Ingabe usanda kuzama ukuthenga ikhadi lemifanekiso eliphezulu noma uthuthukise i-RAM yekhompyutha yakho? Cishe umangazwe izintengo, eziphindeke ngaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu kwamanye amakhithi. Yini ebangela lokhu kwanda? Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, isidingo sememori ye-HBMKepha iyini inkumbulo ye-HBM futhi kungani inyusa intengo ye-RAM nama-GPU ngo-2025?
Iyini ngempela inkumbulo ye-HBM?High Bandwidth Memory)?
Konke kwaqala njengomkhuba olinganiselayo ngo-2024 owasheshe waba yiqiniso elingenakugwenywa ngo-2025. Ngokungazelelwe, amanani e-RAM ne-GPU aqala ukukhuphuka ngokushesha. Sesivele sibhekisele kulokhu kunyakaza kwemakethe kokuthunyelwe kwangaphambilini, kanye ne izizathu ngemuva kwayo kanye nomthelela wayo emhlabeni jikelele(Bheka izihloko) Ukwenyuka kwentengo kwama-AMD GPUs ngenxa yokushoda kwenkumbulo y Amanani e-DDR5 RAM ayakhuphuka: kwenzekani ngamanani nesitoko).
Kodwa namuhla silapha ukuze sikhulume ngomlingisi oyinhloko walokhu kuzamazama: inkumbulo ye-HBM. Lesi sifinyezo simelela High Bandwidth Memory noma i-High Bandwidth Memory, futhi ibhekisela ku-a ubuchwepheshe behadiwe okudala umsindo omkhulu. Futhi njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele usola, ikhuluma ngesidingo esithile esihlobene ne-Artificial Intelligence.
Ngokungafani nenkumbulo yendabuko ye-GDDR, ehlelwe ngokuvundlile ebhodini lomama, Ama-HBM chips astakiwe aqondileNgakho-ke bethula ushintsho olukhulu lwezakhiwo: babukeka njengamabhilidi amancane e-silicon. Lolu hlelo lwe-3D lufinyelela ukuminyana okungajwayelekile endaweni encane: okuningi ngokuncane.
Isivinini esiphezulu nokusetshenziswa okuphansi
Futhi zixhuma kanjani komunye nomunye nakuphrosesa? Ngokusebenzisa i-Silicon Vias (TSVs), izinkulungwane zoxhumo oluncane oluhamba luqonde kuma-chipsLokhu kuxhumana kudala imigwaqo yedatha eshesha kakhulu phakathi kwezendlalelo zememori nephrosesa. Ukuze yonke into isebenze kahle, kubalulekile ukuthi inkumbulo ye-HBM ibe seduze nephrosesa ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokuba kuma-chips ahlukene athengiswe ebhodini lomama, inkumbulo ye-HBM ipakishwe ngokuqondile noma eduze kwephrosesa (GPU noma CPU). Lokhu kufinyelelwa kusetshenziswa i-silicon interposer, i-substrate ekhethekile esebenza njengeplatifomu yokuxhuma ephezulu. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, izindlela zikagesi zifushane, okuholela ekutheni a ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, kanye nomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu.
Ukukunikeza umbono: Inkumbulo ye-GDDR6X, imodeli yesizukulwane sakamuva, ifinyelela cishe ku-1 TB/s yomkhawulokudonsa. Ngokungqubuzanayo, Izinguqulo zamanje ze-HBM3E zedlula u-1.2 TB/sFuthi njengoba i-HBM4 isendleleni, ukusebenza kulindeleke ukuthi kuphakame kakhulu.
Inkumbulo ye-HBM: Kungani ama-RAM nama-GPU ebiza kakhulu ngo-2025
Ngokunengqondo, uma kubhekwa ukwamukelwa kabanzi kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, kukhona a isidingo esikhulayo senkumbulo ye-HBM Emakethe yobuchwepheshe, wonke amamodeli e-AI akhiqizayo anento eyodwa afana ngayo: ukusetshenziswa kwawo okunamandla komkhawulokudonsa wenkumbulo. Ubuchwepheshe behadiwe bendabuko abukwazi ukuhambisana, kodwa ukucushwa kwe-HBM kuyixazulula le nkinga ngobuhle nangempumelelo.
Kodwa i-AI akuyena kuphela umshayeli. Eminye imikhakha, njenge i-quantum computing, ukulingisa kwamangqamuzana, noma okungokoqobo okuthembekile okuphezuluFuthi bayazuza emandleni e-HBM. Kuyacaca: njengoba lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ziba yinkimbinkimbi futhi zidinga, ukushintshela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezinememori yomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu akunakugwenywa.
