I-NTFS (Uhlelo olusha lwefayela lobuchwepheshe) wuhlelo lwamafayela oluzenzakalelayo ku-Windows kusukela ekufikeni kwe-Windows NT ngo-2003. Nakuba lubonakale luqinile, luvikelekile futhi lusebenza kahle, inemingcele okufanele uyazi. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizokhuluma ngemikhawulo yesistimu yefayela ye-Microsoft nokuthi isho ukuthini kubasebenzisi beWindows.
I-NTFS: Imikhawulo Yesistimu Yefayela Ye-Microsoft Okufanele Uyazi
Phakathi kwemikhawulo yesistimu yefayela ye-Microsoft okufanele uyazi yile: usayizi omkhulu ovunyelwe wefayela kanye nokwahlukanisa noma ivolumu. Uma ifayela lidlula lowo sayizi omkhulu, alikwazi ukugcinwa kokuthi a Idiski efomethiwe ye-NTFS. Futhi lapho uhlukanisa lelo diski, kukhona nomkhawulo kasayizi okufanele uwuhloniphe lapho unikeza ivolumu kuyo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikhuluma ngokuhlela idatha ku-hard drive noma enye imidiya yokugcina, ifomethi ye-NTFS kuphela isekela amafayela afika, ngokwethiyori, ama-exabytes ayi-16 (EB). Empeleni, usayizi osekelwayo wefayela mncane kakhulu: cishe 256 Terabytes (TB). Lo mehluko ungenxa yeminye imikhawulo ehlobene nokucushwa kwesistimu yokusebenza noma izici zehadiwe ngokwayo.
Umkhawulo kasayizi ngokuhlukanisa ngakunye
Okufanayo kusebenza kusayizi omkhulu onganikezwa ukwahlukanisa noma ivolumu. Ngokombono, isistimu yefayela ye-NTFS ingakwazi ukuphatha ukwahlukanisa kuze kufike ku-16 EB, kodwa ekusebenzeni lo mkhawulo cishe akunakwenzeka ukufeza. Ku Windows 10 kanye ne-Windows Server 2019, i-NTFS ivumela ukuhlukaniswa kuze kufike ku-256 TB; Ku-Windows 11, ingakwazi ukusekela ama-partitions amakhulu, kufika ku-8 Petabytes (PB).
Kunjalo, Usayizi wesahlukaniso uzokhawulelwa ngokuya ngokuthi iyisihlukaniso se-MBR (I-Master Boot Record) noma i-GPT (Ithebula Lokwehlukanisa). Uma i-partition ye-MBR isetshenziswa, umkhawulo kasayizi omkhulu ngengxenye ngayinye ngu-2 TB. Ukwahlukanisa kwe-GPT, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungasekela amavolumu amakhulu, nakuba sisanqunyelwe umthamo wangempela wemidiya yokugcina nokunye ukucupha.
Y Mangaki amafayela namafolda angagcinwa ngaphakathi kwengxenye ngayinye kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-NTFS? Inani likhulu kakhulu: amafayela angu-4.294.967.295. Yebo, ukusebenza kwesistimu kungathinteka uma kunezigidi zamafayela kufolda eyodwa. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukufinyelela lo mkhawulo akwenzeki neze, ngaphandle uma usebenzisana nezimo zeseva ezinezigidi zamafayela amancane, afana namalogi noma ama-imeyili.
Imikhawulo Yesistimu Yefayela Le-Microsoft: Amagama Efayela Nezindlela
El usayizi wendlela nobude begama lefayela Le yimikhawulo emibili yesistimu yefayela ye-Microsoft okufanele uyazi. Okokuqala, khumbula ukuthi indlela ihlanganisa incwadi yokushayela, ikholoni, kanye ne-backslash (C:\), kanye nawo wonke amagama amafolda alandelayo, ama-backslash phakathi kwawo, negama lefayela, kanye nohlamvu olungenalutho oluqedayo.
Ekuqaleni, I-Windows ikhawulela izindlela zezinhlamvu ezingu-260 (MAX_PATH) kodwa, Ukusuka ku-Windows 10 kuye phambili, izindlela zinganwetshwa zifinyelele ezinhlamvu ezingu-32.767.. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows ezindala zisasebenzisa izindlela ezinomkhawulo wezinhlamvu ezingu-260, ezingabangela izinkinga ngezinye izikhathi lapho usebenza ngamagama amade futhi uhlangabezana nephutha elithi "indlela yinde kakhulu".
