Izigaba Zezimpawu Zangaphambili Namadoda Okuqala

I-Prehistory ibhekisela esikhathini yomlando ukuphila komuntu kusukela ekubonakaleni komuntu wokuqala kuye ekusungulweni kokubhala. Ngalesi sikhathi, imiphakathi yabantu kwadingeka ibhekane nezinselele eziningi ukuze iphile futhi ivumelane nesimo sayo esishintshayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izigaba zesici ezihlukile ze-prehistory futhi sihlole amadoda okuqala ahlala eMhlabeni. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yobuchwepheshe kanye nethoni engathathi hlangothi, sizogxila kulesi sikhathi esithakazelisayo somlando ukuze siqonde kangcono ukuziphendukela kwethu njengohlobo lwezilwane.

1. Isingeniso se-Prehistory: Incazelo kanye Nomongo

I-Prehistory ibhekisela enkathini yesikhathi ngaphambi kokusungulwa kokubhala futhi isukela ekubukeni kwabantu bokuqala kuya ekuhlanganisweni kwempucuko yokuqala. Kuyisigaba esibalulekile ukuqonda ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuthuthuka kwesintu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abantu babelokhu befuna imithombo yemvelo futhi bezabalaza ukuze baphile endaweni enobutha.

Ngalo mqondo, ukutadisha kwe-prehistory kusivumela ukuthi sazi ukuthi baphila kanjani, yimaphi amathuluzi abawasebenzisayo, ukuthi bazihlela kanjani emphakathini nokuthi bahlobene kanjani nendawo yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isinika ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuvela kwamakhono namakhono abantu, njengokwenza izitsha nokuzingela izilwane.

Ukuze uqonde umongo we-prehistory, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici eziningana. Okokuqala, kufanele sicabangele isimo sezulu nesimo sezwe sangaleso sikhathi, njengoba lokhu kwaba nomthelela endleleni abantu abajwayelana ngayo nendawo abahlala kuyo. Kumelwe futhi sicabangele okutholwe ngemivubukulo kanye ne-paleontological, okusinikeza ubufakazi obuphathekayo bemisebenzi kanye nempumelelo yabantu bangaphambi komlando.

Ngamafuphi, i-prehistory iyisigaba esibalulekile emlandweni kwesintu kanye nocwaningo lwaso kusivumela ukuthi siqonde ukuthi abantu bokuqala bavela kanjani nokuthi izinhlobo zokuqala zokuphila zathuthuka kanjani emhlabeni wethu. Ngokuhlaziywa kwemithombo ye-archaeological kanye ne-paleontological, singathola ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nendlela abantu ababephila futhi basebenzelana ngayo ngalesi sikhathi. Kuyinkambu ethokozisayo esimema ukuthi sihlole futhi sithole umsuka wohlobo lwethu.

2. Izigaba ze-Prehistory: I-Paleolithic, i-Mesolithic ne-Neolithic

I-Prehistory iyisigaba esithakazelisayo somlando wesintu esihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-Paleolithic, i-Mesolithic ne-Neolithic. Lezi zigaba zimelela izikhathi ezahlukene lapho impucuko yethu yasendulo yavela futhi yajwayela indawo yazo.

I-Paleolithic, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Old Stone Age, yathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu se-prehistory, kusukela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-2,5 kuya ku-10.000 BC Ngalesi sikhathi, okhokho bethu babehlala njengabazingeli, bethembele ekuzingeleni izilwane futhi baqoqe ukudla ukuze baphile. Lesi sigaba sasibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi amatshe nokutholakala komlilo, okwavumela abantu ukuba bazivikele emakhazeni futhi bapheke ukudla kwabo..

Okulandelayo kwafika i-Mesolithic, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Middle Stone Age, eyaqala phakathi kwe-Paleolithic ne-Neolithic, cishe ngo-10.000 - 5.000 BC Phakathi nalesi sigaba, kwaba noshintsho oluphawulekayo endleleni yokuphila yokhokho bethu. Ukuzingela nokuqoqa kwakusebalulekile, kodwa amasu okulima angajwayelekile nawo aqala ukuvela, okusho ukushintshela ekuphileni kokunganyakazi..

Ekugcineni, i-Neolithic noma i-New Stone Age, yaphawula ukuqala kwezolimo kanye nokufuywa kwezilwane, cishe ngo-5.000 - 2.000 BC. Kwakungalesi sigaba lapho imiphakathi yabantu yathuthuka isuka kubazingeli abavamile yaya ezindaweni ezihlala unomphela zezolimo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kwavumela ukutholakala kokudla okuzinzile, okuholela ekukhuleni kwabantu abaningi kanye nokuvela kwezinhlaka zenhlalo eziyinkimbinkimbi..

3. Izici Zenkathi Ye-Paleolithic: Abazingeli nabaqoqi

I-Paleolithic Period, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Old Stone Age, yisiteji se-prehistory esibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kokuzingela nokuqoqa njengezindlela eziyinhloko zokuphila. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu babethembele kakhulu emvelweni nasemakhonweni abo okuthola ukudla. Abazingeli be-Paleolithic nabaqoqi babhekana nezinselele ezahlukene nsuku zonke ukuze baphile..

• Ukuzingela: Ukuzingela kwakuwumsebenzi obalulekile ukuze uthole inyama njengomthombo wokudla. Abazingeli bePaleolithic basebenzisa amasu namasu ahlukahlukene ukuze babambe izilwane, njengokuqamekela, umzila noma ugibe. Babevame ukusebenzisa amathuluzi amatshe, njengemikhonto, imicibisholo namahabhu, ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu ezifana ne-mammoth kanye nenyathi.
• Ukuvuna: Ngaphandle kokuzingela, ukuqoqwa kwezitshalo, izithelo nezimpande kwakubalulekile futhi ukuze kuphile abantu ku-Paleolithic. Abaqoqi babezinikele ekufuneni ukudla kwezitshalo endaweni yabo, ukuhlonza izinhlobo ezidliwayo nokusebenzisa amathuluzi alula njengobhasikidi nemibese yamatshe ukuze bakuqoqe.
• Impilo yabahambi: Abazingeli be-Paleolithic nabaqoqi baphila impilo yokuzulazula, behamba njalo befuna izinsiza ezintsha. Le ndlela yokuphila yayibavumela ukuba balandele imizila yezilwane ezifudukayo futhi bathole imithombo emisha yokudla. Bamisa amakamu esikhashana, akha izindawo zokukhosela ezilula ezinamagatsha nezikhumba zezilwane.

Ukuzingela nokuqoqa kwakuyimisebenzi ebalulekile ukuze kuphile abantu ngesikhathi sePaleolithic.. Ngale mikhuba, abazingeli nabaqoqi bathola izinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze baphile endaweni enobutha neshintshayo. Ukuncika kwabo emvelweni kanye nekhono labo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo indawo ezungezile Kwakuyizici ezihlukile zale nkathi.

4. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Mesolithic: Ukushintshela kwezolimo

I-Mesolithic yayiyinkathi ebalulekile emlandweni wesintu, njengoba yayiphawula ukuguquka kusuka emiphakathini yabazingeli kuya emiphakathini eyaqala ukwenza ezolimo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, esathatha cishe i-10,000 kuya ku-5,000 BC, izinguquko ezibalulekile zenzeka kokubili ekuhleleni kwezenhlalakahle nasendleleni yokuthola ukudla.

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ze-Mesolithic kwaba ukuqala kokufuywa kwe izitshalo nezilwane. Imiphakathi ye-Mesolithic yaqala ukukhetha nokuhlakulela izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo, ezifana nokusanhlamvu kanye nemifino, okwabavumela ukuba bakhulise ukukhiqizwa kwabo kokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenkolelo yokuthi baqala nokuzalanisa futhi bafuye izilwane, njengezinja nezingulube, ukuze banelise izidingo zabo. Lolu shintsho endleleni yokuthola ukudla lwaba nomthelela omkhulu enhlanganweni yezenhlalakahle, ngoba luvumela imiphakathi ukuba izimise unomphela endaweni futhi ithuthukise izakhiwo zomphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Esinye isici esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwe-Mesolithic kwakuwukubukeka kwamathuluzi akhethekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, imiphakathi ye-Mesolithic yaqala ukwenza amathuluzi acwengekile naqondile, njengezimbazo zamatshe eziphucuziwe kanye nezihloko zemicibisholo. La mathuluzi abavumela ukuba bathuthukise izindlela zabo zokuzingela, ukuqoqa kanye nokulima, okwaba nomthelela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kokudla. Kukholelwa futhi ukuthi ngesikhathi se-Mesolithic, amasu okucubungula ukudla athuthukiswa, njengokugaya okusanhlamvu noma ukulondoloza ukudla ngokumisa noma ukubhema.

