Emkhakheni wokuphepha kolwazi, ukubethela kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuvikela ubumfihlo nobuqotho bedatha. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini ukubethela nokuthi kusebenza kanjani. Leli phepha elimhlophe lihlose ukuhlinzeka ngokubheka okujulile ekubetheleni, inhloso yakho kanye nokubaluleka kwakho ekuvikeleni idatha ebucayi. esikhathini sedijithali. Kusukela ezimisweni eziyisisekelo kuye kuma-algorithms athuthuke kakhulu kanye nezivumelwano, sizohlola izisekelo zokubethela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, sinikeze ukuqonda okuqinile kwaleli thuluzi lokuvikela elibalulekile.
1. Isingeniso sokubethela: Imiqondo esemqoka nemibandela
Ukubethela kuyinqubo esetshenziselwa ukuvikela imininingwane ebucayi, iqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abagunyaziwe kuphela abangafinyelela kuyo. Kulesi sigaba, sizokwethula imiqondo eyinhloko nemigomo ehlobene nokubethela, okukuvumela ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukuthi kusebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ekuvikelekeni kolwazi.
Omunye wemiqondo eyisisekelo ekubetheleni i-cryptographic algorithm. Le algorithm iwuchungechunge lwezinyathelo zezibalo eziklanyelwe ukuguqula idatha efundekayo ibe ifomethi engafundeki, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ciphertext. I-algorithm esetshenzisiwe kufanele ibe namandla futhi imelane nanoma yimuphi umzamo wokuyisusa, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kolwazi.
Elinye igama elibalulekile ekubetheleni ukhiye we-cryptographic. Ukhiye we-cryptographic uyinani eliyimfihlo elisetshenziswa i-algorithm ukuze ubethele futhi ukhiphe idatha. Ukubethela kwe-Symmetric kusebenzisa ukhiye ofanayo kuyo yomibili imisebenzi, kuyilapho ukubethela kwe-asymmetric kusebenzisa ukhiye osesidlangalaleni ukuze ubethele kanye nokhiye oyimfihlo ukuze ususe ukubethela. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amandla okubethela ancike kakhulu ekuvikelekeni kokhiye osetshenzisiwe.
2. Izinhlobo zokubethela: Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe
Emhlabeni Ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha, ukubethela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvikela ulwazi olubucayi. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokubethela ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha. Kulokhu kubheka okujulile, sizocubungula izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubethela futhi sihlole ukuthi zisebenza kanjani.
- Ukubethela kwe-Symmetric: Lolu hlobo lokubethela lusebenzisa ukhiye owodwa kukho kokubili ukubethela nokususa idatha. Kuyindlela esheshayo nesebenzayo, kodwa inobubi bokuthi ukhiye kumele kwabelwane ngawo ngokuphephile phakathi komthumeli nomamukeli. Amanye ama-algorithms wokubethela we-symmetric asetshenziswa kabanzi ahlanganisa i-AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) kanye ne-DES (Izinga Lokubethela Kwedatha).
- Ukubethela kwe-Asymmetric: Ngokungafani nokubethela kwe-symmetric, kulolu hlobo lokubethela kusetshenziswa okhiye ababili abahlukene: ukhiye womphakathi kanye nokhiye oyimfihlo. Ukhiye osesidlangalaleni usetshenziselwa ukubethela idatha, kuyilapho ukhiye oyimfihlo usetshenziselwa ukususa ukubethela. Lokhu kuvumela ukuxhumana okuphephile ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwabelana ngokhiye oyimfihlo phakathi kwezinhlangothi. Ukubethela kwe-asymmetric kusetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrothokholi okuvikela njenge-SSL/TLS.
- Ukubethela okuHybrid: Lolu hlobo lokubethela luhlanganisa izinzuzo zokubethela kwe-symmetric kanye ne-asymmetric. Kule sistimu, ukhiye we-symmetric usetshenziselwa ukubethela idatha, futhi ngemva kwalokho, ukhiye we-symmetric ubethelwa kusetshenziswa ukubethela kwe-asymmetric. Lokhu kunikeza ukuvikeleka okukhulu, njengoba isikhathi ngasinye ukuxhumana kusungulwa, ukhiye omusha we-symmetric uyakhiqizwa ukuze ubethele idatha. Ukubethela okuhlanganisiwe kusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi zokuphepha zolwazi, njenge-PGP (Imfihlo Enhle Kahle).
