Iyini iphrothokholi ye-IPv6?

I-Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) iyimpinda yakamuva yesethi yemithetho ebusa ukuxhumana ku-inthanethi. Idizayinelwe ukunqoba imikhawulo yenguqulo ye-Internet Protocol 4 (IPv4), i-IPv6 inikeza indlela ebanzi nesebenza kahle yokudluliswa kwedatha. Enetheni. Ngokukhula okunamandla kwethrafikhi ye-inthanethi, i-IPv6 isiyisidingo sokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kanye nokwanda kwengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile ukuthi iyini iphrothokholi ye-IPv6, izici zayo ezibalulekile, nokubaluleka kwayo ekuthuthukisweni kokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi.

1. Isingeniso sephrothokholi ye-IPv6: Imiqondo eyisisekelo nezisekelo

I-IPv6, eyaziwa nangokuthi inguqulo yesi-6 ye-Internet Protocol, iyisizukulwane esilandelayo sephrothokholi ye-inthanethi ezongena esikhundleni se-IPv4. Njengoba inani lamadivayisi axhumeka ku-inthanethi liqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha, i-IPv6 isibaluleke kakhulu ukubhekana nokukhathala kwekheli le-IP nokuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okusebenzayo nokuvikelekile kwawo wonke umuntu.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola imiqondo eyisisekelo kanye nezisekelo zephrothokholi ye-IPv6. Sizoqala ngokuxoxa ngomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-IPv4 ne-IPv6, nokuthi i-IPv6 ibhekana kanjani nemikhawulo etholakala kumanduleli wayo. Ukwengeza, sizofunda mayelana nesakhiwo sekheli le-IPv6 nokuthi limelelwa kanjani ngendlela ehlukile kunekheli le-IPv4.

Futhi sizoxoxa ngezinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-IPv6, okuhlanganisa ukukhulisa usayizi wesikhala samakheli kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kanye nekhwalithi yesevisi. Sizohlola izici ezengeziwe ezethulwe i-IPv6, ezifana nokulungiselelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwekheli nokusekelwa kwezandiso nezinketho. Ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko, uzoba nokuqonda okuqinile kwezisekelo ze-IPv6 futhi uzolungiselelwa ukuhlangabezana nezinselele futhi usebenzise amathuba anikezwa yile phrothokholi yenethiwekhi yesizukulwane esilandelayo.

2. Izinzuzo nezinzuzo zephrothokholi ye-IPv6 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-IPv4

Iphrothokholi ye-IPv6 inikezela ngenani lezinzuzo ezibalulekile nezinzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-IPv4. Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ukukhathala kwamakheli e-IP. Ngokungafani ne-IPv4, esekela kuphela cishe amakheli ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.3, i-IPv6 inomthamo omkhulu kakhulu, okuvumela amakheli ahlukile ukuthi anikezwe kumadivayisi nabasebenzisi abaningi kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumongo wokukhula okunamandla kwamadivayisi axhumeke ku-inthanethi, njengama-smartphone, amathebulethi, imikhiqizo yasekhaya ehlakaniphile, nokuningi.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ye-IPv6 ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yesevisi. I-IPv6 isebenzisa inkambu yamalebula okugeleza evumela ama-routers ukuthi abone futhi abeke phambili amaphakethe ngokusekelwe kumkhawulokudonsa kanye nezidingo zabo zokubambezeleka. Lokhu kuholela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana nokusakaza ividiyo enencazelo ephezulu noma amageyimu aku-inthanethi adinga umkhawulokudonsa ongashintshi kanye nokubambezeleka okuncane.

Ukwengeza, i-IPv6 inikeza ukwesekwa okungcono kokuphepha nobumfihlo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-IPv4. Iphrothokholi entsha ihlanganisa izici ezifana ne-IPSec, ehlinzeka ngezindlela zokuqinisekisa nokubethela idatha edlulisiwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ethunyelwe ngenethiwekhi iyimfihlo futhi ivikelekile ekuhlaselweni okungaba yi-hacker.

