Iyini isofthiwe ye-antivirus?

Isofthiwe ye-antivirus iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuvikela izisetshenziswa zethu kanye nedatha yomuntu siqu ezinsongweni ze-cyber. Ezweni ledijithali elixhumene ngokwandayo, lapho ukuhlaselwa kwamakhompiyutha kuhlala njalo, ukuba nesoftware elwa namagciwane sekubalulekile. Kodwa iyini ngempela isofthiwe ye-antivirus? Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe incazelo, ukusebenza kanye nezinzuzo zaleli thuluzi elinamandla lokuvikela ikhompyutha.

1. Isingeniso sesofthiwe ye-antivirus

Isofthiwe ye-antivirus iyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuvikeleni amadivaysi ethu ezinsongweni ze-cyber. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthola nokuqeda noma yiluphi uhlelo olunonya noma ikhodi engase ingene kumasistimu ethu. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesofthiwe ye-antivirus emakethe, ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nekhono lokubona.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izisekelo zesofthiwe ye-antivirus kanye nokubaluleka kokuba nesixazululo esithembekile. Sizoqala ngokuchaza ukuthi liyini igciwane lekhompyutha nokuthi lisakazeka kanjani. Okulandelayo, sizobheka izigaba ezehlukene zokusabisa nge-inthanethi okufanele i-antivirus enhle ikwazi ukuyithola futhi ikuqede.

Ukwengeza, sizofaka amathiphu athile wokukhetha isofthiwe ye-antivirus efanele ngezidingo zethu. Sizobheka izici ezifana nokusebenzelana komsebenzisi, ukusebenziseka kalula, imvamisa yokubuyekeza izincazelo zegciwane, namandla okuhlonza. ngesikhathi sangempela. Okokugcina, sizohlinzeka ngohlu lwamasofthiwe okuvikela amagciwane aziwa kakhulu emakethe, kanye nezici zawo ezibalulekile, ukuze ukwazi ukwenza isinqumo unolwazi lapho ukhetha uhlelo lokuvikela amagciwane olufaneleka kangcono izidingo zakho zokuvikela.

2. Ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwesofthiwe ye-antivirus

Kulesi sigaba, sizocubungula nokuthi ingavikela kanjani ikhompuyutha yethu ezinsongweni nakuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. I-antivirus uhlelo lokusebenza oluklanyelwe ukubona, ukuvimbela kanye nokuqeda izinhlelo ezinonya noma ezingase zingadingeki ezingase zilimaze isistimu yethu.

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuqonda ukuthi isofthiwe ye-antivirus isebenza kanjani ukuqonda ukuthi isekelwe ku- isizindalwazi kwamasignesha. Lesi sizindalwazi siqukethe ulwazi mayelana nezici nokuziphatha kwezinhlelo ezaziwayo ezinonya. Uma sisebenzisa ukuskena kusistimu yethu, isofthiwe ye-antivirus ibheka okufanayo phakathi kwamafayela namasignesha kule dathabheyisi.

Ngaphezu kwamasignesha, i izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane nazo ziyasebenzisa i-heuristics ukukhomba ukuziphatha okusolisayo okungabonisa ukuba khona kohlelo olunonya. I-Heuristics ihlaziya ikhodi yohlelo nokuziphatha ukuze bathole amaphethini angase abe inkomba yohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.

Uma isofthiwe ye-antivirus isihlonze ifayela noma uhlelo njengosongo olungase lube khona, ingathatha izinyathelo ezihlukene ukuvikela isistimu yethu. Ezinye zalezi zenzo zihlanganisa susa ifayela, ukuzivalela ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okwengeziwe noma ibhulokhi ukubulawa kwayo. Ukwengeza, izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane zingaphinda ziskene ama-imeyili ethu kanye nokulanda amafayela ayingozi ngaphambi kokuthi afinyelele kusistimu yethu.