Ngamafuphi, ukubethela kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kolwazi. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubethela nokuthi zisebenza kanjani kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha. Ukusuka ekubetheleni kokulinganisa kuye ekubetheleni okuxubile, indlela ngayinye inezici zayo ezithize kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokusebenzisa ukubethela okufanele esimweni ngasinye, singakwazi ukuvikela idatha yethu ngempumelelo.
3. Ama-symmetric kanye nama-asymmetric ciphers: Umehluko kanye nokusetshenziswa
Ama-symmetric kanye nama-asymmetric cipher ayizinhlobo ezimbili zama-cryptographic algorithms asetshenziselwa ukuvikela ulwazi oludluliswa ngamanethiwekhi noma olugcinwe kumasistimu. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo usendleleni ukhiye wokubethela ophathwa ngayo. Ekubetheleni kwe-symmetric, ukhiye owodwa oyimfihlo usetshenziswa kukho kokubili ukubethela nokukhishwa kwedatha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekubhalweni kwe-asymmetric, kusetshenziswa okhiye ababili abahlukene, oyedwa osesidlangalaleni noyedwa oyimfihlo, ukwenza le misebenzi.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yokubethela kwe-symmetric ijubane nokusebenza kahle kwayo, njengoba inqubo yokubethela kanye ne-decryption ilula ngokusebenzisa ukhiye owodwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubethela kwe-asymmetric kunikeza ukuvikeleka okukhulu, njengoba ukhiye oyimfihlo ungakaze wabiwe noma uvezwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa ma-algorithms avumela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinhlangothi ezithintekayo ekudlulisweni kwedatha.
Ngokushesha uma kuzinhlelo zokusebenza, ama-symmetric cipher alungele ukubethela imiqulu emikhulu yedatha, njengamafayela noma ama-hard drive, njengoba zinikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-asymmetric cipher asetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakazeni ubuqiniso kwabasebenzisi nezinsizakalo, kanye nokusayinwa kwedijithali kwamadokhumenti, okuqinisekisa ubuqotho nokuqinisekiswa kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa ma-algorithms abalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezivumelwano zokuphepha ezifana ne-SSL/TLS ekuphequluleni iwebhu.
4. Ukubethela kokhiye womphakathi: Kusebenza kanjani futhi yiziphi izinzuzo zako?
Ukubethela kokhiye osesidlangalaleni kuyindlela yokubhala esebenzisa okhiye ababili abahlukene, oyedwa osesidlangalaleni noyedwa oyimfihlo. Le nqubo isebenzisa ama-algorithms ezibalo ukuze ibethele futhi isuse ukubethela imiyalezo, iqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kanye nobuqotho bolwazi oludlulisiwe. Okulandelayo, sizochaza ukuthi lolu hlobo lokubethela lusebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zalo eziyinhloko.
Kusebenza kanjani ukubethela ukhiye womphakathi?
1. Isizukulwane esingukhiye: Inqubo iqala ngokukhiqiza ipheya yokhiye, oyedwa osesidlangalaleni noyedwa oyimfihlo. Ukhiye ngamunye uhlukile futhi uhlotshaniswa nomuntu noma ibhizinisi.
2. Ukubethelwa komlayezo: Ukuze uthumele umlayezo ovikelekile, umthumeli usebenzisa ukhiye osesidlangalaleni womamukeli ukuze awubhale ngekhodi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuguqula umlayezo wangempela ube uchungechunge lwezinhlamvu ezingafundeki yinoma ubani ongenawo ukhiye oyimfihlo ohambisanayo.
3. Ukususwa komlayezo wokubhala ngekhodi: Uma umlayezo obethelwe usufinyelele kumamukeli, basebenzisa ukhiye wabo oyimfihlo ukuze awususe bese ubuyisela umlayezo wokuqala. Umamukeli kuphela ongenza lesi senzo, njengoba nguye kuphela onokhiye oyimfihlo odingekayo.
Izinzuzo zokubethela kokhiye osesidlangalaleni
- Ukuphepha: Inzuzo enkulu yokubethela kokhiye womphakathi ukuthi inikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha. Ngenxa yokuthi okhiye bahlukile futhi umamukeli kuphela onokhiye oyimfihlo odingekayo ukuze kususwe ukubethela komlayezo, ulwazi luhlala luyimfihlo.
- Ubuqiniso: Ukusetshenziswa kokhiye basesidlangalaleni nabayimfihlo futhi kuvumela ubuqiniso bomthumeli ukuthi buqinisekiswe. Ngokusebenzisa ukhiye oyimfihlo ukuze usayine umlayezo ngokwedijithali, umamukeli angaqinisekisa ukuthi uvela kumuntu olindelekile noma ibhizinisi, agweme ukuntshontshwa kobunikazi obungaba khona.
- Ukuqina: Ukubethela kokhiye basesidlangalaleni kungakala kakhulu, okusho ukuthi kungasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ezifana namanethiwekhi ekhompyutha noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yisixazululo esiguquguqukayo sokuvikela ulwazi ezindaweni nezimo ezahlukahlukene.
5. Ukubethela Okuyimfihlo Kokhiye: Okuyisisekelo Nokusetshenziswa Okuvamile
Ukubethela kokhiye oyimfihlo kuyindlela eyimfihlo esetshenziselwa ukuvikela ubumfihlo bolwazi. Umqondo ngale nqubo ukusebenzisa ukhiye oyimfihlo ukuze ubethele futhi ukhiphe ukubethela idatha. Ngokungafani nokubethela kokhiye osesidlangalaleni, lapho ukhiye owodwa usetshenziselwa ukubethela futhi omunye ukukhishwa kwemfihlo, ekubetheleni kokhiye oyimfihlo ukhiye ofanayo usetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinqubo.
Ukubethela kokhiye oyimfihlo kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho isivinini nokusebenza kubalulekile, njengokuxhumana okuvikelekile phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili. Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwale ndlela kufaka phakathi ukuvikela idatha ebucayi njengamaphasiwedi, ulwazi lwezezimali, nemilayezo eyimfihlo. Isetshenziswa futhi ku izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukugcinwa kwedatha ngokuphephile, kanye nasekuhwebeni kwe-inthanethi nokubhanga ku-inthanethi.
Kunama-algorithms ambalwa wokubethela okhiye oyimfihlo asetshenziswayo okwamanje. Okunye okudume kakhulu kufaka i-symmetric encryption algorithm DES (Data Encryption Standard), AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), kanye ne-asymmetric encryption algorithm RSA. Ngayinye yalawa ma-algorithms inezici zayo kanye namazinga okuphepha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha efaneleka kakhulu ngokusekelwe kuzimfuneko ezithile zokuphepha zecala ngalinye.
6. Ama-Algorithms Wokubethela Adume Kakhulu: Indlela Yobuchwepheshe namandla
Ama-algorithms wokubethela adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kolwazi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ama-algorithms wokubethela adume kakhulu kusuka kundlela yobuchwepheshe futhi sihlaziye amandla awo.
1. I-AES (Indinganiso Yokubethela Ethuthukisiwe): Le algorithm ye-symmetric encryption ibhekwa njengenye enamandla kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi. Isebenzisa amabhulokhi angu-128-bit kanye nokhiye abangu-128, 192, noma abangu-256-bit. Amandla e-AES alele ejubaneni layo lokubhala ngemfihlo, ukumelana nokuhlaselwa kwendluzula, kanye nokutholwa kwayo yizinhlangano emhlabeni jikelele.
2. I-RSA: Ngokungafani ne-AES, i-RSA iyi-algorithm ye-asymmetric encryption esebenzisa ipheya yokhiye (esesidlangalaleni nesiyimfihlo). Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwedatha ezinhlelweni ezifana nokushintshisana kokhiye, amasignesha edijithali kanye nokuqinisekisa. Amandla e-RSA alele ebunzimeni bekhompiyutha bokufaka izinombolo eziyinhloko, okwenza ukuqhafaza ukhiye kube umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka wamakhompyutha avamile.
3. Inhlanzi Ebomvu: Le algorithm yokubethela elinganayo ibonakala ngokusebenza kwayo ngezindlela eziningi nokusebenza kahle ekubetheleni nasekususeni ukubethela imiqulu emikhulu yedatha. Kuyi-algorithm yokhiye oguquguqukayo, okusho ukuthi ingasekela okhiye ukusuka ku-32 kuya ku-448 bits. Nakuba ingamukelwa kabanzi njenge-AES noma i-RSA, igcina idumela elihle emkhakheni wokuphepha kwekhompyutha.