3. Ukuqonda amakheli e-IPv6: Isakhiwo nefomethi

Ukuze uqonde amakheli e-IPv6, kubalulekile ukuqonda isakhiwo nefomethi yawo. Ngokungafani nephrothokholi yangaphambilini, i-IPv6 isebenzisa amakheli angu-128-bit, okuvumela inombolo enkulu kakhulu yamakheli ahlukile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-IPv4. Isakhiwo sekheli le-IPv6 sihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ayisishiyagalombili amadijithi ama-hexadecimal amane ahlukaniswe amakholoni. Isibonelo, ikheli le-IPv6 elijwayelekile lizoba nefomethi elandelayo: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amaqembu amadijithi amane ane-hexadecimal angaqukatha oziro abaholayo, kodwa lawa ma-zero angafushaniswa ukuze kube lula ukubhala amakheli. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokukhipha oziro abaholayo eqenjini ngalinye futhi esikhundleni sawo kufakwe amachashazi amabili alandelanayo. Isibonelo, ikheli le-IPv6 elingenhla lingafushaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo: 2001:db8:85a3:0:0:8a2e:370:7334.

Ngokungeziwe kumaqembu amadijithi ama-hexadecimal amane, ikheli le-IPv6 lingaphinda lifake iyunithi yezinhlamvu yesiqalo ebonisa ubude bemaski esetshenziswayo. Lesi siqalo sivezwa ngokwengeza i-slash elandelwa inombolo yamabhithi akha isiqalo. Isibonelo, uma ikheli le-IPv6 lihlanganisa isiqalo /64, kusho ukuthi elokuqala 64 izingcezu ekhelini kumele i-ID yenethiwekhi futhi amabhithi wokugcina angama-64 amele i-ID yomsingathi. Lesi saziso sisiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezingxenye zekheli ezifanele umzila kanye nezingxenye ezisetshenziselwa ukukhomba idivayisi ngayinye.

4. Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-IPv6 ne-IPv4: Ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe

Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-IPv6 ne-IPv4 ubaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wokuxhumana nokuxhumana ku-inthanethi. Ngezansi, sethula ukuhlaziya okunemininingwane egqamisa ukwehlukana okukhulu phakathi kwazo zombili izinguqulo ze-Internet Protocol.

1. Isakhiwo sekheli: Ku-IPv4, amakheli e-IP aqukethe amabhithi angu-32, avumela umkhawulo wamakheli ahlukile acishe abe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.300.. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhula okwandayo kwe-inthanethi, lobu bubanzi buqedwe ngokushesha. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, I-IPv6 isebenzisa amakheli e-IP angu-128-bit, inikeza isikhala esikhulu samakheli esinomthamo wamakheli angaba ngu-340 sextillion.. Lokhu kuxazulula inkinga yokukhathala kwekheli le-IPv4 futhi kunikeza isisombululo esimeme sokukhula kwenethiwekhi kwesikhathi esizayo.

2. Ukumisa okuzenzakalelayo kwekheli: Isici esiphawulekayo se-IPv6 yikhono layo lokumisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amakheli.. Ngomshini wokukhuluma we-EUI-64, amadivayisi we-IPv6 angakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo ikheli lawo le-IP ekhelini lawo le-MAC. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukucushwa nokuphathwa kwamakheli e-IP kunethiwekhi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ku-IPv4, ukucushwa okwenziwa ngesandla noma ukusetshenziswa kweseva ye-DHCP kuyadingeka ukuze kwabelwe amakheli e-IP kumadivayisi.

3. Ukuphepha nokunwebeka: Ku-IPv6, kwenziwe ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile ekuvikelekeni nasekunwebeni kwephrothokholi. I-IPv6 ihlanganisa i-IPSec njengengxenye ebalulekile yephrothokholi, inikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha ekuxhumaneni kwezinga lenethiwekhi.. Ukwengeza, i-IPv6 inikeza izihloko ezisebenza kahle nezithuthukisiwe, ezivumela ukuqaliswa kokusebenza okusha nezici ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ngokuphambene, i-IPv4 idinga izandiso ezengeziwe nezibuyekezo ukuze inikeze amazinga afanayo okuphepha nokwandiswa.