Ngalolu lwazi ngakho, singaqonda kangcono ukuthi siyivikela kanjani ikhompyutha yethu ezinsongweni nakuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Kubalulekile ukugcina isofthiwe yethu ye-antivirus ibuyekeziwe futhi senze ukuskena njalo ohlelweni lwethu. Ukwengeza, kufanele siqaphele lapho silanda amafayela noma sichofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo, njengoba isofthiwe ye-antivirus ingasisiza ukuthi sithole futhi sigweme izinkinga zokuphepha ezingaba khona. Ngalezi zindlela zokuphepha, singajabulela umuzwa ophephile endaweni yethu yedijithali.

3. Qonda ukubaluleka kwesoftware elwa namagciwane

Isofthiwe ye-antivirus iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuvikela izisetshenziswa zethu kanye nedatha ekusongweni nasekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi okungaba khona. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwale software kusisiza ukuthi sithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo futhi sithathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuze siqinisekise ukuvikeleka kolwazi lwethu.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zesofthiwe ye-antivirus ukuthi isivumela ukuthi sithole futhi sisuse amagciwane, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kanye nezinye izinhlobo zesofthiwe ezinonya ezingase zibeke engcupheni ubuqotho bamafayela ethu kanye nokusebenza kwemishini yethu. Ukusebenzisa njalo kanye nokubuyekezwa kwesofthiwe ye-antivirus kubalulekile ukuze usigcine sivikelekile.

Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuthi isofthiwe ye-antivirus isinikeza ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi sangempela, okungukuthi, ithola futhi ivimbe amafayela asolisayo ngaphambi kokuthi adale noma yimuphi umonakalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Izinhlelo eziningi zokulwa namagciwane zifaka izici ezengeziwe njengokuvikela ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, izinqamuleli zomlilo, nokuskena ukuba sengozini.. Le misebenzi ehambisanayo iqinisa futhi ukuzivikela kwethu ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi.

4. Izinhlobo zesofthiwe ye-antivirus etholakala emakethe

Banikeza amazinga ahlukene okuvikela ezinsongweni ze-cyber. Kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlelo olulungile lokuvikela amagciwane ukuze uvikele idivayisi yakho namafayela kumagciwane, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, nezinye izinhlobo zesofthiwe eyingozi. Ngezansi ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zesoftware elwa namagciwane emakethe:

1. I-antivirus yedeskithophu: Lolu hlobo lwesofthiwe lufaka ngqo kukhompuyutha yakho futhi luskena amafayela nezinhlelo ukuze uthole izinsongo. Ngokuvamile inikeza izici zokutholwa nezici zokususa igciwane, kanye nezibuyekezo zesizindalwazi samagciwane ezivamile ukuze uhambisane nezinsongo zakamuva.

2. I-antivirus eku-inthanethi: Lezi zinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane zisebenza ngokusebenzisa a isiphequluli sewebhu futhi uskene amafayela nezixhumanisi ngesikhathi sangempela. Zilungile uma ungafuni ukufaka isofthiwe eyengeziwe kukhompyutha yakho noma uma udinga ukuvikela amadivaysi amaningi ku-akhawunti eyodwa.

3. I-Antivirus Yeselula: Njengoba amadivaysi eselula ethandwa kakhulu, isidingo sokuwavikela ezinsongweni ze-cyber naso siyakhula. Ama-antivirus eselula aklanyelwe ngokuqondile amadivayisi afana nama-smartphones namathebulethi, futhi anikezela ngezici ezifana nokuskena uhlelo lokusebenza, ukuvimba amakholi angafuneki, nokulandelela ukude.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwesofthiwe ye-antivirus lunezinzuzo nezinkinga zalo, futhi lokho okusebenza kangcono kumuntu oyedwa kungase kungasebenzi komunye. Lapho ukhetha isofthiwe ye-antivirus, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezifana nokusebenziseka kalula, imvamisa yezibuyekezo, amandla okuthola izinsongo, nezici ezengeziwe ezitholakalayo. Khumbula ukuthi isofthiwe ye-antivirus inganikeza kuphela isendlalelo esisodwa sokuvikela, futhi kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza imikhuba yokuphequlula ephephile futhi ugweme ukulanda amafayela noma ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo.