Ngokufanayo, i ubude befayela noma igama lefolda Iphinde ibe nemikhawulo ngaphakathi kwesistimu yefayela ye-Microsoft: ayikwazi ukudlula i- Izinhlamvu eziyi-255. Isibonelo, emzileni C:/Folder/Subfold/MyFile.txt, “Ifolda”, “Amafolda angaphansi” kanye ne-“MyFile.txt” awakwazi ukweqa izinhlamvu ezingama-255 lilinye. Ngaphezu komkhawulo wobude, kukhona okuqinisekile izinhlamvu ezingavunyelwe kufayela le-NTFS namagama efolda. Lezi zinhlamvu yilezi: \, /, :, *, ?, «, <,>, |.
Izinkinga zokuhambisana namanye amasistimu
Siyaqhubeka nokuhlola imikhawulo yesistimu yefayela ye-Microsoft NTFS, okufanele wazi ukuthi uyafuna ukuyisebenzisa ezingeni eliyisisekelo noma elithuthukisiwe. Njengoba lolu kuwuhlelo lwendabuko lweMicrosoft, kungokwemvelo lokho ukwethula ukungahambisani uma isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene, njenge-macOS ne-Linux. Ngokufanayo, amanye amaselula noma ama-consoles wegeyimu yevidiyo awakwazi ukubona amadrayivu afomethwe yi-NTFS nama-hard drive.
Isibonelo, i amakhompyutha we-apula ingafunda amadrayivu e-NTFS ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa Abakuvumeli ukuthi ulondoloze noma ubhale okuthile kuyo, okungenani hhayi ngokomdabu.. Ukubhala idrayivu efomethiwe ye-NTFS ku-macOS, udinga ukusebenzisa isoftware yomuntu wesithathu, njenge I-Tuxera NTFS o I-Paragon NTFS. Ukwengeza, isistimu yefayela ye-Microsoft iphatha izimvume ezithuthukisiwe ezingahumushi kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi ku-macOS, idala imikhawulo yokufinyelela evela ku-Mac.
cunt Linux Kwenzeka okufanayo, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Okunye kokusabalalisa kwabo bayakwazi ukufunda nokubhala amadrayivu e-NTFS ngephakheji le-ntfs-3g. Kodwa ukusebenza akulungile njengalapho usebenzisa amadrayivu afomethiweyo e-EXT4 noma amanye amadrayivu endabuko e-Linux. Ngokufanayo, uma idrayivu ye-NTFS inezinkinga futhi usebenzisa ithuluzi lokubuyisela ku-Linux ukuze uzame ukuyilungisa, ungase ungawutholi umphumela oyifunayo.
Enye inkinga yokungahambelani iphakama lapho uxhuma idrayivu efomethwe yi-NTFS kumakhalekhukhwini noma ikhonsoli yegeyimu yevidiyo. Amanye amafoni e-Android, ama-smart TV, nezidlali zemidiya azikwazi ukukhweza amadrayivu e-NTFS ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-hard drive ye-NTFS ingase ingaziwa yi-PlayStation 4 noma i-PlayStation 5., njengoba lawa makhonsoli akhetha amasistimu wefayela we-exFAT noma we-FAT32. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Xbox ingayifunda ngaphandle kwezinkinga, njengoba iyingxenye ye-ecosystem ye-Microsoft efanayo.
Eminye Imikhawulo Yesistimu Yefayela Ye-Microsoft
Nakuba i-NTFS iqinile futhi ithembekile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imikhawulo yesistimu yefayela ye-Microsoft, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza nayo ezimeni ezithuthukile. Ngaphezu kwalezo esezibaluliwe, amadrayivu e-NTFS nawo anawo Imikhawulo ezingeni lemvume nezokuphepha, futhi ingase iveze izinkinga zokusebenza uma u-85% womthamo wayo weqiwe.
Nakuba kunezinye izindlela ezitholakalayo, ezifana namafomethi e-exFAT, FAT32, noma i-APFS, ukukhetha kwesistimu yefayela kuncike esimweni esithile sokusetshenziswa kanye nezidingo zomsebenzisi ngamunye. Kunoma yikuphi, ukwazi ukulinganiselwa kohlelo lwefayela le-Microsoft kuzokusiza Yenza izinqumo ezinolwazi, gwema izinkinga zokusebenza, futhi uqonde noma yiziphi izimanga ongahamba nayo uma uyisebenzisa.
Kusukela ngisemncane bengifisa ukwazi ngayo yonke into ehlobene nentuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi lezo ezenza impilo yethu ibe lula futhi ijabulise. Ngiyakuthanda ukuhlala nginolwazi lwakamuva ngezindaba zakamuva namathrendi, nokwabelana ngolwazi lwami, imibono nezeluleko mayelana nezisetshenziswa namagajethi engiwasebenzisayo. Lokhu kungenze ngaba umlobi wewebhu eminyakeni engaphezudlwana kwemihlanu edlule, ngigxile kakhulu kumadivayisi e-Android nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeWindows. Ngiye ngafunda ukuchaza ngamagama alula lokho okuyinkimbinkimbi ukuze abafundi bami bakuqonde kalula.