Ngokufingqa, I-IPv6 inikezela ngesikhala samakheli esinwetshiwe, amandla okumisa ikheli, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okubalulekile ekuvikelekeni nasekunwebeni.. Lo mehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-IPv6 ne-IPv4 yenza ukutholwa kwe-IPv6 kubaluleke kakhulu kukusasa le-inthanethi nokuxhumana ku-inthanethi. Kubalulekile ukuthi izinhlangano nabahlinzeki besevisi balungiselele amanethiwekhi abo nezinhlelo ukuze baqinisekise ukudlulela ngempumelelo ku-IPv6 futhi basebenzise izinzuzo zayo.

5. Ushintsho olusuka ku-IPv4 luye ku-IPv6: Izinselele nezisombululo

Ushintsho olusuka ku-IPv4 luye ku-IPv6 lungenye yezinselelo ezibalulekile amanethiwekhi abhekene nazo namuhla. Njengoba isidingo samakheli e-IP siqhubeka sikhula, isidingo sokwamukela i-IPv6, ehlinzeka ngendawo yamakheli enkulu kakhulu, siba sobala kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lolu shintsho alulula njengokushintsha inguqulo eyodwa iye kwenye, njengoba kuhilela izinselele eziningana nezixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zoshintsho olusuka ku-IPv4 luye ku-IPv6 ukuntuleka kokuhambisana phakathi kwamaphrothokholi womabili. Iningi yamadivayisi futhi amanethiwekhi alungiselwe ukusebenzisa i-IPv4, okusho ukuthi izindlela zokuhumusha, ezifana ne-Network Address Translation (NAT) kanye ne-Dual Stack, kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuze kuvikelwe ukuxhumana. phakathi kwamadivayisi ezisebenzisa izinguqulo ezihlukile ze-IP. Lezi zindlela zivumela amanethiwekhi e-IPv6 kanye ne-IPv4 ukuthi axhumane ngaphandle komthungo.

Enye inselele ebalulekile isidingo sokufundisa ochwepheshe benethiwekhi mayelana ne-IPv6. Ngenxa yokuthi i-IPv6 iwubuchwepheshe obusha ngokuqhathaniswa, onjiniyela abaningi benethiwekhi nabalawuli abanalo ulwazi lokuyisebenzisa nokuyiphatha. Ukukhuluma le nkinga, kunezifundo eziningi nezinsiza ezitholakala ku-inthanethi. Ukwengeza, ezinye izinhlangano zinikeza izitifiketi nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha ukuze zisize ochwepheshe bathole ulwazi namakhono adingekayo ukuze basebenzise futhi bagcine amanethiwekhi e-IPv6.

6. Ukuphepha ku-IPv6: Izinqubo nezindlela zokuvikela

Ukuphepha ku-IPv6 kuyisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ngenxa yokunwetshwa nokukhula kwalobu buchwepheshe bephrothokholi ye-inthanethi. Njengoba amadivayisi amaningi axhumeka ku-inthanethi, izivumelwano nezindlela zokuvikela ziba yimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kolwazi.

Enye yezimiso ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha ku-IPv6 i-Internet Protocol Security (IPSec). I-IPSec inikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha ngokuqinisekisa nokubethela amaphakethe edatha athunyelwa ngenethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-IPSec ikuvumela ukuthi usungule imigudu ye-VPN (Virtual Private Network) ukuze uvikele ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanethiwekhi nokuqinisekisa ubumfihlo.

Enye indlela yokuvikela ebalulekile ku-IPv6 Ukutholwa Komakhelwane Okuvikelekile (THUMELA). THUMELA kuvikela ekuhlaselweni kobuthi benqolobane ngokusebenzisa ukufakazela ubuqiniso kanye ne-cryptography ngenqubo evikelekile yendawo. Lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okuhlasela ngokukhohlisa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwengqalasizinda ye-IPv6.