Ngamafuphi, ama-algorithms wokubethela njenge-AES, i-RSA, ne-Blowfish adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ulwazi. Ngamunye wabo unamandla nezici ezithile ezibenza bafanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Ukukhetha i-algorithm yokubethela efaneleke kakhulu kufanele isekelwe ezimfuneko zokuphepha nezidingo ezithile zenhlangano ngayinye.
7. Izivumelwano zokubethela namuhla: Izibonelo ezifakiwe
amaphrothokholi wokubethela Njengamanje badlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kolwazi olusakazwa ngamanethiwekhi nezinhlelo. Lezi zivumelwano zivumela idatha eyimfihlo ukuthi ivikelwe kusetshenziswa amasu okubethela futhi iqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo, ubuqotho kanye nobuqiniso bolwazi.
Esinye sezibonelo ezivelele ze-encryption protocol yi- Ukuphepha Kwezingqimba Zokuthutha (TLS), esetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokuxhumana okuphephile kwe-inthanethi. I-TLS ihlinzeka ngesendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela kuphrothokholi yokuxhumana eyisisekelo, njenge-HTTP, evumela ukuxhumana okuvikelekile, okubethelwe ukuthi kusungulwe phakathi kwamaklayenti namaseva. Ukuqaliswa kwayo okuvame kakhulu kusesimweni se I-HTTPS, lapho iphrothokholi ye-HTTP ihlanganiswa ne-TLS ukuze kuvikelwe ukuxhumana kuwebhu.
Enye iphrothokholi ephawulekayo yi- Igobolondo Elivikelekile (i-SSH), esetshenziswa kakhulu ukufinyelela ukude kumaseva futhi ukhiphe imiyalo ngokuphephile. I-SSH isebenzisa amasu okuqinisekisa nawokubethela ukuze ivikele uxhumo futhi ivimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Ukwengeza, i-SSH ivumela amafayela ukuthi adluliselwe ngokuphephile ngephrothokholi. Ikhophi Evikelekile (i-SCP) futhi inikeza amandla okudlulisa izimbobo ukudala imigudu ephephile.
Lezi zibonelo eziphawulekayo zezivumelwano zokubethela zimbalwa phakathi kwezinye eziningi ezitholakalayo namuhla. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukukhetha iphrothokholi efanele kuzoncika ezidingweni ezithile zokuphepha kanye nendawo ezosetshenziswa kuyo. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso zokubethela kwezokuxhumana nezinhlelo zethu, singaqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kanye nobumfihlo bolwazi olubucayi.
8. Ukubethela ekuxhumaneni kwedijithali: Amathuluzi nezinyathelo zokuphepha
Esikhathini sedijithali, ukuphepha kokuxhumana kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ukubethela sekuphenduke ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha esakazwa nge-inthanethi. Kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene nezinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele sizicabangele ukuze sivikele ukuxhumana kwethu nokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bolwazi.
Elinye lamathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu i-Secure Sockets Layer Protocol (SSL), esebenzisa amasu okubethela ukuvikela idatha edluliswa phakathi kwesiphequluli neseva. Le phrothokholi isetshenziswa emakhasini ewebhu ukunika amandla ukuxhumeka okuvikelekile ngephrothokholi ye-HTTPS. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amawebhusayithi Sivakashele ukusebenzisa i-HTTPS futhi sinesitifiketi esivumelekile se-SSL ukuze siqinisekise ukuxhumana okuphephile.
Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwe-SSL, kuhle ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okubhala ngemfihlo ekupheleni, aqinisekisa ukuthi yilabo kuphela abathintekayo ekuxhumaneni abangakwazi ukufunda imilayezo. Amanye ala mathuluzi ahlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo ebethelwe njengeSiginali, iTelegramu noma i-WhatsApp zisebenzisa inketho yazo eyimfihlo yezingxoxo. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zisebenzisa ama-algorithms okubethela athuthukile futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi umthumeli nomamukeli kuphela abangakwazi ukususa ukubhala imilayezo eshintshiwe.
9. I-Quantum cryptography: Ikusasa lokubethela
I-Quantum cryptography iwumkhakha wocwaningo oqhubekayo ohlinzeka ngesixazululo esisha enseleleni yokubethelwa kwedatha. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zokubethela zakudala, ezithembele kuma-algorithms ezibalo ukuvikela ulwazi, i-quantum cryptography isebenzisa izimiso eziyisisekelo ze-quantum physics ukuze kuvikeleke ukuxhumana.
Omunye wemiqondo eyinhloko ku-quantum cryptography ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlayiya ze-subatomic, njengama-photons, ukuthumela ulwazi ngokuphephile. Ohlelweni lwe-quantum, ama-photon angahlukaniswa abe yizifunda ezahlukahlukene ukuze amele izingcezu zolwazi, futhi lapho ethunyelwa ngesiteshi sokuxhumana, isimo sawo se-quantum sihlala sinjalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umzamo wokuvimba ulwazi ungashintsha isimo se-quantum sama-photons, okuvumela ukuba kutholwe ukuba khona kwesigebengu.
Ukuvikeleka kwe-cryptography ye-quantum kusekelwe kumgomo wokungaqiniseki kwe-quantum, okusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukulinganisa ngesikhathi esisodwa inani eliqondile lezakhiwo ezimbili ezihambisanayo zezinhlayiyana. Isebenzisa lesi simiso, i-quantum cryptography isebenzisa i-quantum entanglement ukuze ikhiqize okhiye bokubethela abahlukile nabangahleliwe. Laba okhiye babiwa phakathi komthumeli nomamukeli wolwazi, futhi noma yimuphi umzamo wokubanqamula uzotholwa, njengoba ukulinganisa isimo se-quantum sezinhlayiya ezibhajwe kuzoshintsha isimo sazo.
10. Ukubethela ekuvikelweni kwedatha yomuntu siqu: Imithetho nokucatshangelwa
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhula okunamandla kwedatha yomuntu siqu egcinwe kumasistimu ahlukahlukene kudinga ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuvikela ezifanele. Esinye salezi zinyathelo siwukubethelwa kwedatha, okubhekisela ekuguqulweni kolwazi lube yifomethi engafundeki ngaphandle uma unokhiye wokukhipha ukubethela. Ngalo mqondo, kunemithethonqubo ebalulekile kanye nokucatshangelwa okufanele kucatshangelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kokubethela ekuvikelweni kwedatha yomuntu siqu.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthobela imithetho yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokuvikelwa kwedatha. Izibonelo zale mithetho iGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) e-European Union kanye noMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha yomuntu siqu I-USA. Le mithetho isungula izimfuneko eziyisisekelo zokucubungula idatha yomuntu siqu, okuhlanganisa nesibopho sokubethela ulwazi olubucayi.
Ngaphezu kokuhambisana nemithethonqubo, kubalulekile ukucabangela i-algorithm yokubethela esetshenzisiwe. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubethela, njengokubethela kwe-symmetric kanye nokubethela kwe-asymmetric. Ukubethela kwe-Symmetric kusebenzisa ukhiye ofanayo ukuze ubethele futhi ukhiphe ukubethela idatha, kuyilapho ukubethela kwe-asymmetric kusebenzisa okhiye ababili abahlukene: ukhiye osesidlangalaleni wokubethela kanye nokhiye oyimfihlo ukuze unqanyule. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi iyiphi i-algorithm evumelana kangcono nezidingo zokuphepha nezobumfihlo zenhlangano.
Kafushane, ukubethela ekuvikelweni kwedatha yomuntu siqu kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ubumfihlo nobuqotho bolwazi. Ukuze uyisebenzise ngokuphumelelayo, kuyadingeka ukuhambisana nemithetho yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokuhlola nokukhetha i-algorithm yokubethela efaneleke kakhulu. Ukubethela kuyithuluzi elinamandla okufanele libe yingxenye yesu lokuvikela idatha lanoma iyiphi inhlangano ephethe ulwazi olubucayi.
11. Ukuhlaselwa nokuba sengozini ekubetheleni: Ukuhlaziya ubungozi
Ukubethela kuyisici esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwedatha nobumfihlo namuhla. Kodwa-ke, alukho uhlelo lokubethela olungenangqondo futhi kunokuhlasela okuningi nokuba sengcupheni okungafaka engozini ubuqotho bolwazi oluvikelwe. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ubungozi obuhlobene nokubethela ukuze usebenzise izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha futhi unciphise izinsongo ezingaba khona.