5. Izici ezibalulekile zesofthiwe ye-antivirus

Isofthiwe ye-antivirus iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuvikela ikhompuyutha yakho ezinsongweni eziku-inthanethi futhi ugcine imininingwane yakho iphephile. Ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesoftware lusebenza kanjani, ngezansi sizokwethula okulandelayo:

• Ukutholwa kwe-Malware: Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zesofthiwe ye-antivirus yikhono layo lokubona nokususa uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Isebenzisa inhlanganisela yama-algorithms nezizindalwazi zesiginesha ukuhlonza nokususa amagciwane, inhloli, i-ransomware, nezinye izinhlobo zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwesikhathi sangempela: Isoftware ye-antivirus iyasebenza ngemuva futhi wenze ukuhlaziywa kwesikhathi sangempela kwamafayela nezinhlelo ezisebenza kukhompyutha yakho. Lokhu kuvumela noma yimuphi umsebenzi osolisayo ukuthi ubonwe futhi uvinjwe ngaphambi kokuthi udale noma yimuphi umonakalo.
• Izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo: Abakhiqizi bezinhlelo ze-antivirus bahlala bebuyekeza imininingwane yabo yolwazi ukuze bafake izinsongo zakamuva. Lezi zibuyekezo zilandwa ngokuzenzakalela ngemuva, okuqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe yakho ihlala isesikhathini futhi ilungele ukukuvikela ezinsongweni ezintsha.

Ngokungeziwe kulezi zici ezibalulekile, isofthiwe ye-antivirus ingase futhi inikeze izici ezengeziwe, ezifana:

• Ukuvikela ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Ezinye izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane zifaka amathuluzi okuvikela ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, akwazisayo uma uvakashela amawebhusayithi anonya noma asolisayo.
• I-Firewall: Enye isofthiwe ye-antivirus ihlanganisa futhi i-firewall, evimbela imizamo engagunyaziwe yokufinyelela ikhompuyutha yakho kwi-Inthanethi.
• Ukuvikelwa kobumfihlo: Ezinye izinhlelo zinikeza izici zokuvikela ubumfihlo, ezikuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi lomuntu siqu owabelana ngalo ku-inthanethi futhi likuxwayise ngezingozi ezingaba khona.

Ngamafuphi, isofthiwe ye-antivirus iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuvikela ikhompuyutha yakho ezinsongweni eziku-inthanethi. Izici zayo ezibalulekile zifaka ukutholwa kwe-malware, ukuskena ngesikhathi sangempela, nezibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo. Ukwengeza, ingase futhi inikeze izici ezengeziwe njengokuvikela ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, i-firewall, nokuvikela ubumfihlo. Ukugcina isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus isesikhathini samanje nokusebenzisa izinqubo zokuphepha ezinhle ze-inthanethi kuzosiza ukugcina ulwazi lwakho luphephile futhi luvikelekile.

6. Ukucatshangelwa lapho ukhetha isofthiwe ye-antivirus efanele

Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni isofthiwe ye-antivirus efanele ukuvikela amadivayisi akho, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule. Ukukhetha uhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-antivirus kungenza umehluko mayelana nokuvikelwa ezinsongweni zokuphepha kanye nekhono lokugcina ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu nedatha kuphephile. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule lapho wenza lesi sinqumo:

1. Izici zokuphepha: Kubalulekile ukukhetha isofthiwe ye-antivirus enezici ezidingekayo zokuphepha ukuze ubhekane nezinsongo zanamuhla. Bheka izici ezifana nokuvikela kwesikhathi sangempela, ukuskena okunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili, ukutholwa kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha okuthuthukisiwe, nokuvimbela amawebhusayithi anonya. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlelo lukunikeza ukuvikeleka okuphelele kumagciwane, inhloli, i-ransomware, nezinye izinhlobo zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.

