokufinyelela ulwazi ngesikhathi sangempela kuthuthukise izinqubo zangaphakathi futhi kwehlise izindleko zokusebenza zezinkampani.
  • Ukufinyelela okukhulu: Ukungena komakhalekhukhwini kuzo zonke izingqimba zezenhlalo nezendawo kusivumele ukuthi sifinyelele imakethe ebanzi, sikhiqizela izinkampani amathuba emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezomnotho.
  • Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke: Ukuxhumana kwamaselula kwephule imingcele yendawo futhi kwenze kwaba lula ukwanda kwezinkampani ngale kwemingcele yazo evamile. Ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuthuthukiswe ukufinyelela ezimakethe ezintsha ngomakhalekhukhwini.

Izinselele kanye nemibono yesikhathi esizayo:

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezisobala, umthelela wezomnotho kanye nezohwebo wamaselula nawo wethule izinselelo embonini:

  • Izinguquko ezisheshayo zobuchwepheshe: Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo emhlabeni wamadivayisi eselula kubeka izinselelo ezinkulu ezinkampanini okufanele zivumelane ngokushesha nezimfuno zemakethe futhi zihlale ziphambili.
  • Ukuvikelwa kanye ukuphepha kwedatha: Ukwenyuka kwenani lolwazi lomuntu siqu nolwezimali olugcinwe ⁤komakhalekhukhwini⁣ kudinga ukugxila okukhulu ekuvikelekeni kwedatha nasekuvikelweni⁤.
  • Ukungalingani kwedijithali: Naphezu kokwanda okukhulu komakhalekhukhwini, izikhala zisekhona ekufinyeleleni kubuchwepheshe beselula, obungakhawulela amandla omnotho emaqenjini athile noma izifunda.

Imibuzo Nezimpendulo

Umbuzo: Uyini umsuka weselula?
IMP: Umakhalekhukhwini unomsuka wawo emalini eningana yobuchwepheshe⁣akanye nentuthuko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uma sibhekisela ngqo kumakhalekhukhwini wokuqala wokuhweba, wasungulwa e-United States.

Q: Yasungulwa kuphi ngempela iselula yokuqala yezentengiso?
IMP: Iselula yokuqala yokuthengisa yasungulwa eBell Labs, etholakala eHolmdel, New Jersey, United States. Kulapho ukuthuthukiswa nocwaningo olwanikeza isisekelo sokusungulwa komakhalekhukhwini.

Umbuzo: Obani abasunguli balo makhalekhukhwini wokuqala?
IMPENDULO: Ikhredithi eyinhloko yokusungulwa kweselula yenziwa u-Martin Cooper, owayesebenza njengonjiniyela e-Motorola ngeminyaka yawo-1970s uCooper wahola ithimba lonjiniyela elakha isibonelo sokuqala esisebenzayo somakhalekhukhwini.

Umbuzo: Yasungulwa nini iselula yokuqala etholakala ukuze ihwebe?
IMP: Iselula yokuqala etholakalayo edayiswayo yethulwa ngo-1983 ngabakwaMotorola. Le divayisi, eyaziwa nge-Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, bekuyiselula yokuqala ukuthengiswa emakethe ukuze umuntu ayisebenzisele yona.

Q: Kwakuyini izici kanye nemininingwane yeselula yokuqala?
A: I-Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, umakhalekhukhwini wokuqala otholakala ngokuthengiswa, kwakuyidivayisi enkulu, esindayo, enothi olunwetshiwe phezulu. Yayinesikrini sezinombolo, inekhono lokushaya izingcingo nokwamukela imiyalezo, nakuba imisebenzi namakhono ayelinganiselwe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namafoni amanje.

Umbuzo: Ngabe iselula ithuthuke kanjani kusukela yasungulwa?
IMP: Selokhu yasungulwa, umakhalekhukhwini uye wabhekana nokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusha. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, omakhalekhukhwini sebeya ngokuya baminyene, bengasindi futhi besebenza ngezinto eziningi Namuhla, omakhalekhukhwini bangamadivayisi ahlakaniphile afika nezici eziningi ezahlukahlukene, njengokuxhuma ku-inthanethi, amakhamera anencazelo ephezulu, izinhlelo zokusebenza nokunye.

Umbuzo: Ube yini umthelela womakhalekhukhwini emphakathini kanye nendlela esixhumana ngayo?
IMP: Iselula ibe nomthelela omkhulu emphakathini nasendleleni esixhumana ngayo. Ishintshe ukuxhumana ngokusivumela ukuthi sixhumeke noma nini, noma kuphi. Kuguqule indlela esixhumana ngayo, okwenza kube lula ukudlulisa ulwazi, ukushaya izingcingo, ukuthumela imilayezo nama-imeyili, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi.

Ekubukeni Kwangaphambili

Kafushane, sihlole kabanzi umsuka nokusungulwa komakhalekhukhwini. Njengoba sifundile, lo mshini wokuguquguquka uye waba nenguquko eqhubekayo phakathi neminyaka edlule, futhi ukudalwa kwawo akunakwenziwa kuphela endaweni ethile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemizamo ehlanganisiwe yososayensi abaningi, abasunguli nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke, namuhla sijabulela izinzuzo kanye nokunethezeka esihlinzekwa ngumakhalekhukhwini. Kusukela esiqalweni esiphansi kuze kube namuhla, umakhalekhukhwini usuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ngekhono layo lokuxhumana ngokushesha kanye nokuxhumana emhlabeni jikelele, akungabazeki ukuthi liyishintshile indlela esixhumana ngayo nokuxhumana nomhlaba osizungezile. Kuyamangaza ukucabanga ukuthi lesi simangaliso esincane sobuchwepheshe, esasungulwa ngezikhathi nezindawo ezihlukene emhlabeni, siwuguqule kanjani umphakathi wethu futhi sishiye uphawu olungenakucimeka emlandweni wezobuchwepheshe. Njengoba siqhubeka nokuqhubekela phambili esikhathini esizayo, singalindela intuthuko nentuthuko ethokozisayo emkhakheni womakhalekhukhwini, okuletha amathuba amasha namathuba okuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana emhlabeni jikelele.