Okunye okuvamile ukuhlaselwa kokubethela i-cryptanalysis, efuna ukwephula ukubethela ngokuhlaziya amaphethini nezici zokugeleza kwedatha. Ama-Cryptanalyst asebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene, njengokuhlaziya imvamisa, ukuhlaselwa kwesichazamazwi, namandla anonya, ukuze asuse ukubethela kolwazi oluvikelwe. Ukuze ubhekane nalezi zinhlobo zokuhlaselwa, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ama-algorithms okubethela aqinile futhi ubuyekeze okhiye bokubethela njalo.
Okunye ukuba sengozini okubalulekile okufanele kucatshangelwe kwaziwa ngele-“man-in-the-middle attack” (MITM). Kulolu hlobo lokuhlasela, inkampani yangaphandle ibamba ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili bese izenza zombili, ibavumele ukuthi bathole futhi baphathe idatha eshintshiwe. Ukuze ugweme lolu hlobo lokuba sengozini, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izimiso zokuphepha, ezifana ne-Secure Sockets Layer Protocol (SSL) noma i-Transport Layer Protocol (TLS), ehlinzeka ngokufakazela ubuqiniso kokugcina nokubethela.
12. Ukubaluleka kokubethela ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha: Ukuvikela imininingwane ebucayi
Ukubethela kuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha ukuvikela ulwazi olubucayi. Kuqukethe ukuguqula idatha ibe ifomethi engafundeki kunoma ubani ongenawo ukhiye ohambisanayo wokususa ukubethela. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho noma othile ekwazile ukufinyelela ulwazi, ngeke akwazi ukuluqonda noma alusebenzise ngonya.
Kunezindlela ezihlukene zokubethela, kusukela kuma-algorithms ayisisekelo kuye ekubetheleni kokhiye womphakathi oyinkimbinkimbi. Amanye ama-algorithms avamile ahlanganisa i-AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), i-RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman), kanye ne-DES (Data Encryption Standard), phakathi kwabanye. Lawa ma-algorithms asebenzisa amasu ahlukene ukuze abhale ikhodi futhi ahlukanise idatha, anikeze amazinga ahlukene okuphepha.
Ukubaluleka kokubethela kulele eqinisweni lokuthi kuvikela ubumfihlo nobuqotho bolwazi. Ngokubhala ngekhodi idatha, ivinjelwa ukuthi ifundwe noma ilungiswe abantu abangagunyaziwe. Ukwengeza, esimweni lapho inkampani yangaphandle ibamba idatha kukuthutha, ukubethela kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke kuqondwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukubethela ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha ukuze uqinisekise ubumfihlo kanye nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha ebucayi.
13. Ukubethela kanye Ne-inthanethi Yezinto: Izinselele Nezixazululo
Ukubethela sekuphenduke isici esibalulekile esikhaleni se-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT). Njengoba inani lamadivayisi axhunyiwe liqhubeka nokukhula, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka nobumfihlo bedatha edluliswayo negcinwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhumana okubethelwe kanye nedatha ku-IoT kuveza uchungechunge lwezinselelo kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile okufanele zicatshangelwe.
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zokubethela ku-IoT ubukhulu obulinganiselwe namandla okucubungula amadivayisi axhunyiwe. Lawa madivayisi avame ukuba nezinsiza ezikhawulelwe, okwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa ama-algorithms ajwayelekile wokubethela. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubheka izixazululo zokubethela ezingasindi nezisebenza kahle ezihambisana nezingqinamba zamadivayisi we-IoT.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye inselelo ebalulekile ukuhlukahluka kwamadivayisi nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa ku-IoT. Idivayisi ngayinye ingase isebenzise amaphrothokholi okuxhumana ahlukene futhi ibe nezidingo ezithile zokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nezixazululo zokubethela eziguquguqukayo nezinwebekayo ezingavumelana nezidingo nezakhiwo ze-IoT ezahlukene.
