Iyini i-hardware yekhompyutha futhi yini umsebenzi wayo?

Uma uqala emhlabeni we ukubala, Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi Iyini i-hardware yekhompyutha futhi yini umsebenzi wayo?. Amakhompiyutha ayaqhubeka ekhona ezimpilweni zethu, namuhla kunanini ngaphambili: siwasebenzisela ukutadisha, ukusebenza, ukuzijabulisa nokwenza eminye imisebenzi engapheli. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo nokusebenza kuncike ezintweni ezibonakalayo eziyenzayo, izakhi ezaziwa ngokuthi ihadiwe.

Kodwa iyini ngempela i-hardware yekhompyutha? Lokho izinhlobo zehadiwe Zikhona futhi yiziphi izakhi ezakhayo? Ziyini imisebenzi eyinhloko Yenzani izingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha? Ngezansi, uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele onakho konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nehadiwe nokubaluleka kwayo ngaphakathi kwendawo yonke yedijithali.

Iyini ihadiwe yekhompuyutha?

Ngamagama alula, i-hardware yekhompuyutha zonke izakhi zomzimba ezikwenza kube nokwenzeka futhi kwenze ukusebenza kwawo kwenzeke. Lezi zakhi zingaba izingxenye zikagesi, i-electronic, mechanical kanye ne-electromechanical. Isici sazo esiyinhloko ukuthi ziyabambeka (ziyakwazi ukubonakala futhi zithintwe), futhi zenzelwe ukusebenza zizonke.

Endabeni yamakhompuyutha asekhaya, ihadiwe ihlanganisa izinto ezifana ne qapha, ikhibhodi negundane, ikhamera yewebhu, i-motherboard, iyunithi yesitoreji noma i-RAM. Zonke lezi zingxenye zingabonakala futhi zithintwe, futhi zenza umsebenzi othile ukwenza ikhompuyutha isebenze ngendlela efanele.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-hardware yekhompyutha ngu isebenza njengokusekela ngokomzimba kanye nemoto yokusebenzisa isofthiwe efakiwe. I-software umqondo osondelene kakhulu ne-hardware, futhi ibhekisela kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezibonakalayo ezisebenza kukhompuyutha. Ngakho-ke, i-hardware kwenza kube nokwenzeka kumsebenzisi ukuthi asebenzisane nesofthiwe futhi kumvumela ukuthi ayisebenzise imisebenzi eminingi nehlukahlukene.

Enye into okufanele uyazi ngehadiwe ukuthi, ngokwezinga elikhulu, inquma isivinini nekhono lekhompyutha ukwenza imisebenzi. Lokho kusho ukuthi, Ihadiwe yekhompuyutha ibeka imikhawulo ebonakalayo ekusebenziseni amandla esofthiwe.. Isibonelo, ihadiwe enezici ezithile (ikhadi lezithombe, idrayivu yokugcina izinto, nezinye izingxenye) iyadingeka ukuze kuqalise izinhlelo ezithile noma amasistimu okusebenza. (Amafasitela, i-macOS, Linux). Lokhu kwenza kudingeke ngezinye izikhathi thuthukisa ihadiwe ye-PC ukuze ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi emisha ngaphandle kwezihibe.

Izinhlobo zezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha: Izigaba ezihlukene

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwakheka kwehadiwe kwekhompiyutha kungahluka kuye ngokuthi iyikhompuyutha yedeskithophu noma ilaptop. Nokho, kuzo zombili izimo singathola izici ezifanayo: isikrini, ikhibhodi, igundane, ibhodi lomama, iyunithi yokugcina, i-RAM, ikhamera yewebhu, njll. Manje, isethi yonke yezingxenye zehadiwe zingahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe:

• Ukubaluleka kwayo: Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha eziyisisekelo noma ezibalulekile, kanye nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezihambisanayo noma ezingasebenziseka.
• Indawo yayo noma isakhiwo: Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zangaphakathi (ngaphakathi kombhoshongo we-CPU noma ikesi) nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zangaphandle (igundane, ikhibhodi, isikrini, izipikha, njll.).
• Umsebenzi wayo: Ukucutshungulwa, ukugcinwa, okokufaka kanye nokukhipha ihadiwe.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwehadiwe ngokubaluleka kwayo

Singenza isigaba sokuqala se-hardware yekhompuyutha ngokusekelwe ekubalulekeni kwayo. Ngalo mqondo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zezingxenye: eziyisisekelo nezihambisanayo.

