Yini isiphazamisi?

Emkhathini ohehayo wezinhlelo, kunetemu elinganikeza noma yimuphi unjiniyela ukugodola: bug. ⁤Lawa maphutha amancane noma amaphutha kukhodi angaphenduka amaphupho amabi wangempela uma engatholwa futhi axazululwe ngesikhathi. Kulesi ⁤ isihloko, sikumema ukuthi ungene emhlabeni othokozisayo wezimbungulu, uthole ukuthi ziyini, ukuthi zivela kanjani nezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokubhekana nazo. Lungela ukuqalisa i-adventure egcwele izinselelo nokufunda okuzokusiza ube umzingeli wezinambuzane wangempela.

Yini isiphazamisi?

Isiphazamisi, esimweni sokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, sisho iphutha, ukwehluleka noma iphutha kuhlelo noma isistimu ebangela ukuziphatha okungalindelekile noma okungalungile. Lawa maphutha angazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kokudidayo okuncane okubonakalayo kuye ekuqedeleni ukuphahlazeka kohlelo lokusebenza.⁤ Iziphazamisi azigwemeki ohlelweni lokuthuthukiswa, kodwa okubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungazikhomba kanjani futhi uzixazulule ngempumelelo.

Umsuka wezimbungulu

Izimbungulu zingavela ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• • Amaphutha ohlelo: Onjiniyela bangabantu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, bangenza amaphutha lapho bebhala ikhodi. Kusukela ku-typo elula ukuya ku-logic engalungile, lawa maphutha angaholela kuziphazamisi.

• • Izinguquko ezidingekayo⁤: Njengoba iphrojekthi iqhubeka, izimfuneko zingase zishintshe, okungase kubangele ukungqubuzana kwekhodi ekhona futhi kubangele iziphazamisi.

• • Ukusebenzisana okungalindelekile: Lapho izingxenye ezihlukene noma amamojula wesistimu esebenzisana namanye, ukuziphatha okungalindelekile kungase kuphakame okungacatshangwanga phakathi nomklamo.

• • Izimo zokusebenza: Iziphazamisi zingase futhi zivele ngenxa yomehluko ezindaweni zesikhathi sokusebenza, njengezinguqulo ezihlukile zesiphequluli, amasistimu okusebenza, noma ukulungiselelwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha.

Izinhlobo zezimbungulu

Iziphazamisi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngomthelela nobukhulu bazo:

1. • Izimbungulu ezibucayi: Yilawo avimbela ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwesistimu futhi adinga isisombululo esisheshayo.

• • Izimbungulu ezinkulu: Zithinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwesofthiwe, kodwa zingavimbeli ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwayo.

• • Iziphazamisi ezincane: Amaphutha angathinti kakhulu ukusebenza kwesistimu, kodwa angabangela ukucasuka noma imiphumela engalindelekile.

• • Iziphazamisi zezimonyo: Babhekisela ezinkingeni ezibonakalayo noma zedizayini ezingaphazamisi ukusebenza kwesofthiwe, kodwa ezingaba nomthelela kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi.

Ukutholwa kwesiphazamisi

Kunamasu namathuluzi ahlukahlukene okuthola iziphazamisi ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware:

• • Pruebas unitarias: Bagxila ekuhloleni ingxenye ngayinye noma iyunithi yekhodi iyodwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe⁢ ukusebenza kwayo okulungile.

• • Pruebas de integración: Baqinisekisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamamojula ahlukene noma izingxenye zesistimu ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi asebenzisana ngendlela efanele.

• • Ukuhlolwa kokwamukela: Zenziwa ngokubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzisi bokugcina ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isofthiwe ihlangabezana nezidingo nokulindelwe.

• • Amathuluzi okuhlaziya aqinile: Bahlaziya ikhodi yomthombo besesha amaphethini noma⁤ izinqubo ezingase⁤ zibonise ukuba khona kweziphazamisi.

• • Herramientas de depuración: Zikuvumela ukuthi wenze ikhodi ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, uhlole okuguquguqukayo futhi uthole amaphutha ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ukulungiswa kweziphazamisi

Uma isiphazamisi sesikhonjiwe, kubalulekile ukusisingatha ngendlela ehlelekile:

1. • Yenza kabusha isiphazamisi: ⁣Zama ukuphinda udale isimo esiqondile lapho iphutha lenzeka khona ukuze uqonde kangcono imbangela nokuziphatha kwaso.

• • Qoqa ulwazi: Thola imininingwane mayelana nemvelo, izinyathelo ezithathiwe, nanoma iyiphi idatha efanele engasiza esixazululweni.

• • Hlaziya ikhodi: Buyekeza kahle ikhodi ehlobene nesiphazamisi, ufuna amaphutha okungenzeka noma ukungahambisani.

• • Sebenzisa isisombululo: ⁤ Uma ⁤imbangela yesiphazamisi isihlonziwe, thuthukisa futhi usebenzise isisombululo esifanele.

• • Qinisekisa isisombululo: Yenza ukuhlola okubanzi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi iphutha lixazululiwe futhi awekho amaphutha amasha athuliwe.

Imikhuba emihle yokugwema iziphazamisi

Nakuba izimbungulu zingenakugwenywa, kunemikhuba emihle enganciphisa ukubukeka kwazo:

• • Umklamo we-Modular: Ihlukanisa isistimu ibe izingxenye ezizimele nezichazwe kahle ukuze kube lula ukutholwa nokulungiswa kweziphazamisi.

• • Ikhodi ehlanzekile: Bhala ikhodi efundekayo, eyakhiwe kahle futhi ebhalwe phansi, ulandele izinqubo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlela.

• • Ukubuyekezwa kwekhodi: Yenza ukubuyekezwa kwekhodi okuvamile nabanye onjiniyela ukuze uhlonze izinkinga ezingase zibe khona nokuthuthukiswa.

• • Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo: Sebenzisa ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo okusebenza njalo ukuze uthole iziphazamisi kusenesikhathi.

• • Control de versiones: Sebenzisa isistimu yokulawula inguqulo ukuze ugcine irekhodi lezinguquko zekhodi futhi wenze kube lula ukusebenzisana phakathi konjiniyela.

Emkhathini ojabulisayo wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, izimbungulu zingabangane abaqhubekayo abasibekela inselelo futhi basiqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthuka. Ukuziqonda, ukuzitholela, nokuzixazulula ngempumelelo kuyikhono elibalulekile kunoma yimuphi unjiniyela. Khumbula ukuthi zonke iziphazamisi ziyithuba lokufunda, ukukhulisa nokuqinisa amakhono akho kulo mkhakha othokozisayo.​ Ngakho-ke ungesabi ukubhekana nazo, yamukela inselele futhi ube umpetha wangempela kubuciko bokuzingela izimbungulu.

Uma ufuna ukujula nakakhulu esihlokweni, sincoma ukuthi uhlole izinsiza ezilandelayo:

• • Bugzilla: Ithuluzi elidumile lokulandelela iziphazamisi⁤ elisetshenziswa amaphrojekthi esofthiwe amaningi.

• • SonarQube: Inkundla yokuhlola ikhwalithi yekhodi eqhubekayo esiza ukuhlonza nokulungisa iziphazamisi.

• • Jira: Ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi nethuluzi lokulandelela iziphazamisi elisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe.