Isizukulwane sokuqala samakhompyutha Kwaphawula ukuqala kwenkathi yamakhompiyutha, enemishini eyayilingana nekamelo futhi inekhono elilinganiselwe uma iqhathaniswa namakhompyutha esimanje. Lawa makhompyutha avela ngeminyaka yawo-1940 futhi amelela uguquko ekucutshungulweni kwedatha. Naphezu kokulinganiselwa kwayo, le mishini yangaphambi kwesikhathi yabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha futhi yavula indlela yezizukulwane zamakhompuyutha eziwalandelayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izici ezifanele kakhulu isizukulwane sokuqala samakhompyutha, ukubaluleka kwayo emlandweni wezobuchwepheshe kanye nefa lakho emhlabeni wanamuhla.
- Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ➡️ Isizukulwane sokuqala samaKhompiyutha
- Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ➡️ Isizukulwane Sokuqala Samakhompyutha
- Amakhompyutha we- Isizukulwane Sokuqala Zathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1940 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1950.
- Le mishini iphawulwe ngokusetshenziswa amavalvu okuhlanza ukucubungula nokugcina idatha.
- Esinye sezibonelo ezidume kakhulu zalesi sizukulwane yikhompyutha. I-ENIAC, eyathatha indawo enkulu futhi yadla inani elikhulu lamandla.
- Amakhompyutha alesi sikhathi ayenensa kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa namakhompyutha anamuhla, futhi amandla awo okucubungula ayelinganiselwe kakhulu.
- Naphezu kokulinganiselwa kwayo, le mishini yabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obungadala amakhompyutha esiwasebenzisayo namuhla.
Imibuzo Nezimpendulo
Isizukulwane sokuqala samakhompyutha
Siyini isizukulwane sokuqala samakhompyutha?
- Isizukulwane sokuqala samakhompyutha ibhekisela esikhathini esiphakathi kuka-1940 no-1956, esibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwama-vacuum valve ukucubungula ulwazi.
Iziphi izici eziyinhloko Zesizukulwane Sokuqala Samakhompiyutha?
- Basebenzisa ama-vacuum valves.
- Zazinkulu futhi zithatha indawo enkulu.
- Ayenensa kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa namakhompyutha esimanje.
Ayengobani “amaphayona ekuthuthukisweni” kweSizukulwane Sokuqala samaKhompiyutha?
- Amaphayona ayinhloko ekuthuthukisweni kwesizukulwane sokuqala samakhompyutha kwakungososayensi nonjiniyela abavela emanyuvesi nezinkampani ezihlukahlukene, njenge-IBM neBell Labs.
Kwakuyini ukusetshenziswa kwamakhompyutha esizukulwane sokuqala?
- Ayesetshenziselwa kakhulu izibalo zesayensi nezempi, njengakuphrojekthi yaseManhattan.
Yayiyini imikhawulo yesizukulwane sokuqala samakhompiyutha?
- Ayengathembekile ngenxa yobuthakathaka bamavalvu evacuum.
- Zakha ukushisa okukhulu futhi zadla amandla amaningi.
Kungani isizukulwane sokuqala samakhompyutha sithathwa njengesibalulekile?
- Ibalulekile ngoba yabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kwamakhompyutha nobuchwepheshe bolwazi.
Yiziphi intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe eziphawule ukuphela kwesizukulwane sokuqala samaKhompiyutha?
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-transistor kwaba intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ebaluleke kakhulu eyaphawula ukuphela kwesizukulwane sokuqala samakhompyutha.
Ingabe zikhona izibonelo zamakhompiyutha esizukulwane sokuqala asaphila namuhla?
- Yebo, zikhona izibonelo ezithile kumamnyuziyamu nasemaqoqweni angasese, njenge-ENIAC, enye yamakhompuyutha enhloso evamile yokuqala.
Ubuchwepheshe buguquke kanjani kusukela esizukulwaneni sokuqala samaKhompiyutha?
- Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe kusukela esizukulwaneni sokuqala samakhompyutha bekumangalisa, kudlula kuma-transistors, ama-microprocessors, amasistimu wokusebenza kanye nokuncishiswa okuncane kwezingxenye, okukhulise inkathi yesimanje yamakhompyutha.
Ngingafunda kuphi okwengeziwe ngesizukulwane sokuqala samakhompyutha?
- Kunenqwaba yezincwadi, izindatshana, nezinsiza eziku-inthanethi ezihlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nesizukulwane sokuqala samakhompyutha, kanye namamnyuziyamu ekhompyutha anikeza imibukiso nokuvakasha okuqondisiwe.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.