Ihadiwe eyisisekelo

I-hardware eyisisekelo yilokho Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ikhompuyutha isebenze. ngendlela efanele. Ngaphandle kwalezi zingxenye, bekungeke kwenzeke ukwenza ngisho nemisebenzi ejwayelekile kakhulu yekhompuyutha eyisisekelo. Eqinisweni, singasho ukuthi, ngaphandle kwengxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zingxenye, ikhompyutha ngokwayo ngeke ibe khona. Lezi zici ziyizi:

• Iprosesa (i-CPU): Kuwubuchopho bekhompyutha, kubalulekile ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi.
• Ibhodi lomama: Kufana nomgogodla oxhuma futhi oxhumanisa zonke izingxenye.
• I-RAM: Kuyinkumbulo yesikhashana, ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo kanye nokugcina idatha okwesikhashana.
• Isitoreji esiyinhloko: I-Hard drive noma i-SSD, iyunithi egcina idatha unaphakade.
• Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi: Inesibopho sokuhlinzeka amandla kuzo zonke izingxenye.

Ihadiwe eyengeziwe

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kune-hardware ehambisanayo, engabalulekile ukuze ikhompuyutha isebenze. Kunalokho, umgomo walo ngcono ukusebenza kwekhompyutha nokusebenza. Futhi fkusiza ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi neqembu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi eminingi ngendlela engcono. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• Izinto ezisetshenziswayo nezokukhipha: igundane, ikhibhodi, ikhamera yewebhu, qapha, iphrinta, njll.
• Ikhadi lesithombe: Ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yokubuka, ikakhulukazi yemidlalo kanye nokwakheka kwengcaca.
• Ikhadi lomsindo: Ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yomsindo.
• Idrayivu ye-Optical: Ufunda futhi ubhale ama-CD nama-DVD (ayanda kancane kancane).
• Amafeni namasistimu okupholisa: Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokugcina izingxenye zekhompyutha ezingeni lokushisa elifanele.

Kuya ngendawo okuyo

Uma sikhuluma ngombono, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa ihadiwe yekhompuyutha ngendawo noma ukuhlelwa kwayo. I izingxenye ezibonakala ngokucacile singababiza bangaphandle, ngenkathi labo abangabonwayo Zibizwa ngokuthi zangaphakathi. Ake sibheke izibonelo zamaqembu womabili

Ihadiwe yangaphakathi

Ihadiwe yangaphakathi ihlanganisa izici eziyisisekelo nezihambisanayookungaba:

• Iprosesa.
• Ibhodi lomama.
• Imemori ye-RAM.
• Amayunithi okugcina angaphakathi.
• Imidwebo nekhadi lomsindo.
• Abalandeli.
• Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi.

Ihadiwe yangaphandle

Ku-hardware yangaphandle yekhompuyutha sithola iningi lezingxenye ezihambisanayo, njenge:

• Ikhibhodi negundane
• Ikhamera yewebhu
• Iskena nephrinta
• Imonitha
• Izikhulumi.
• Induku Yokujabula
• Ama-hard drive angaphandle
• Idrayivu ye-USB

Ukuhlukaniswa kwehadiwe yekhompiyutha ngokuya ngomsebenzi wayo

Ekugcineni, isigaba sesithathu se-hardware yekhompiyutha sisungulwa ngokomsebenzi waso ngaphakathi kwesistimu. Ingxenye ngayinye yenza umsebenzi othile ukuze cubungula, ugcine noma ucubungule ulwazi.

Ihadiwe yokucubungula

Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezicutshungulwayo zihlanganisa zonke izingxenye ezinesibopho kuzo khipha imiyalelo nezibalo kuboniswe ngumsebenzisi. Lezi zakhi zilawula inkumbulo nokusetshenziswa kwesitoreji, futhi ziqondisa ukusebenza kwazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zehadiwe. Ihlanganisa iphrosesa noma i-CPU (Iyunithi Yokucubungula Emaphakathi) kanye nebhodi lomama.

Ihadiwe yesitoreji

Ihadiwe yesitoreji isebenza eduze ne-hardware yokucubungula, futhi inesibopho sokugcina idatha nolwazi. Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi, igcina amafayela, iqhuba izinhlelo futhi ivumele isistimu yokusebenza ukuthi isebenze. Amadrayivu aqinile, amadrayivu wesimo esiqinile, ne-RAM ezinye zezibonelo zalolu hlobo lwehadiwe.

Ihadiwe okokufaka nokukhiphayo

Okokugcina, sinezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zokufaka nokukhiphayo, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-I/O peripherals. Lezi zingxenye lula ukuxhumana phakathi komsebenzisi nekhompyutha, futhi vumela ikhompuyutha yakho ukuthi ixhumane namanye amadivaysi. Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zokufaka zithwebula ulwazi ngaphandle futhi zilufake kukhompuyutha: amakhibhodi, igundane, imakrofoni, isithwebuli, ikhamera yewebhu. Ngokwengxenye yayo, i-hardware ephumayo ithatha ulwazi olucutshungulwe yikhompuyutha futhi ilwethule kumsebenzisi noma ilithumele kwamanye amadivaysi (iqapha, amaphrinta, izipikha, njll.).