Ngamafuphi, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Mesolithic kwakuyinkathi yokushintshela kwezolimo okubandakanya izinguquko eziphawulekayo endleleni imiphakathi ethola ngayo ukudla futhi izihlelele emphakathini. Ukufuywa kwezitshalo nezilwane, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamathuluzi akhethekile, kwakuyizici ezibalulekile le nqubo. Le ntuthuko yabeka izisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kwemiphakathi yezolimo, okwakuzophawula ingqopha-mlando emlandweni wesintu.

5. I-Neolithic Revolution: Izimpawu Nezinguquko Zezenhlalo Kwamasiko

I-Neolithic Revolution kwakuyinkathi emlandweni ebonakala ngochungechunge lwezinguquko ezibalulekile emphakathini namasiko abantu. Ngalesi sikhathi, esasuka cishe ku-10,000 kuya ku-4,000 BC, kwaba khona uguquko ukusuka emiphakathini yabazingeli ukuya emiphakathini yezolimo engenzi lutho. Lolu shintsho lwaba nomthelela omkhulu ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke.

Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-Neolithic Revolution kwaba ukwamukelwa kwezolimo njengendlela eyinhloko yokuziphilisa. Lolu shintsho lwaluhilela ukutshala izitshalo kanye nokukhulisa izilwane ezifuywayo, okuvumela imiphakathi ukuba ibe nokudla okuzinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezolimo zaholela ekuhlalweni okuhlala njalo, njengoba kwakudingekile ukuba kuhlale eduze namasimu ezitshalo.

Olunye ushintsho olubalulekile kwezenhlalo namasiko phakathi nale nkathi kwakuwukuthuthukiswa kwezitsha zobumba kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamathuluzi akhethekile. I-Ceramics yayivumela ukudla ukuthi kugcinwe futhi kuthuthwe ngokuphumelelayo, ngaphezu kokudlala indima ebalulekile ekuboniseni ubuciko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathuluzi akhethekile, njengezimbazo namageja, enza imisebenzi yezolimo yasebenza kahle futhi athuthukisa izinga lempilo yemiphakathi ye-Neolithic.

6. Amadoda Okuqala: I-Homo habilis ne-Homo erectus

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu kuyisihloko esithakazelisayo osekungamakhulu eminyaka sicwaningwa. Ababili kwabameleli bokuqala bohlobo lwe-Homo yi-Homo habilis kanye ne-Homo erectus. Lezi zinhlobo zadlala indima ebalulekile ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo kwabantu futhi zibhekwa njengokhokho bethu abaqondile.

U-Homo habilis, ogama lakhe lisho ukuthi "indoda enekhono," waphila cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-2.4 edlule. Wayekwazi ukwenza amathuluzi angajwayelekile ngetshe, okuphawula ingqopha-mlando ebalulekile ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo komuntu. Ikhono labo lokudala nokusebenzisa amathuluzi libonise izinga lekhono nobuciko obungakaze bubonwe kokhokho bethu..

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uHomo erectus waphila phakathi kwezigidi ezingu-1.9 nezingu-200,000 eminyakeni edlule. Kwakuwuhlobo lokuqala olwashiya izwekazi lase-Afrika futhi lwahlakazeka emhlabeni wonke., okubonisa ikhono layo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuphila. Lolu hlobo luphinde lwaphawula ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo ngokuba ngowokuqala ukwazi umlilo nokuwusebenzisela ukupheka ukudla, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukutholakala kwemisoco kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono okuqonda.

7. Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Komuntu: Ukuvela kwe-Homo sapiens

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu kuyisihloko esithakazelisayo osekuyiminyaka eminingi kuxoxwa ngaso nokucwaninga. Ngobufakazi bemivubukulo nezakhi zofuzo, ososayensi bakwazile ukwakha kabusha umlando wezinhlobo zethu zezilwane futhi baqonde ukuthi i-Homo sapiens yavela kanjani. Le nqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yayihilela uchungechunge lwezinguquko ezingokomzimba nezingokwengqondo ezisihlukanisa nokhokho bethu abakude kakhulu.

AmaHomo sapiens, noma abantu banamuhla, kukholakala ukuthi bavela cishe eminyakeni engu-300,000 edlule e-Afrika. Ngokobufakazi bezinsalela, okhokho bethu ababesondelene kakhulu kwakunguHomo neanderthalensis kanye noHomo Denisovans. Ngokuqhathanisa izinto zofuzo, kuye kwanqunywa ukuthi abantu banamuhla banephesenti elincane le-Neanderthal ne-Denisovan DNA ekwakhekeni kwabo kofuzo.

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-Homo sapiens yenza uchungechunge lwezinguquko ze-anatomical eziyivumela ukuthi ijwayele futhi iphile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho obukhudlwana, obuyinkimbinkimbi, ikhono lokuhamba uqonde, kanye nokutholwa kwamakhono afana nokwenza amathuluzi nokusebenzisa umlilo. Lezi zici ezihlukile ziye zasivumela ukuthi sihlanganise cishe wonke amagumbi omhlaba futhi sibe yizilwane ezivelele eMhlabeni.

8. I-Homo sapiens Yakuqala: Amakhono Nokuzijwayeza

I-Early Homo sapiens, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-archaic Homo sapiens, yaphila cishe eminyakeni engu-300,000 edlule futhi inamakhono amaningana nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okubavumela ukuba baphile futhi bachume ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Laba bantu babengabazingeli nabaqoqi abangochwepheshe, abakwazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi amatshe nawomlilo ukuze bathole ukudla futhi bazivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.

Elinye lamakhono aphawuleka kakhulu ama-Homo sapiens okuqala kwaba ikhono labo lokwenza nokusebenzisa amathuluzi amatshe. Lawa mathuluzi adalwe kusetshenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-lithic carving, eyayihlanganisa ukushaya itshe ngelinye ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-flakes abukhali. Lawa ma-flakes ayesetshenziswa njengemimese, ama-scrapers nama-arrowheads, ukusiza ukuzingela nokucubungula inyama.

Ngaphezu kobuchule babo bokwenza amathuluzi, ama-Homo sapiens akudala nawo athuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana athuthukile. Kukholakala ukuthi laba bantu basebenzisa ulimi olukhulunywayo ukuze baxhumanise imisebenzi yokuzingela nokuqoqa, badlulise ulwazi, futhi baveze imizwa. Leli khono lokuxhumana labavumela ukuthi bahlele ngempumelelo futhi babelane ngolwazi olubalulekile ekusindeni kweqembu.

Ngamafuphi, ama-Homo sapiens akudala ayengabazingeli nabaqoqi abangochwepheshe abanamakhono avelele ekwenzeni amathuluzi amatshe kanye nokukhulumisana ngamazwi. Lawa makhono nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwabavumela ukuba babhekane nezinselele zendawo abahlala kuyo, bathole ukudla, futhi bazivikele ezingozini. Ikhono labo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokusebenzisa lawa makhono libanike ithuba lokuncintisana elibavumela ukuba babe yizilwane ezihamba phambili eMhlabeni.

9. Ukufuduka kanye Nenani labantu Beplanethi: I-Homo sapiens Emazwekazini Ahlukene

Ucwaningo lokufuduka kanye nokuhlaliswa kweplanethi nguHomo sapiens lubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuvela kwesintu. Ngo kuwo wonke umlando, abantu baye bathutha futhi bahlala emazwenikazi ahlukene, bajwayelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene futhi bakhiqiza ingcebo yamasiko eyingqayizivele esifundeni ngasinye.