7. Ukuqaliswa nokusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi ye-IPv6 kumanethiwekhi akhona

Inqubo eyisisekelo ekuguqukeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi. Njengoba isidingo samakheli e-IP sikhula futhi nephrothokholi ye-IPv4 isiphelile, ukwamukela i-IPv6 kubaluleka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kokuxhumeka ku-inthanethi. Lesi sigaba sizokwethula izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe futhi kusetshenziswe i-IPv6 kunethiwekhi ekhona. kahle futhi iphephile.

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuqalisa i-IPv6 kunethiwekhi ekhona ukwenza ukuhlola okuphelele kwengqalasizinda yamanje. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlonza amadivayisi enethiwekhi asekela i-IPv6, njengamarutha, amaswishi, nama-firewall, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingabe asenawo yini lo msebenzi onikwe amandla. Uma kwenzeka amanye amadivayisi awasekelwe, isibuyekezo noma ukushintshwa kuyodingeka. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi amadivaysi amaningi esimanje asevele esekela i-IPv6 ngokuzenzakalela, kodwa kungase kube nezinto ezindala ezidinga ukulungiswa okwengeziwe.

Uma ingqalasizinda ekhona isihloliwe futhi noma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa okudingekayo sekwenziwe, ukuthunyelwa kwe-IPv6 kudinga ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuchaza isu lokukhuluma lenethiwekhi, elingase lisekelwe endleleni yokulungisa okuzenzakalelayo noma ukulungiselelwa mathupha. Ukwengeza, ezinye izici ezifana nokuphepha kanye nokuphathwa kwethrafikhi ye-IPv6 kufanele kucatshangelwe. Kutuswa ukwenza ukuhlola okubanzi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-IPv6 ekukhiqizweni, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi atholakalayo okuthengiswayo nezilingisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuphelele.

8. Ukubaluleka kwephrothokholi ye-IPv6 ku-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT)

Iphrothokholi ye-IPv6 ithole ukubaluleka okubalulekile kumongo we-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT). Ngokukhula okunamandla kwamadivayisi axhumeke kunethiwekhi, ukwamukelwa kwe-IPv6 sekuyisidingo esibalulekile. Ngokungafani ne-IPv4 eyandulelayo, eyayinenombolo elinganiselwe yamakheli e-IP atholakalayo, i-IPv6 inamandla angenamkhawulo, evumela ikheli eliyingqayizivele ukuthi linikezwe idivayisi ngayinye exhunywe kunethiwekhi futhi iqinisekisa ukulinganisa kwe-IoT.

Ukwamukelwa kwe-IPv6 ku-IoT kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana nokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi. indlela ephumelelayo futhi iphephile. Ngokuvumela inani elikhulu lamakheli e-IP, i-IPv6 isiza ukukhula nokunwetshwa kwe-IoT ecosystem, njengoba idivayisi ngayinye ingaba nekheli layo le-IP elihlukile. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sokusebenzisa amasu ayinkimbinkimbi njengokuhumusha ikheli lenethiwekhi (NAT) ukuze kuxhunywe amadivaysi e-IoT, ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuqondile nokwenza lula ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi.

Ngokungeziwe kumthamo wamakheli e-IP, i-IPv6 inikeza intuthuko ebalulekile mayelana nokuphepha nekhwalithi yesevisi. Ngokusebenzisa i-IPv6 ku-IoT, ungasebenzisa amandla okuphepha akhelwe ngaphakathi, njengokufakazela ubuqiniso nokubethela, ukuze uvikele idatha edluliswa phakathi kwamadivayisi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni lapho kusingathwa khona idatha ebucayi, njengezempilo noma ukuphepha. Ngokunjalo, i-IPv6 ivumela ukubeka phambili okukhulu nokuphathwa kwethrafikhi, iqinisekisa ukuxhumana okusebenza kahle futhi okuthembekile ku-ecosystem ye-IoT.

