Isistimu yezinombolo kanambambili Kuwuhlelo olubalulekile emkhakheni wesayensi yekhompyutha nezibalo. Nakuba ingaziwa kubantu abaningi, lolu hlelo lubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi amakhompyutha asebenza kanjani nokuthi ulwazi lugcinwa futhi lucutshungulwe kanjani. emhlabeni idijithali. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola luyini uhlelo lwezinombolo kanambambili nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani kwezobuchwepheshe besimanje.
Isistimu yezinombolo kanambambili Iwuhlelo lwezinombolo olusebenzisa amadijithi amabili kuphela: u-0 no-1. Ngokungafani nesistimu yedesimali, esebenzisa amadijithi ayishumi, isistimu kanambambili isekelwe embonweni wokuthi noma iyiphi inombolo ingamelwa nezinhlanganisela zalezi zinombolo ezimbili. Esikhundleni sokubala ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-9 ngaphambi kokwengeza inombolo entsha, ohlelweni Kanambambili ibalwa ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-1 bese kwengezwa izindawo ezintsha njengoba amadijithi anyuswa. Lolu hlelo luthola ukusetshenziswa kwalo okuyisisekelo kumakhompyutha, lapho lonke ulwazi lumelwe futhi lugcinwe yinhlanganisela ka-0 no-1, okuthiwa amabhithi.
Amandla okukwazi uhlelo lokufaka izinombolo ezimbili Ukumela ulwazi ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela kanambambili kubalulekile emhlabeni digital. I-Digital electronics isebenzisa isistimu kanambambili ngenxa yobulula bayo kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kumasekhethi kagesi. Ibhithi ngalinye limelela isimo sokushintsha, okungase kuvulwe (1) noma kuvalwe (0). Lolu hlobo lokumelela luvumela ukugcinwa nokucutshungulwa kolwazi ezingeni le-hardware, futhi liyisisekelo sakho konke ukusebenza kwamakhompyutha kanye amanye amadivayisi electronics yesimanje.
Ukwamukelwa okwandile kwe uhlelo lokufaka izinombolo ezimbili kubuchwepheshe besimanje ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuhambisana kwayo namasekhethi anengqondo angasho lutho futhi asebenzayo. Ukwengeza, kanambambili inikeza ukumelwa okucacile kwezinombolo ku-arithmetic yedijithali, okwenza imisebenzi yezibalo eyisisekelo ibe lula. Ikhono lokuveza lonke ulwazi kusetshenziswa amadijithi amabili nje enza izibalo zibe lula futhi anciphise inkimbinkimbi yamasekhethi kagesi adingekayo ukuze kucutshungulwe lolu lwazi.
Ngokufigqiwe, uhlelo lwezinombolo kanambambili Kuyisisekelo sekhompiyutha kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje. Ikhono layo lokumela ulwazi ngezinhlanganisela zoku-0 no-1 livumela ukugcinwa, ukucutshungulwa kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha ngefomethi yedijithali. Ngenxa yobulula nokuhambisana kwayo namasekhethi e-elekthronikhi, kanambambili isiphenduke isistimu ethandwayo ye-digital electronics futhi isiguqule indlela esisebenzisana ngayo namakhompyutha nezinye izinto zikagesi. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizocubungula imiqondo eyinhloko yesistimu kanambambili futhi sihlole izinhlelo zayo zokusebenza emhlabeni wekhompyutha.
– Isingeniso ohlelweni lwezinombolo kanambambili
Isistimu yezinombolo kanambambili iwuhlelo olusetshenziswa kukhompyutha kanye ne-electronics ukumelela izinombolo zisebenzisa amadijithi amabili kuphela: u-0 no-1. Ngokungafani nesistimu yedesimali, esebenzisa amadijithi ayishumi ukusuka ku-0 kuya ku-9, isistimu kanambambili isekelwe emandleni amabili . Idijithi ngayinye kanambambili imele kancane, okuyiyunithi eyisisekelo yolwazi kukhompyutha.
Lolu hlelo lubalulekile kuma-electronics wedijithali kanye nezinhlelo, njengoba amakhompyutha nezinye izinto zikagesi zisebenzisa ama-transistors ukuze agcine futhi alawule ulwazi ngendlela yamasignali kagesi angaba nezifunda ezimbili: ukuvala noma ukuvala, amelelwa amadijithi kanambambili 1 kanye no-0. , ngokulandelana. . Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu kanambambili kuvumela ukumelwa okuphumelelayo kolwazi kanye nokubala okunengqondo kumasekethe kagesi, okwenza ukusebenza kwamakhompyutha namanye amadivaysi edijithali kwenzeke.
Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa ku-electronics kanye nezinhlelo, isistimu yezinombolo kanambambili nayo ibalulekile kwezinye izindawo, njenge-cryptography kanye nethiyori yolwazi. Ku-cryptography, isistimu kanambambili isetshenziselwa ukubethela nokukhipha idatha, kuyilapho ithiyori yolwazi, isetshenziselwa ukukala inani lolwazi oluqukethwe kusignali kanambambili. Nakuba uhlelo kanambambili lungase lubonakale luyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaleni, kulula ukuluqonda nokusebenzisa uma usuwuqonda kahle umqondo walo futhi usujwayelene nesakhiwo salo. Ukuze kube lula ukuguqulwa phakathi kwezinhlelo zezinombolo kanambambili nedesimali, kukhona amathuluzi nezindlela ezitholakala ku-inthanethi, kanye nemisebenzi ethile ngezilimi zokuhlela ezihlukene.
Kafushane, uhlelo lwezinombolo kanambambili luwuhlelo oluyisisekelo ku-elekthronikhi nakukhompyutha, olusebenzisa amadijithi amabili kuphela ukumela izinombolo nezimo ezinengqondo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubalulekile ezinhlelweni, i-digital electronics, i-cryptography kanye nethiyori yolwazi. Nakuba uhlelo kanambambili lungase lubonakale luyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaleni, ukuqonda nokusebenza kwalo kuyisihluthulelo ekusebenzeni kobuchwepheshe bedijithali.
- Izimpawu nokusebenza kohlelo kanambambili
Isistimu yezinombolo kanambambili iwuhlelo lwezibalo olusebenzisa amadijithi amabili kuphela, u-0 no-1, ukumela wonke amanani ezinombolo. Ngokungafani nesistimu yedesimali esiyisebenzisayo kweyethu impilo yansuku zonke, lapho sinezinombolo eziyishumi (0 kuya ku-9), isistimu kanambambili isekelwe emandleni amabili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi indawo ngayinye enombolweni kanambambili imelela amandla angu-2.
Ohlelweni kanambambili, idijithi ngayinye ibizwa ngokuthi i-bit, okuyiyunithi eyisisekelo yolwazi kukhompyutha. Ukulandelana kwebhithi kusetshenziselwa ukumela zonke izinhlobo yedatha, njengezinhlamvu, izinombolo, izithombe noma imisindo, ngaphakathi yekhompyutha. Izibalo kanambambili zenziwa kusetshenziswa imisebenzi enengqondo njengokuthi KANYE, NOMA, futhi HHAYI, lapho ingxenye ngayinye inenani elinengqondo elingu-0 noma 1.
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zesistimu kanambambili ubulula bayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kalula kwamakhompyutha. Ukumelwa kanambambili kusebenza kahle kakhulu mayelana nokugcinwa nokubala ngaphakathi kwesistimu yedijithali. Nakuba izinombolo kanambambili zingase zibonakale ziyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaleni, uma usuqonda umqondo kanye nengqondo ngemuva kwazo, kuba lula. yenza imisebenzi kanambambili njengokwengeza, ukususa, ukuphindaphinda noma ukuhlukanisa.
- Ukubaluleka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesistimu kanambambili kukhompyutha
El uhlelo lokufaka izinombolo ezimbili Iwuhlelo olusetshenziselwa ukumela ulwazi lwamakhompuyutha nezinye izinto zikagesi. Ngokungafani nesistimu yezinombolo zedesimali, esebenzisa amadijithi ayishumi (0 kuya ku-9), isistimu kanambambili isebenzisa amadijithi amabili kuphela: u-0 no-1. Lolu hlelo lusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhithi, okuyiyunithi eyisisekelo yolwazi kukhompyutha. Amabhithi angaba nezimo ezimbili: ivuliwe (emelwe ngu-1) futhi ivaliwe (emelwe ngu-0).
La ukubaluleka kohlelo kanambambili kukhompyutha kulele eqinisweni lokuthi amakhompyutha aklanyelwe ukusebenza namasignali kagesi anezifunda ezimbili kuphela ezingaba khona. Isistimu kanambambili ivumela lezi zimpawu ukuthi zimelwe futhi zisetshenziswe. ngempumelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isistimu kanambambili isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwekhompyutha ukugcina nokucubungula imininingwane ngendlela efanele.
Isistimu kanambambili ine izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile kukhompyutha. Enye yezinhlelo zayo eziyinhloko ukuvezwa kwedatha kumishini kagesi. Isibonelo, ulwazi olugcinwe ku inkumbulo ye-RAM Imelelwa njengokulandelana kwamabhithi ohlelweni kanambambili. Ukwengeza, ama-computer processors asebenzisa isistimu kanambambili ukwenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo njengokuhlanganisa, ukususa, ukuphindaphinda, nokuhlukanisa. Ngisho nezithombe, amavidiyo nemisindo zimelelwa ngefomethi kanambambili kumidiya yedijithali.
- Izinzuzo kanye nebubi besistimu yezinombolo kanambambili
Isistimu yezinombolo kanambambili iwuhlelo lwezinombolo olusebenzisa amadijithi amabili kuphela, uziro (0) kanye neyodwa (1), ukumela wonke amanani ezinombolo. Ngokungafani nesistimu yedesimali, esebenzisa amadijithi ayishumi (zero kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye), isistimu kanambambili iyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sazo zonke izinhlelo zedijithali, okuhlanganisa amakhompyutha kanye nogesi. Lolu hlelo lusetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni we-computing kanye nezinhlelo, ngoba luvumelana ngokuphelele nomqondo wamasekethe kagesi.
A inzuzo yesistimu kanambambili ubulula bayo kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kumasekethe kagesi. Imishini kagesi, njengama-transistors, asebenza ngokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwamasignali kagesi, amelelwa ngamadijithi kanambambili. Lokhu kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zedijithali ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezisheshayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isistimu kanambambili inokwethenjelwa kakhulu kunezinye izinhlelo zezinombolo, njengoba amadijithi amabili ayinhloko kulula ukuwahlukanisa futhi ayishiyi indawo yokungaqondakali.
Ngokolunye uhlangothi, ukungezwani yesistimu kanambambili ikhono layo elilinganiselwe lokumela izinombolo ezinkulu. Njengoba kusetshenziswa amadijithi amabili kuphela, izinombolo kanambambili zivame ukuba zinde kakhulu kunezinombolo zamadesimali ezilinganayo. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuqonda nokubala, ikakhulukazi kubantu abajwayele uhlelo lwedesimali. Ukwengeza, ukuguqula izinombolo kanambambili zibe idesimali kungase kube isicefe futhi kuthambekele ephutheni lomuntu, okudinga ukulandela ngokucophelela inqubo.
- Izincomo zokuqonda nokuphatha isistimu kanambambili
Isistimu yezinombolo kanambambili iwuhlelo olusetshenziswa amakhompiyutha nezinye izinto zikagesi ukumela ulwazi nokwenza izibalo. Ngokungafani nesistimu yedesimali esiyisebenzisayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, isistimu kanambambili isebenzisa amadijithi amabili kuphela: u-0 no-1. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izingxenye ze-electronic zamakhompiyutha zisebenza ngaphakathi ngamasignali kagesi angavulwa (amelelwe u-1 noma avaliwe). (imelwe ngu-0).
Ukuze uqonde futhi uphathe isistimu kanambambili, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiqondo yamabhithi namabhayithi. A i-bit (ifushane ngedijithi kanambambili) iyunithi encane yolwazi ohlelweni kanambambili futhi ingaba nenani lika-0 noma u-1. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-a ibhayithi Kuyisethi yamabhithi ayi-8, okusho ukuthi ingamela amanani ahlukene angama-256 (2 aphakanyiswe emandleni we-8).
Ohlelweni olunambambili, izinombolo zimelelwe ngokufanayo nohlelo lwedesimali, kodwa kusetshenziswa amadijithi kuphela u-0 no-1. Idijithi ngayinye enombolweni kanambambili ibizwa ngokuthi. i-bit. Ibhithi engakwesokudla ibhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu, kuyilapho ibhithi ekwesokunxele ithathwa njengebaluleke kakhulu. Njengasohlelweni lwedesimali, izinombolo kanambambili zingenza imisebenzi ye-arithmetic eyisisekelo njengokuhlanganisa, ukususa, ukuphindaphinda nokuhlukanisa.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.