Ukufuduka kwabantu kwaqala cishe eminyakeni engu-70,000 edlule, lapho amaHomo sapiens okuqala eshiya i-Afrika futhi ahlakazeka emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kunyakaza kwabantu kokuqala kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngezinyawo, kulandelwa izindlela zomhlaba nolwandle. Isibonelo esaziwayo ukufuduka ukuwela iBering Strait kuya eMelika, okwavumela ukuhlaliswa kwezwekazi laseMelika.

Njengoba ukufuduka kwabantu kwakuqhubeka, amaHomo sapiens abhekana nezinselele ezihlukahlukene zemvelo namasiko. Bafunda ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, ukushoda kwezinsiza nezindlela ezahlukene zokuphila ezwenikazi ngalinye. Lokhu kuzivumelanisa nezimo kwaholela ekwahlukaneni kwamasiko abantu, okwabangela ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, izinhlelo zenhlangano yezenhlalo nezinkolelo zezenkolo. Ucwaningo lokufuduka kwabantu kanye nenani labantu beplanethi kusivumela ukuthi sibonge ikhono elimangalisayo le-Homo sapiens lokuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi lichume ezimeni ezihlukahlukene.

10. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu bokuqala kanye nemvelo yabo yemvelo

Isisekelo sasibalulekile ekusindeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Amadoda asendulo ayethembele kakhulu emvelweni ukuze athole ukudla, indawo yokuhlala, nezinto zokwakha amathuluzi. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola ukuthi amadoda akudala azijwayela kanjani nendawo yawo nokuthi lokhu kwawavumela kanjani ukuthi achume ezindaweni ezahlukene. Sizobona nokuthi lokhu kusebenzisana kwabeka kanjani isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa okwalandela kwempucuko yabantu.

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. Abantu bokuqala bafunda ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezinikezwa yimvelo ngempumelelo. Ngokwesibonelo, bafunda ukuzingela izilwane ukuze bathole inyama, isikhumba, namathambo, nokuqoqa izitshalo ezidliwayo ukuze badle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basebenzisa izinto zemvelo ezitholakala endaweni abahlala kuyo ukuze benze amathuluzi, njengamatshe abukhali okusika nezikhumba zezilwane zokugqoka.

Esinye isici esibalulekile se-mobility. Njengoba amaqembu abantu esakazeka ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe, ahlangabezana nezindawo zemvelo ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kwakudinga amadoda okuqala ukuba azivumelanise nezimo ezihlukahlukene futhi afunde ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezitholakala endaweni ngayinye. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezisogwini, bafunda ukudoba nokuqoqa amagobolondo, kuyilapho ezindaweni ezisezintabeni bahlakulela izindlela zokuzingela nezindlela zokuqoqa ezazivumelana naleyo ndawo. Leli khono lokuhamba nokuzivumelanisa nezimo lalibalulekile kumadoda okuqala ukuqoqa izifunda ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.

11. I-Rock Art: Izinkulumo Zokudala Zamadoda Okuqala

Ubuciko be-rock wukubonakaliswa kwamasiko okushiye imikhondo ebalulekile emlandweni wesintu. Ziyizinkulumo zokudala zamadoda okuqala ezingatholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Lezi zithombe zobuciko zenziwe ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule emigedeni, emadwaleni nasezindongeni, futhi zisivumela ukuba sazi ukuthi okhokho bethu babecabanga futhi baxhumana kanjani.

I-rock art inenani elikhulu lemivubukulo kanye ne-anthropological. Ngezibalo, imibala namasu asetshenzisiwe, singakwazi ukufunda ngempilo yansuku zonke, izinkolelo zenkolo kanye nemikhuba yemiphakathi yakudala. Lezi zithombe zisitshela izindaba mayelana nobudlelwane bomuntu nemvelo, ukuzingela, ukudoba kanye nezolimo, kanye nezinganekwane kanye nezidalwa ezingaphezu kwemvelo ezazikholelwa kuzo.