9. Iqhaza le-IPv6 esikhathini esizayo sokuxhumana kanye nokunwetshwa kwe-inthanethi

I-IPv6, noma inguqulo 6 ye-Internet Protocol, ibonakala njengengxenye ebalulekile esikhathini esizayo sezokuxhumana kanye nokunwetshwa kwe-inthanethi. Njengoba amadivayisi nabasebenzisi abaningi bexhuma kunethiwekhi, kubaluleka ukuba nephrothokholi ekwazi ukusekela isidingo esikhulayo samakheli e-IP. I-IPv6 inikeza isixazululo sale nkinga, njengoba ivumela cishe inombolo engapheli yamakheli ahlukile, uma kuqhathaniswa namakheli alinganiselwe anikezwa i-IPv4.

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ze-IPv6 yikhono layo lokuvumela ukusebenza okusha nezinhlelo zokusebenza ku-inthanethi. Ngenxa yedizayini yayo ethuthukisiwe, i-IPv6 inika amandla ukuxhumana okusebenza kahle futhi okuvikelekile, okubuye kukhuthaze ukuqamba okusha emkhakheni wezokuxhumana. Ukwengeza, i-IPv6 isiza ukucushwa kwedivayisi okuzenzakalelayo, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula umsebenzi wokuxhuma amadivayisi amasha ku-inthanethi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumongo we-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), lapho inani lamadivayisi axhunyiwe likhanya kakhulu.

Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo ezinikezwa yi-IPv6, ukuqaliswa kwayo akukakafinyeleli amandla ako aphelele. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ohulumeni, izinhlangano nabahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi baqhubeke nokukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kwe-IPv6. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuvuselela ingqalasizinda kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana, kanye nokuqwashisa nokuqeqesha ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Ngomzamo ohlangene kuphela lapho singaqinisekisa ukuthi i-IPv6 idlala indima yayo ebalulekile esikhathini esizayo sezokuxhumana kanye nokwanda kwe-inthanethi.

10. IPv6 nomhlaba weselula: Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza nokuxhumana

Ukuqaliswa kwe-IPv6 kulethe intuthuko enkulu ekusebenzeni nasekuxhumekeni emhlabeni iselula. Njengoba inani lamadivayisi eselula nabasebenzisi abaku-inthanethi liqhubeka nokukhula, i-IPv6 isiphenduke isixazululo sokuqinisekisa ukutholakala okukhulu kanye nekhwalithi yokuxhumana.

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ze-IPv6 yikhono layo lokunikeza ikheli le-IP eliyingqayizivele kudivayisi ngayinye exhunywe kunethiwekhi yeselula. Lokhu kusiza ukugwema izinkinga zokuminyana futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kukonke. Ukwengeza, i-IPv6 ihlanganisa izici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe, eziqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuvikeleke kakhulu. Okwabasebenzisi mobiles

Ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele ukuthuthukiswa okunikezwa yi-IPv6, kubalulekile ukuthi abahlinzeki besevisi yeselula nabasebenzisi bathuthukise amadivayisi abo namanethiwekhi kule nguqulo yephrothokholi. Abaningi izinhlelo ezisebenzayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula sezivele zisekela i-IPv6, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlola futhi uqinisekise ukuthi wonke amadivayisi amiswe ngendlela efanele. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuxilonga e-IPv6 ukuze uthole izinkinga ezingaba khona futhi uzixazulule ngesikhathi.

11. Amaphrothokholi omzila ku-IPv6: Ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo

Ukuzulazula kumanethiwekhi e-IPv6 kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi. Kukhona amaphrothokholi ahlukene omzila atholakala ku-IPv6, ngayinye enezici zayo namandla. Kulokhu kuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo, izivumelwano zomzila ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ku-IPv6 zizohlolwa ukuze kuqondwe amandla azo kanye nobuthakathaka.