Isixazululo esivamile sokubhekana nalezi zinselele ukuqaliswa kokuhlanganisa ama-asymmetric kanye ne-symmetric encryption algorithms. Ama-asymmetric algorithms, afana ne-RSA, asetshenziselwa ukushintshanisa okuyinhloko kanye nokuqinisekisa, kuyilapho ama-algorithms we-symmetric, njenge-AES, asetshenziselwa ukubethela nokususa ukubethela idatha ngokwayo. Ukwengeza, kuyatuseka ukusebenzisa izivumelwano zokuphepha ezijwayelekile, njenge-TLS/SSL, ezinikeza izendlalelo ezengeziwe zokuvikela ukuxhumana kwe-IoT.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwedatha kanye nobumfihlo ku-IoT, kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuphatha eziyinhloko ezifanele. Lokhu kufaka ukukhiqizwa okuvikelekile, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokubuyekezwa kokhiye be-cryptographic abasetshenziswa enqubweni yokubethela. Ukwengeza, izinqubomgomo nezinqubo ezifanele kufanele zisungulwe ukugcinwa nokuphathwa okubalulekile, kanye nokuhoxiswa nokushintshwa lapho kwenzeka kuba sengozini noma ukulahlekelwa.
Kafushane, ukubethela ku-inthanethi Yezinto kuveza izinselele ezithile nezisombululo ngenxa yemikhawulo yensiza yamadivayisi e-IoT kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwamadivayisi nezimiso ezisetshenziswayo. Inhlanganisela yama-asymmetric and symmetric encryption algorithms, kanye nokuqaliswa kwezimiso zokuphepha ezijwayelekile kanye nezinqubo ezinhle zokulawula ukhiye, kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwedatha kanye nobumfihlo endaweni ye-IoT.
14. Ukubhala ngemfihlo kumongo we-cryptocurrencies kanye ne-blockchain: Ukubukeka kobuchwepheshe
Kumongo we-cryptocurrencies kanye ne-blockchain, ukubethela kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nobuqotho bolwazi. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-cryptographic algorithms kuvumela ukuthi ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha kuvikelwe, kanye nobuqiniso bemisebenzi okufanele buqinisekiswe.
Enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kule ndawo ukubethela kokhiye womphakathi, okusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kokhiye ababili abahlukene: oyedwa osesidlangalaleni noyedwa oyimfihlo. Ukhiye osesidlangalaleni wabiwe nabanye abasebenzisi futhi isetshenziselwa ukubethela ulwazi, kuyilapho ukhiye oyimfihlo ugcinwa uyimfihlo futhi usetshenziselwa ukuwususa ukubethela. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi umamukeli wolwazi kuphela ongafinyelela kuyo.
Ngokungeziwe ekubetheleni kokhiye womphakathi, akhona amanye amasu e-cryptographic asetshenziswa kuma-cryptocurrencies kanye ne-blockchain, njengemisebenzi ye-hash namasignesha edijithali. Imisebenzi ye-Hash ivumela noma yiliphi inani ledatha ukuthi lehliselwe kuyunithi yezinhlamvu engashintshi, okwenza kube lula ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bolwazi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasiginesha edijithali avumela ukufakazela ubunikazi bomsebenzi, njengoba asekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kokhiye basesidlangalaleni nabayimfihlo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqiniso bomlayezo. Kafushane, ukubethela kuyingxenye eyisisekelo yomhlaba we-cryptocurrencies kanye ne-blockchain, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kolwazi.
Ngamafuphi, ukubethela kuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuvikeleni ulwazi olubucayi enkathini yedijithali. Ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms ezibalo ayinkimbinkimbi, idatha yoqobo iguqulwa ibe ifomu elingafundeki yinoma yimuphi umuntu ongagunyaziwe. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ubumfihlo nobuqotho bolwazi, iqinisekisa ukuthi abamukeli abagunyaziwe kuphela abangafinyelela okuqukethwe kwayo.
Namuhla, ukubethela sekuphenduke indinganiso ekuvikelekeni kolwazi, esetshenziswa kokubili ezindaweni ezichwepheshile nasemisebenzini yethu yansuku zonke. Kubalulekile ukuqonda izimiso zayo eziyisisekelo ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi uvikele idatha yethu ngempumelelo.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukubethela akubona ubuwula. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kanjalo namasu okususa ukubethela. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlale wazi ngentuthuko ekuhlaziyweni kwe-cryptanalysis futhi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva mayelana nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokubethela.
Sengiphetha, ukubethela kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuvikela ulwazi lwethu emhlabeni wedijithali owandayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okulungile nokuqaphelayo kunomthelela ekuvikelekeni kwedatha kanye nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kolwazi olubucayi. Ukuhlala unolwazi mayelana nentuthuko yakamuva yokubethela kanye nokuqapha ubungozi obungaba khona kubalulekile ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi amasistimu ethu nokuxhumana kuhlala kuvikelekile.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.