Ukuze batadishe ubuciko be-rock, abavubukuli kanye nochwepheshe basebenzisa izindlela zesayensi ezihlukene, njengokuqomisana nge-radiocarbon, ukuthwebula izithombe zedijithali, nezindlela zokonga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuvikela nokulondoloza lezi zindawo zemivubukulo, njengoba ziyingxenye yamagugu ethu amasiko futhi zisivumela ukuba siqonde kangcono umlando wethu. Ubuciko be-rock buyigugu eliyigugu okufanele siwazise futhi sisabalalise ukuze izizukulwane ezizayo zikwazise futhi zifunde kuwo.

12. Amathuluzi Nobuchwepheshe: I-Innovation in Prehistory

Phakathi ne-Prehistory, abantu bathuthukise amathuluzi amasha kanye nobuchwepheshe obavumela ukuba baphile futhi baphumelele endaweni enobutha. Lokhu kuthuthuka bekuyisisekelo ekuguqukeni kwezinhlobo zethu zezilwane futhi kwabeka isisekelo sokutholwa nokuthuthuka kwesikhathi esizayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola amanye amathuluzi aphawuleka kakhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe be-Prehistory.

- Itshe eliqoshiwe: Enye yezinto ezintsha zokuqala futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu zobuchwepheshe ze-Prehistory kwaba ukudalwa kwamathuluzi amatshe aqoshiwe. Abantu bafunda ukubumba amatshe besebenzisa imivimbo elawulwayo, okubavumela ukuba benze amathuluzi abukhali anjengemikhonto, imimese neziklwebhi. Lawa mathuluzi ayebalulekile ekuzingeleni, ekuvikeleni nasekutholeni ukudla.

- Umlilo: Ikhono lokulawula nokusebenzisa umlilo lalibuye libe intuthuko ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe ku-Prehistory. Umlilo wawunikeza ukushisa, ukukhanya, nokuvikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ebusuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayivumela ukudla ukuthi kuphekwe, okwathuthukisa ukunambitheka kwayo nokugaya. Umlilo wawusetshenziswa futhi ukuze kuqiniswe amathiphu emikhonto nemicibisholo, okuwenza aphumelele ekuzingeleni.

- Ubuciko be-rock: Okunye ukubonakaliswa okuphawulekayo kokuqanjwa kwe-Prehistory kwaba ubuciko be-rock. Abantu badale imidwebo nemidwebo ezindongeni zemigede nezindawo zokukhosela zamadwala besebenzisa izingulube zemvelo. Lezi zithombe zobuciko azibonisi nje kuphela ikhono lokudala lokhokho bethu, kodwa futhi zinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nendlela yabo yokuphila, izinkolelo kanye nemikhuba yabo.

Kafushane, amathuluzi nobuchwepheshe obakhiwe ngesikhathi se-Prehistory kwakubalulekile ekusindeni nasekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo kwabantu. Kusukela ekudalweni kwamathuluzi amatshe aqoshiwe kuya ekwazisweni komlilo nokuveza ubuciko ngobuciko be-rock, lokhu kuthuthuka kwabeka isisekelo sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yesintu. I-Innovation in Prehistory ibonisa amandla okudala nokuvumelana nezimo kokhokho bethu, futhi isisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono izimpande zethu kanye nezimpumelelo zobuchwepheshe esizithatha njengezibalulekile namuhla.

13. Izici Zemiphakathi Yangaphambi Komlando: Inhlangano Nesakhiwo

Imiphakathi yangaphambi komlando ibonakala ngenhlangano nesakhiwo sayo esithile. Le miphakathi ikakhulukazi yayiyimizulane, okusho ukuthi Abazange bazinze endaweni eyodwa, kodwa bahamba njalo befuna izinsiza nokudla. Le ndlela yokuphila yokuzulazula yayidinga ukuhleleka komphakathi okunembe nesakhiwo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusinda kweqembu.

Ukuhlelwa kwemiphakathi yangaphambi komlando ngokuvamile kwakusekelwe emindenini noma ezizweni, okwakungamaqembu abantu abahlobene komunye nomunye ngezibopho zomndeni. Lezi zinyunithi zemindeni emincane zahlanganiswa zaba imiphakathi emikhulu, lapho umuntu ngamunye edlala indima ethile ekusindeni kweqembu. Eminye imisebenzi yabelwa amadoda, njengokuzingela nokuvikela iqembu, kanti eminye yayiwumthwalo wabesifazane, njengokuqoqa ukudla nokunakekela izingane.