Iphrothokholi yokuqala yomzila ezohlolisiswa Iphrothokholi Yolwazi Lomzila ye-IPv6 (RIPng). Le phrothokholi iyinguqulo ebuyekeziwe ye-RIP, edizayinelwe ngokuqondile i-IPv6. I-RIPng isebenzisa indlela yokuvuselela ngezikhathi ezithile ukushintshanisa ulwazi lomzila phakathi kwamarutha. Nokho, umkhawulo wayo oyinhloko ukuthi ayisekeli amanethiwekhi amakhulu ngenxa yokuhlangana kwayo kancane kanye nokungakwazi ukuphatha imizila eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Next Generation Routing Protocol (OSPFv3) isetshenziswa kakhulu kumanethiwekhi e-IPv6. I-OSPFv3 inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-OSPF eyenzelwe i-IPv6. Le phrothokholi isebenzisa ama-algorithms wesimo sokuxhumanisa ukubala imizila esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi inamandla amakhulu okujwayela izinguquko ku-topology yenethiwekhi. Ukwengeza, i-OSPFv3 iyakwazi ukusekela amanethiwekhi amakhulu futhi iyingozi kakhulu.

12. Ukuvela kwe-IPv6: Imibono yesikhathi esizayo namathrendi

Ukuqaliswa kwe-IPv6 sekuneminyaka embalwa kusaqhubeka, futhi nakuba kube nenqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo, kusenezinselele okufanele zinqotshwe. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola amathuba esikhathi esizayo namathrendi e-IPv6 evolution.

Enye yezinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-IPv6 ukutholwa kwabantu abaningi. Yize abahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi abaningi namabhizinisi beshintshele ku-IPv6, kusenenombolo enkulu yamadivayisi namanethiwekhi asebenza ngokukhethekile ku-IPv4. Kulindeleke ukuthi kube nokuphusha okubalulekile ekwamukelweni kwe-IPv6 eminyakeni ezayo njengoba ukunikezwa kwamakheli e-IPv4 kuya koma kancane kancane. Lokhu kuzodinga ukuqwashisa okwengeziwe kanye nemfundo mayelana nezinzuzo ze-IPv6, kanye nokuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa kwamathuluzi nezisombululo ukuze kube lula uguquko.

Ngaphezu kokwamukelwa ngobuningi kwe-IPv6, enye inkambiso yesikhathi esizayo ukukhula kwe-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT). Ngokunyuka okucatshangwayo kwezigidigidi zamadivayisi axhunywe ku-inthanethi eminyakeni ezayo, kubalulekile ukuba namakheli e-IP anele atholakalayo ukuze kwabiwe lawa madivayisi. I-IPv6 inikeza isikhala sekheli esikhulu kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa ne-IPv4, okuyenza ibe yinketho ekahle ye-IoT ekhulayo. Kodwa-ke, izinselele zokuphepha nokuphatha zizovela njengoba amadivayisi amaningi axhumeka kunethiwekhi, edinga izixazululo ezintsha namathuluzi asebenzayo ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga.

13. Ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga ezijwayelekile ekucushweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwe-IPv6

Lapho ulungiselela futhi usebenzisa i-IPv6, izinkinga ezivamile zingavela ezivimbela inethiwekhi ekusebenzeni kahle. Ngenhlanhla, kunezixazululo ezihlukahlukene ezingasisiza sixazulule lezi zinkinga. Ngezansi ezinye zezimo ezivame kakhulu nendlela yokubhekana nazo:

• Inkinga: Ukuxhumeka kwe-IPv6 akukasungulwa. Uma uhlangabezana nobunzima ekutholeni uxhumano lwe-IPv6 kunethiwekhi yakho, ungacabangela izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
• Qinisekisa ukuthi Umhlinzeki Wesevisi Ye-inthanethi (ISP) yakho isekela i-IPv6 nokuthi umzila wakho umiswe kahle ukuze uyisebenzise.
• Qinisekisa lokho amadivayisi akho amiswe kahle ukuze asebenzise i-IPv6. Ungakwenza Lokhu kungokuqinisekisa ukuthi banekheli le-IPv6 elinikeziwe nokuthi iphrothokholi ivuliwe.
• Uma izilungiselelo ezingenhla zilungile futhi usenezinkinga, ungazama ukuqala kabusha umzila wakho namadivayisi ukuze uvuselele ukuxhumana futhi usethe kabusha izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi.
• Inkinga: Isivinini sokuxhuma kwe-IPv6 sihamba kancane. Uma uhlangabezana nokuxhumeka okuhamba kancane, ungalandela amathiphu alandelayo:
• Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhawulokudonsa wakho we-inthanethi wanele ukusekela ithrafikhi ye-IPv6. Uma unoxhumo olunensayo, cabanga ukukhuluma ne-ISP yakho ukuze uthole ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwakho lwe-inthanethi.
• Hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi unazo yini izinto zokusebenza noma isofthiwe kunethiwekhi yakho okungenzeka ithatha umkhawulokudonsa oweqile. Ukuhlonza nokuxazulula lezi zinkinga kungasiza ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokuxhuma kwakho kwe-IPv6.
• Cabangela ukusebenzisa ukulungiselelwa kwenethiwekhi okulungiselelwe, okufana nomzila osekelwe ekusebenzeni (PBR), ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kwedatha futhi ukhuphule isivinini soxhumo lwakho lwe-IPv6.
• Inkinga: Ukungahambisani namadivayisi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza. Uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zokungahambisani lapho usebenzisa i-IPv6 namadivayisi athile noma izinhlelo zokusebenza, ungazama okulandelayo:
• Buyekeza i-firmware kumadivayisi akho futhi uqiniseke ukuthi zisebenzisa inguqulo yakamuva. Abanye abakhiqizi bakhipha izibuyekezo ezixazulula izinkinga zokuhambisana ne-IPv6.
• Xhumana nosekelo lobuchwepheshe lomkhiqizi wedivayisi noma wohlelo lokusebenza ukuze uthole usizo olukhethekile uma kuba nezinkinga zokuhambisana.

14. Ukwamukelwa komhlaba wonke kwephrothokholi ye-IPv6: Izinselele nezimpumelelo ezizuziwe

Kafushane, inguqulo yesi-6 ye-Internet Protocol (IPv6) iyisixazululo sezobuchwepheshe esenzelwe ukubhekana nokukhathala kwamakheli e-IP nokuqinisekisa ukukhula nokunwetshwa kwe-inthanethi esikhathini esizayo. Ngokwabiwa kwamakheli e-IP abanzi nasebenza kahle kakhudlwana, i-IPv6 inikeza cishe indawo engenamkhawulo yamakheli, okuvumela inani elandayo lamadivayisi ukuthi axhumeke ku-inthanethi.

Ngokwamukela i-IPv6, izici ezihlukahlukene zokuxhumana nge-inthanethi ziyathuthukiswa, njengokuphepha, ikhwalithi yesevisi, kanye nemizila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqaliswa kwayo kusho uguquko oluhamba kancane kodwa oludingekayo olusuka kunguqulo 4 ye-Internet Protocol (IPv4), esasetshenziswa kabanzi kodwa enomkhawulo mayelana nokutholakala kwekheli.

Njengoba umhlaba uba idijithali ngokwengeziwe futhi isidingo sokuxhumana emhlabeni sikhula, ukuqonda nokusebenzisa i-IPv6 kuba bucayi. Nakuba lolu shintsho lunezinselele, inguqulo yesi-6 ye-Internet Protocol imele intuthuko edingekayo yezobuchwepheshe yekusasa le-inthanethi, iqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amadivayisi angaxhumeka futhi axhumane kahle nangokuvikelekile.

Ekugcineni, iphrothokholi ye-IPv6 iyisisekelo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-inthanethi futhi ukwamukelwa kwayo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke. Nge-IPv6, izisekelo zenzelwe i-inthanethi ebanzi, esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi evikelekile, evumelana nezidingo zomphakathi oxhumene ngokwandayo.