Kakhulu, ukuthi izinkampani ezifana ne-NVIDIA, Google, kanye ne-Amazon Web Services Basayine izinkontileka zeminyaka eminingi ukuze bavikele ukuhlinzekwa kwenkumbulo ye-HBM.Obani abakhiqizi? Isibhicongo sise-Asia nase-US: Samsung, I-SK Hynix IMicron neMicrosoft yizinkampani ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlangabezana nalesi sidingo. Futhi benza i-RAM yendabuko... futhi leyo yimpande yentengo yayo ephezulu.
Ukukhiqiza kuyehla… amanani ayakhuphuka
Ngokwemvelo, sonke isikhathi nezinsiza zezinkampani ezikhiqiza i-semiconductor ziphambukiselwe ekukhiqizeni inkumbulo ye-HBM. Futhi ngokunengqondo, lokhu Lokhu kunciphisa umthamo otholakalayo wokukhiqiza inkumbulo ye-GDDR ne-DDR. evamile. Ukukhiqiza kwehla… ukushoda kuyaphakama… amanani ayakhuphuka… kulula kanjalo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwenza lezi zinkumbulo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ehluke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-GDDR ne-DDR. Ngakho-ke, akulula njengokumisa ukukhiqizwa kwemodeli eyodwa ukuze uqalise kabusha ukukhiqiza enye. Okufanayo kuyasebenza ezintweni zokusetshenziswa: izinto ezikhethekile ziyadingeka ukukhiqiza inkumbulo ye-HBM. Ngokufigqiwe: Ziyimigqa yokuklama ehlukene.
Futhi kulokhu kufanele kwengezwe ukuhlangana kwendawo yabakhiqizi eSouth Korea nase-United States. Leli qiniso likhawulela umthamo wokuphendula womhlaba wonke, okuyinto Lokhu kuphinde kwenyuse amanani e-Europe.Ube yini umthelela kubasebenzisi? Izibalo ezilandelayo zikhombisa ukuthi lokhu kube nomthelela ongakanani ekwenyukeni kwentengo ye-RAM nama-GPU ngo-2025:
- Ukukhuphuka ngo-20% kuya ku-40% kumanani entengo ngo-2025 I-DDR5 RAM.
- Ukwenyuka kwekota-on-kota ngo-8% kuya ku-13%. I-DRAM yamaseva, ngezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezifika ku-40% - 50%.
- Ukushoda kwempahla Inkumbulo yezithombe (GDDR6/GDDR7), ethinta ama-GPU abathengi.
- Ukwenyuka kwekota ngekota okungaphezu kuka-10%. Izinkumbulo ze-LPDDR5X yamadivayisi eselula.
I-HBM Memoirs: Yini Ongayilindela Ngokuzayo
Sengiphetha, singakusho lokho Ukukhiqiza izinkumbulo ezivamile akuseyona into ehamba phambiliWonke amehlo akumemori ye-HBM. Isibonelo, iMicron, omunye wabakhiqizi abathathu abakhulu benkumbulo emhlabeni, usanda kumemezela ukuthi iyaphuma emakethe yokudayisa. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, funda isihloko. UMicron uvala i-Crucial: inkampani eyingqophamlando yenkumbulo yabathengi ithi sala kahle kumagagasi e-AI.
Ngenkathi ezinye izixazululo zivela, abathengi namabhizinisi kuzodingeka babhekane namanani aphezulu kanye nokutholakala okulinganiselwe. Inkumbulo ye-HBM inesibopho esiqondile sezindleko ezikhuphukile ze-RAM nama-GPU ngo-2025. insiza enamasu enjalo yokuthuthukisa i-AI nobunye ubuchwephesheAkumangazi ukuthi izoqhubeka nokuqoqa izinsiza nokunaka ezinyangeni neminyaka ezayo.
Kusukela ngisemncane, bengilokhu ngithanda zonke izinto zesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi lezo ntuthuko ezenza izimpilo zethu zibe lula futhi zijabulise kakhudlwana. Ngithanda ukuhlala nginolwazi lwakamuva ngezindaba nezitayela zakamuva, nokwabelana ngolwazi lwami, imibono, namathiphu mayelana namadivayisi namagajethi engiwasebenzisayo. Lokhu kwangenza ngaba umbhali wewebhu eminyakeni engaphezu kwemihlanu edlule, ngigxile kakhulu kumadivayisi e-Android nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows. Ngifunde ukuchaza imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi ngamagama alula ukuze abafundi bami bakwazi ukuyiqonda kalula.