2. Ukusebenziseka nokusebenza: Isofthiwe esebenza ngempumelelo ye-antivirus akufanele isebenze kuphela ekutholeni nasekususeni izinsongo, kodwa futhi ibe lula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ibe nomthelela ophansi ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yakho. Bheka isixazululo esinikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esinembile, izilungiselelo ezenzakalelayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwezinsiza. Ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kohlelo lwakho lokuvikela amagciwane kubalulekile ukuze unganensisi idivayisi yakho ngenkathi ugcina ulwazi lwakho luvikelekile.

3. Ukusekelwa kanye nezibuyekezo: Umhlinzeki wesofthiwe evikela amagciwane kufanele anikeze isevisi enhle yosekelo lobuchwepheshe ukuze uxazulule noma yiziphi izinkinga noma imibuzo ongase ube nayo. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlelo olukhethiwe luhlinzeka ngezibuyekezo ezivamile ukuze uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngezinsongo zakamuva zokuphepha. Ukusabela nokuzinikela komthengisi kuzibuyekezo zokuphepha kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isofthiwe yakho yokulwa namagciwane ihlala isebenza futhi ivikelekile ezinsongweni ezihlala zivela.

7. Uyifaka kanjani futhi uyilungise kanjani isofthiwe ye-antivirus ohlelweni lwakho

Ukuze uvikele isistimu yakho kunoma yiziphi izinsongo ezinonya, kubalulekile ukufaka isofthiwe ethembekile ye-antivirus futhi uyilungiselele kahle. Lapha sikunikeza umhlahlandlela Igxathu emvakwe gxathu Ukukusiza kule nqubo:

1. Yenza ucwaningo lwakho bese ukhetha isofthiwe efanele ye-antivirus: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, yenza ucwaningo olunzulu ngesofthiwe ehlukene yokuvikela amagciwane etholakala emakethe. Cabangela izici ezifana nesithunzi senkampani, izici ezinikezwayo, ukusetshenziswa kalula, nezibuyekezo ezivela kwabanye abasebenzisi. Uma usukhethe isofthiwe efanele, yilande emthonjeni othembekile.

2. Faka isofthiwe: Uma usulande isofthiwe ye-antivirus, qala inqubo yokufaka. Chofoza kabili ifayela lokufaka bese ulandela imiyalelo yewizadi yokufaka. Qiniseka ukuthi ufunda isinyathelo ngasinye ngokucophelela bese ukhetha izinketho ezifanele ngokusekelwe kokuncamelayo. Uma ukufakwa sekuqediwe, qalisa kabusha isistimu yakho uma kudingeka.

3. Setha isoftware ye-antivirus: Ngemva kokufaka, kubalulekile ukulungisa isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus ukuze uqinisekise ukuvikeleka okuphelele. Vula isofthiwe bese uthola izilungiselelo noma izinketho zezilungiselelo. Lapha ungakwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso izilungiselelo ngokwezidingo zakho. Qiniseka ukuthi unika amandla ukuskena kwesikhathi sangempela nezibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo ukuze uhlale uvikelekile ezinsongweni zakamuva. Ukwengeza, ungasetha amashejuli wokuskena avamile futhi ulungiselele ukukhishwa uma kunesidingo.

8. Ukubuyekezwa nokugcinwa kwesofthiwe ye-antivirus

Isofthiwe ye-antivirus iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuvikela ikhompuyutha yethu ezinsongweni ezingase zibe khona futhi siqinisekise ukuvikeleka kwedatha yethu. Nokho, ukuze ifeze umsebenzi wayo ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukuyigcina ivuselelwe futhi wenze ukulungiswa okudingekayo. Kulesi sigaba, sizokunikeza imininingwane enemininingwane yokuthi ungayenza kanjani le misebenzi ngendlela efanele.

