HC-SR04 igama lenye yezinzwa ze-ultrasonic ezidume kakhulu. Isetshenziselwa ukukala amabanga ngokukhishwa kwe amagagasi omsindo imvamisa ephezulu. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sichaza yonke imininingwane yokusebenza kwayo.
Kuyimodeli etholakalayo zikhona kumaphrojekthi amaningi adalwe ngenkundla ye-elekthronikhi evulekile i-Arduino. Kunezizathu eziningi ezichaza impumelelo yayo: ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamandla kuphansi (yingakho kuyinzwa ephelele yamadivayisi asebenza ngebhethri), kulula ukuxhuma futhi ishibhile.
Indlela izinzwa ze-ultrasonic ezisebenza ngayo
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi inzwa ye-HC-SR04 isebenza kanjani, kufanele wazi kuqala yiziphi izinzwa ze-ultrasonic (ezaziwa nangokuthi izinzwa ze-ultrasonic). Lawa ama-proximity detectors akwazi ukubona izinto emabangeni ahlukene.
Ngokuyisisekelo, okwenziwa inzwa ukukhipha umsindo futhi kukale isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze isignali ekhishiwe ishaye into futhi ibuye. Igagasi elikhishiwe libizwa ngokuthi "i-trigger" ku-jargon yobuchwepheshe, kuyilapho igagasi elibonakalayo libizwa ngokuthi "i-echo."
Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi wenze a ukubala ibanga ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokunemba. Ngale ndlela, izinzwa ezifana ne-HC-SR04 zingakwazi ukubona izinto zomumo ohlukile, kungaba okuqinile noma okuwuketshezi.
Izinga elingavamile lokunemba kwezinzwa ze-ultrasonic libangelwa ingxenye enkulu ye- función de aprendizaje ukuthi ngokuvamile bahlanganisa. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinzwa lunikeza kuphela imiphumela enokwethenjelwa ezindaweni ezinobukhona komoya. Abakwazi ukusebenza endaweni engenalutho, njengoba umsindo udinga isisetshenziswa ukuze usakaze.
Obunye bobuthakathaka balezi zinzwa ukuthi azikwazi ukwenza lutho ngokumelene nazo izindawo eziyizimpumputhe, okungukuthi, izikhala phakathi kwengxenye ebucayi yomtshina kanye nebanga elincane.
Kungani singakwazi ukuzwa ama-ultrasound? El oído humano Ikwazi kuphela ukuthola amaza omsindo adlidliza ebangeni elicishe libe izikhathi ezingu-20 ukuya kwezingu-20.000 ngomzuzwana. Nokho, ama-ultrasound anemvamisa engaphezu kuka-20 Hz, okuwenza angezwakali ngokuphelele kithi.
HC-SR04 Imininingwane Yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha
Inzwa yebanga ye-HC-SR04 Yakhiwe ngama-transducers amabili e-ultrasonic. Esokuqala sisebenza njenge-transmitter kanti eyesibili sisebenza njengomamukeli. Yena ukuthumela idivayisi Iguqula isignali kagesi ibe amapulse omsindo we-ultrasonic angu-40 kHz. Ngokwakhe, i idivayisi yokwamukela "Ilalela" ama-pulses adlulisiwe futhi ikhiqize i-pulse ephumayo ububanzi bayo bulingane nebanga lento isignali ebhampise kuyo.
Idivayisi inamaphinikhodi amane:
- VCC, ukuze kunikezwe amandla kunzwa ye-ultrasonic ye-HC-SR04 (ku-a I-Arduino, ingaxhunywa kokuphumayo okungu-5V).
- Trig (Trigger noma i-trigger), ukushisa ama-pulses omsindo we-ultrasonic.
- I-Echo. Le phinikhodi ihlala i-HIGH kuze kube yilapho inzwa ithola i-echo, ngemva kwalokho yehla.
- GND noma iphinikhodi.
Le nzwa ihlinzeka izinga eliphezulu lokuthembeka phakathi kwebanga eliphakathi kuka-2 cm no-40 amamitha. Sikhuluma ngomkhawulo wephutha wesilinganiso esiphezulu esingu-3 mm. Iqiniso liwukuthi akukubi neze.
Ebangeni elikhulu, ukunemba kwayo kuncipha kancane kancane, kuyilapho emabangeni angaphansi kuka-2 cm inkinga esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili yezindawo ezifile ivela. Ukunemba kungase futhi kube ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo zamazinga okushisa aphezulu noma umswakama owedlulele.
Esinye isici esijabulisayo ukuthi, lapho usebenza nge-5V, ingaxhunywa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kwezinkinga ku-Arduino noma enye i-microcontroller efanayo. Futhi ngalo mqondo, izilinganiso zayo ezihlangene kufanele zibongwe: 45 x 20 x 15 mm.
Ukusebenza nokubala kwebanga
Nansi indlela inzwa ye-HC-SR04 ultrasonic esebenza ngayo, ichazwe kalula nje:
- I-emitter noma i-Trigger idlulisa ukuqhuma kwe-ultrasonic kwamapulse ayisishiyagalombili ku-40 kHz (Ziyisishiyagalombili ukwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa ama-pulses adlulisiwe nomsindo ozungezile).
- Ngemva nje kokusakaza, iphinikhodi ye-echo iya endaweni EPHAKEME ukuqala isignali ye-echo.
- Lapho isignali ebonisiwe iyabuya, iphinikhodi ye-echo iyehla.*
(*) Uma isignali ingahlangabezani nanoma yiziphi izithiyo phakathi kobubanzi benzwa, akukho-echo ezotholwa.
Kusukela kudatha ekhiqizwe ngokuphuma kwesignali kanye ne-echo yayo, imojula yokulawula ye-HC-SR04 iyakwazi ukubala ibanga. Empeleni, kulula njengoba sebenzisa ifomula elula ye-physics ukuthi sonke safundiswa eminyakeni yethu yesikole (bheka isithombe esingenhla).
Isiphetho
Inzwa ye-HC-SR04 ye-ultrasonic i inketho enhle kakhulu yamaphrojekthi asuselwa ku-Arduino okuhloswe ngawo ukulinganisa ibanga nokutholwa kwento. Izimpahla zayo ezinkulu ukusebenza kwayo, kulula kodwa kusebenza kahle (inqobo nje uma sikhuluma ngamabanga amafushane), kanye nentengo yayo, cishe ama-euro ayi-10-12.
Umhleli okhethekile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezindaba ze-inthanethi onolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi kumidiya ehlukene yedijithali. Ngisebenze njengomhleli kanye nomdali wokuqukethwe kwe-e-commerce, ukuxhumana, ukumaketha ku-inthanethi kanye nezinkampani zokukhangisa. Ngike ngabhala kumawebhusayithi ezomnotho, ezezimali neminye imikhakha. Umsebenzi wami nawo uwuthando lwami. Manje, ngokusebenzisa izihloko zami ku Tecnobits, ngizama ukuhlola zonke izindaba namathuba amasha izwe lobuchwepheshe elisinikeza lona nsuku zonke ukuze sithuthukise izimpilo zethu.