Isakhiwo senhlalo yemiphakathi yangaphambi komlando sasisekelwe eminyakeni yobudala kanye nolwazi. Abadala babenendima ebalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo futhi babehlonishwa ngenxa yokuhlakanipha nolwazi lwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwasungulwa izinkambiso nemithetho phakathi komphakathi ukuze kugcinwe ukuhleleka nokuzwana. Le mithetho yadluliselwa kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye futhi yalandelwa ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusinda kweqembu endaweni enobutha.

14. Iziphetho: Ukubaluleka Nefa Lamadoda Okuqala Ngaphambili

Kafushane, amadoda okuqala emlandweni wangaphambili adlala indima ebalulekile ekuziphendukeleni kwesintu. Ukutholwa kwabo, amathuluzi kanye namasu kwabeka izisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kwemiphakathi yethu yamanje. Ukubaluleka kwabo kulele ekutheni babeyizingqalabutho ekusebenziseni umlilo, ukuzingela, ukuqoqa kanye nokwenza amathuluzi.

Ifa lamadoda okuqala emlandweni alinakuphikwa. Ulwazi nentuthuko yabo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, njengezolimo, ezokwakha kanye nezobuciko, kwabeka izisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kwempucuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono labo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuphila endaweni enobutha libonisa ubuhlakani nobuhlakani bezinhlobo zethu zezilwane kusukela ekuqaleni kwazo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kwamadoda okuqala emlandweni, njengoba ifa lawo lihlala kuze kube yilolu suku. Abakutholile kanye nezimpumelelo zabo kube yisiqalo sokuthuthuka kwesintu, futhi kube nesisekelo senqubekelaphambili kanye nokutholwayo kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukuqonda okwedlule kusivumela ukuthi siqonde kangcono imanje futhi sakhe ikusasa eliqinile elisekelwe olwazini nasezihlokweni zalabo abeza ngaphambi kwethu.

Kafushane, I-Prehistory iyisiteji esithakazelisayo emlandweni wesintu esibonakala ngokungabikho kokubhala kanye nokuba khona kwemiphakathi yabazingeli abaqoqayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izigaba ezihlukahlukene zingabonakala ezibonisa ukuvela nokuthuthuka kwezinhlobo zethu zezilwane.

Isigaba sokuqala, esaziwa ngokuthi i-Paleolithic, sibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi amatshe nokuzingela izilwane. Ama-hominids angalesi sikhathi ayeyimizulane futhi encike ngokuqondile emvelweni ukuze aphile.

Isigaba esilandelayo, i-Mesolithic, sibonakala ngenguquko ebheke ekuxhashazweni okukhulu kwemithombo yemvelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuqashelwa ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amathuluzi, kanye nekhono elikhulu lokuzingela nokuqoqa.

Ekugcineni, isigaba sokugcina se-Prehistory yi-Neolithic, ngaleso sikhathi uguquko lwenzeka endleleni yokuphila yamadoda okuqala. Ezolimo kanye nokulima kwemfuyo kuyathuthukiswa, okuvumela ukuthi imiphakathi yabantu ihlale phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwavela izinhlobo zokuqala zenhlangano yezenhlalakahle futhi kwasungulwa izindawo zokuhlala ezihlala unomphela.

Ekupheleni kwe-Prehistory, umlando ngokwawo uqala, ngokuvela kwempucuko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokubhala. Nokho, ukubaluleka kwala madoda okuqala nefa lawo kusekhona nanamuhla. I-Study Prehistory isivumela ukuthi siqonde umlando wethu futhi sazise intuthuko esiyenzile njengohlobo lwezilwane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ekuphetheni, I-Prehistory iyisiteji esibalulekile ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo komuntu, okumakwe ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene ezibonisa ukuguquguquka kanye namandla okusinda okhokho bethu. Ukwazi izici nezimpumelelo zamadoda okuqala kusinikeza umbono ophelele wobuntu bethu njengezinhlobo zezilwane.