Ukuvuselelwa kwesoftware ye-antivirus: Izibuyekezo zesofthiwe ye-antivirus zibalulekile ukusigcina sivikelekile ezinsongweni zakamuva zekhompyutha. Ngokuvamile, izibuyekezo ziqukethe iziqephu zokuphepha nezincazelo zegciwane elisha nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Ukuze ubuyekeze isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus, landela lezi zinyathelo:
1. Vula uhlelo lwe-antivirus kukhompyutha yakho.
2. Bheka inketho ethi "Buyekeza" noma "Buyekeza manje" ngaphakathi kohlelo.
3. Chofoza kuleyo nketho bese ulinda ukuthi inqubo yokubuyekeza iphele. Kungase kuthathe amaminithi ambalwa kuye ngoxhumo lwakho lwe-inthanethi.

Ukugcinwa kwesofthiwe ye-antivirus: Ngokungeziwe kuzibuyekezo, kubalulekile ukulungisa njalo isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isebenza kahle. Lapha sikunikeza amathiphu okwenza lokhu kulungiswa:
- Yenza ukuskena okugcwele ngezikhathi ezithile: Qalisa ukuskena okugcwele kwekhompyutha yakho okungenani kanye ngenyanga ukuze uthole futhi uqede noma yiziphi izinsongo ezingazange zibonwe.
- Hlola ukuhlela ukuskena okuzenzakalelayo: Qiniseka ukuthi isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus ihlelelwe ukwenza izikena ezizenzakalelayo ngezikhathi ezithile noma izinsuku. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ugcine ikhompuyutha yakho ivikelekile ngaphandle kokuthi uyikhumbule ngokwenza.
- Hlanza isistimu yakho: Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuhlanza lesofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus ukususa amafayela esikhashana, amakhukhi nezinye izinto ezingadingekile ezingase zithinte ukusebenza kwekhompyutha yakho.

Isiphetho: Ukugcina isofthiwe yethu yokulwa namagciwane ivuselelwe nokwenza ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle kwaleli thuluzi lokuvikela. Ungakubukeli phansi ukubaluleka kwale misebenzi, njengoba ukuvikelwa okunganele kungashiya ikhompuyutha yakho isengozini yokusatshiswa nokuhlaselwa nge-inthanethi. Landela izinyathelo ezishiwo kulesi sigaba futhi ugcine isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus isesimweni esiphezulu ukuze uvikeleke ngokuphelele.

9. Izinselele zamanje ze-antivirus software

Namuhla, isofthiwe ye-antivirus ibhekene nezinselelo eziningi ezidinga ukubuyekezwa njalo nokuthuthukiswa ukuze ihlale isebenza futhi ivikele abasebenzisi ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ijubane amagciwane amasha kanye nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Izigebengu ze-Cybercriminal zihlala zishintsha, zenza okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunzima ukuthola okuhlukile kwe-malware. Lokhu kudinga isofthiwe ye-antivirus ukuze ihambisane nezinsongo zakamuva futhi ithuthukise izindlela ezintsha zokuthola.

Enye inselele enkulu ukuthola uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha oluyimfihlo. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zisebenzisa amasu athuthukile ukufihla uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kumafayela nezinhlelo ezibonakala zingenabungozi. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngesofthiwe elwa namagciwane ukuthola nokususa uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Ama-algorithms athuthuke kakhulu kanye namasu okuhlaziya ukuziphatha kumele athuthukiswe ukuze kutholakale imisebenzi enonya efihliwe.

Ukwengeza, isofthiwe ye-antivirus kufanele ikwazi ukuvikela ezinsongweni ezivelayo ezifana ne-ransomware kanye ne-spyware. Lezi zinhlobo zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha zingadala umonakalo omkhulu kubasebenzisi ngokuduna amafayela noma ukweba ulwazi lomuntu siqu. Abathuthukisi bezinhlelo ze-antivirus kufanele bahlale beqaphele izitayela ezintsha ku-inthanethi futhi bakhe ukuzivikela okusebenzayo ngokumelene nalezi zinsongo.

10. Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesofthiwe ye-antivirus

Namuhla, ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kuwukukhathazeka okukhulayo ezinkampanini nakubasebenzisi. Uma kubhekwa ukwanda kokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesofthiwe yokuvikela amagciwane esiyisebenzisayo ukuvikela amasistimu ethu kanye nedatha. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukwenza lokhu kuhlola futhi siqinisekise ukuthi sisebenzisa isixazululo esingcono kakhulu sokuphepha sezidingo zethu.

1. Chaza indlela yokuhlola: Ngaphambi kokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthola indlela esizoyisebenzisa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesofthiwe yokuvikela amagciwane. Lezi zindlela zokunquma zingabandakanya ukutholwa kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, isivinini sokuskena, ukusetshenziswa kalula, namandla okuvikela ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokuchaza lezi zindlela zokuhlola, sizokwazi ukwenza ukuhlola okuhlosiwe futhi siqhathanise izixazululo ezihlukene zesofthiwe ye-antivirus.

2. Yenza izivivinyo zokuhlola: Uma indlela yokuhlola isimisiwe, yisikhathi sokuqala ukuhlola. Sizosebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukene zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kanye namafayela asolisayo ukuze sihlole amandla okuthola esofthiwe yokuvikela amagciwane. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlola okubanzi futhi usebenzise okuhlukile kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile. Rekhoda imiphumela yokuhlolwa futhi uqhathanise izinga lokutholwa kwesixazululo ngasinye se-antivirus.

11. Iqhaza lesoftware elwa namagciwane ekutholeni nasekususeni izinsongo

I isofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane ukudlala indima ebalulekile ku ukutholwa nokususwa kosongo kumadivaysi ethu namasistimu. Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukuvikela amakhompyutha ethu kanye nedatha ekuhlaselweni okungase kube khona kanye nokuqinisekisa indawo evikelekile. Ngezansi eminye yemisebenzi ebalulekile eyenziwa yi-antivirus software:

1. Ukutholwa kwengozi: Isofthiwe ye-antivirus isebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene ukuhlonza izinsongo ezingaba khona ohlelweni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusesha amaphethini namasignesha egciwane aziwayo, kanye nokuhlaziya ukuziphatha okusolisayo noma okungajwayelekile. Ukutholwa kosongo kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe umonakalo futhi kuncishiswe ukusabalala kwe-malware.

2. Ukususwa kosongo: Uma usongo seluphawuliwe, isofthiwe ye-antivirus iyaqikelela ukuyisusa ngokuphephile yohlelo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukususa amafayela anamagciwane, ukukhubaza izinqubo ezinonya, noma ukuhlukanisa izinto ezisolisayo. Ukususwa okuphumelelayo noma ukuncishiswa kwezinsongo kuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ephephile nevikelekile.

3. Izibuyekezo eziqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko: Abathengisi besofthiwe ye-antivirus bavame ukukhulula izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile eziqukethe izincazelo zegciwane elisha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokutholwa. Lezi zibuyekezo zibalulekile ekugcineni isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus isesikhathini futhi ikwazi ukubhekana nezinsongo zakamuva. Kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi isofthiwe yakho yesivikeli-magciwane isethwe ukuthi ithole ngokuzenzakalelayo izibuyekezo zakamuva.

Ngamafuphi, isofthiwe ye-antivirus ibalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwamasistimu ethu kanye nedatha. Inikeza ukuvikelwa okusebenzayo, kwesikhathi sangempela, ukubona njalo nokuqeda izinsongo ezingaba khona. Ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo, kubalulekile ukugcina isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus isesikhathini futhi ulandele izinqubo zokuphepha ezinconyiwe, njengokugwema ukulanda okunamathiselwe emithonjeni engathembekile noma ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo. Khumbula ukuthi ukuvikela nokuvikela kubalulekile ekulweni nezinsongo ze-inthanethi.

12. Ukunciphisa ubungozi be-inthanethi nge-software ye-antivirus

1. Ukuvikeleka ku-inthanethi kuwukukhathazeka okukhulayo kulezi zikhathi zedijithali. Izigebengu ze-Cybercriminal zihlala zifuna izindlela ezintsha zokungena kumadivayisi wethu futhi zifinyelele ulwazi lwethu lomuntu siqu kanye nezezimali. Ngenhlanhla, kunesixazululo esisebenzayo sokunciphisa lezi zingozi: ukusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe ye-antivirus.

2. Isofthiwe ye-antivirus uhlelo lokusebenza olufakwe kukhompuyutha yakho, ithebhulethi noma i-smartphone ukuze uyivikele ezinhlelweni ezinonya ezifana namagciwane, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kanye ne-spyware. Lezi zinhlelo zinamandla okuhlonza nokuqeda noma ukunciphisa izinsongo ngesikhathi sangempela, ngaleyo ndlela zigcine idivayisi yakho iphephile. Ukuze uthole okuningi ngesofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus, cabanga ukulandela lawa macebiso:

• Gcina isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus ibuyekeziwe. Abathuthukisi bezinhlelo ze-antivirus bahlala besebenza ukuze bathole futhi banciphise izinsongo ezintsha. Qiniseka ukuthi unenguqulo yakamuva yesofthiwe efakiwe ukuze uzuze kuzibuyekezo zakamuva zokuphepha.
• Yenza ukuskena okujwayelekile kwesistimu yakho. Hlela ukuskena okujwayelekile kokuvikela ukuze uhlole izinhlelo ezinonya kudivayisi yakho. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone futhi uqede izinsongo ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuthi zidale ukulimala.
• Qaphela lapho ulanda amafayela noma izinhlelo. Gwema ukulanda noma ukuvula izinanyathiselwa ezisolisayo emithonjeni engaziwa. Lezi zingaqukatha amagciwane noma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha elifaka ukuphepha engozini yedivayisi yakho.

13. Isingeniso sezindlela zokuphepha ezingcono kakhulu nge-software ye-antivirus

1. Ukuvikeleka kwethimba lethu kubalulekile namuhla, njengoba sihlala sichayeka ezinsongweni ezihlukahlukene ze-inthanethi. Enye yezindlela ezinhle zokuvikela isistimu yethu ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizokunikeza owodwa.

2. Ingxenye yokuqala yalezi zindlela ezingcono kakhulu ukukhetha isofthiwe ye-antivirus yekhwalithi. Kubalulekile ukubheka izinhlelo ezaziwayo nezizinze kahle emakethe. Ngokufanayo, kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi i-antivirus inikeza izibuyekezo njalo ukuze uhambisane nezinsongo ezintsha. Hlala ukhumbula ukuhlola imibono nezilinganiso zabanye abasebenzisi ngaphambi kokwenza ukukhetha kwakho.

3. Uma sesikhethe isofthiwe yethu yokulwa namagciwane, kubalulekile ukwenza ukufakwa ngendlela efanele. Landela ngokucophelela imiyalelo enikezwe umenzi enqubweni yokufaka. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlelo lubuyekeza ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi lwenza ukuskena kwesikhathi sangempela ukuze likuvikele ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi. Ukwengeza, kuyatuseka ukuthi ulungise izilungiselelo ngokwezidingo zakho futhi wenze izikena zesistimu ezijwayelekile.

14. Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nesofthiwe ye-antivirus

Kulesi sigaba, siphendula imibuzo evame kakhulu ehlobene nesoftware ye-antivirus futhi sinikeza imininingwane enemininingwane yokuthi zingalungiswa kanjani izinkinga ezivame kakhulu. Ngezansi uzothola izimpendulo zemibuzo ehlobene nokufaka, ukuvuselela, nokwenza isofthiwe ye-antivirus.

1. Ngingayifaka kanjani isofthiwe ye-antivirus kukhompyutha yami?

Ukufaka isofthiwe ye-antivirus kukhompyutha yakho, landela lezi zinyathelo:

• Landa isoftware ye-antivirus kusuka kufayela le- iwebhusayithi kusuka kumnikezeli osemthethweni.
• Vula ifayela elilandiwe bese usebenzisa isifaki.
• Landela imiyalelo yomfaki ukuze uqedele ukufakwa.
• Uma isifakiwe, yenza i-virus database update ephelele.
• Lungiselela ishejuli yokuskena ngokuzenzakalela nezinye izilungiselelo ngokuya ngokuncamelayo.

Uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga phakathi nokufakwa, thintana namadokhumenti ahlinzekwe umthengisi noma uthinte abosekelo lobuchwepheshe ukuze uthole usizo.

2. Ngingayigcina kanjani isofthiwe yami yokulwa namagciwane ivuselelwe?

Ukubuyekeza njalo isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuvikeleka okuphelele ezinsongweni zakamuva zekhompyutha. Ukuze ubuyekeze isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus, landela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Vula isofthiwe ye-antivirus kukhompyutha yakho futhi ufinyelele ukucushwa noma izilungiselelo.
2. Bheka inketho ethi "Buyekeza" noma "Buyekeza manje" bese uchofoza kukho.
3. Linda isofthiwe ye-antivirus ukuthi ixhume kuseva yokubuyekeza bese ulanda amafayela amasha.
4. Uma isibuyekezo sesiqedile, qala kabusha ikhompuyutha yakho ukuze usebenzise izinguquko.

Khumbula ukuthi ezinye izixazululo ze-antivirus zinikeza izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sici sinikwe amandla ukuze uqinisekise ukuvikeleka okuphezulu.

Kafushane, isofthiwe ye-antivirus iyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuvikeleni amakhompuyutha ethu namadivayisi ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi nokuhlaselwa. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthola, ukuvimba nokuqeda zonke izinhlobo zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha olungase lufake engozini ukuphepha kwamasistimu ethu. Ngamasu ahlukene nama-algorithms, le softhiwe inesibopho sokuhlaziya amafayela nezinhlelo ngesikhathi sangempela, ihlonze amaphethini asolisayo nokuziphatha okungase kubonise ukuba khona kwesofthiwe enonya.

Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi isofthiwe ye-antivirus kufanele ivuselelwe njalo, njengoba izigebengu ze-cyber zihlala zivela, zakha izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlasela futhi zithuthukisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokugwema ukutholwa. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba nesixazululo sokuphepha esithembekile nekhwalithi, esinikeza izibuyekezo ezivamile ukuze uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngezinsongo zakamuva.

Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isofthiwe ye-antivirus akuyona ukuphela kwendlela yokuphepha okufanele siyithathe ukuze sizivikele ku-inthanethi. Kutuswa ukuyihlanganisa nezinye izinqubo zokuphepha, njengokugcina i- isistimu esebenzayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile, gwema ukulanda amafayela noma ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo, futhi yenze izipele ukusetshenziswa njalo kwedatha yethu.

Ekugcineni, isofthiwe ye-antivirus idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni amasistimu ethu ezinsongweni ze-cyber. Ikhono layo lokubona nokwenza uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lube lula lisinikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha, elisivumela ukuthi sisebenzise amadivayisi ethu ngokuphephile futhi iyathembeka. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuphepha ku-inthanethi kuyinqubo eqhubekayo futhi enezinhlangothi eziningi, lapho kufanele sithathe izinyathelo eziningi ukuze sihlale sivikelekile emhlabeni wedijithali.