Amarobhothi Kuwumkhakha wokufunda ohlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene efana nobunjiniyela bemishini, i-electronics kanye nesayensi yekhompyutha. Igxile ekwakhiweni, ekwakhiweni nasekuhlelweni kwamarobhothi, okuyizinhlelo ze-electromechanical ezikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngokuzimele noma ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola Iyini i-robotics futhi isebenza kanjani?, kusukela ezingxenyeni eziyisisekelo zerobhothi kuya kubuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu obuvumela ukusebenza kwayo.
Irobhothi Kuyibhizinisi eliphathekayo elikwazi ukusebenzisana nendawo elikuyo futhi lenze imisebenzi ngokuzimela. Yakhiwe izingxenye ezahlukene ezivumela ukuthi isebenze ngendlela edidiyelwe. Enye yezingxenye eziyisisekelo yi- uhlelo lwemishini, ehlanganisa umzimba werobhothi, amalunga alo, nezinzwa zokuthinta kanye ne-proximity eziyivumela ukuthi ihlanganyele nomhlaba obonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ine-a uhlelo lokulawula, enesibopho sokucubungula ulwazi oluvela kuzinzwa nokuthumela ama-oda adingekayo kuma-actuator ukuze enze izenzo ezifunwayo.
Izinto zikagesi Idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwerobhothi. Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, njengezilawuli ezincane namasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, zivumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwesistimu yokulawula nama-actuator. Laba bakamuva banesibopho sokuguqula amandla kagesi abe umsebenzi womzimba. Isibonelo, engalweni yerobhothi, ama-actuator angaba amamotho avumela ukunyakaza kwamalunga.
The ukuhlela Kungesinye isici esibalulekile kumarobhothi. Nge-software, kubhalwa ama-algorithms avumela ukulawula ukuziphatha kwerobhothi. Lawa ma-algorithms angasuselwa ezilimini ezihlukene zokuhlela, kuye ngomsebenzi ofuna ukuwenza. Ukuhlela kuphinda kusetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokusebenzelana ezivumela ukusebenzisana nerobhothi, kungaba ngesikrini noma ngemiyalo yezwi.
Kafushane, i-robotics iyisiyalo esihlanganisa ubukhenikha, i-electronics kanye nekhompyutha. ukudala amasistimu azimele akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngempumelelo. Amarobhothi yizinto ezibonakalayo ezinemishini, kagesi kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula eziwavumela ukuthi asebenzisane nendawo yawo. Ngokwenza izinhlelo, kwakhiwa ama-algorithms aqondisa ukuziphatha kwerobhothi. Ukuhlola umhlaba othakazelisayo wamarobhothi kusivumela ukuthi siqonde ukuthi usebenza kanjani nokuthi ungathuthukisa kanjani umnotho wethu impilo yansuku zonke!
Yini amarobhothi?
Amarobhothi igatsha lobunjiniyela elibhekele ukuklama, ukuthuthukiswa, ukukhiqiza, nokusebenzisa amarobhothi. Amarobhothi ayimishini amadivaysi ahlelekayo angenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ngokuzenzakalelayo, elingisa izenzo zomuntu. Lawa madivayisi "anezinzwa zokubona" indawo yawo kanye nama-actuator ukuze enze izenzo zomzimba.
Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kwayo, Amarobhothi alandela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ukwenza umsebenzi othile. Okokuqala, ngokusebenzisa izinzwa zabo, bathola ulwazi ngendawo ezungezile. Bese becubungula lolu lwazi besebenzisa isoftware yabo futhi benze izinqumo ezisuselwa kuma-algorithms ahleliwe. Ekugcineni, benza izenzo ezidingekayo ngama-actuator abo ukuze baqedele umsebenzi abawabelwe.
Amarobhothi asetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, njengemithi, imboni yezimoto, ukuhlola indawo, phakathi kokunye. Le ntuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunemba nokuphepha kwemisebenzi eyenziwa abantu. Kusukela kuzinqubo zezimboni ezizenzekelayo ukuya ekwenzeni ukuhlinzwa okunembayo okuphezulu, amarobhothi aguqule indlela esisebenza ngayo nokuxhumana nomhlaba.
Ithini incazelo yamarobhothi?
Amarobhothi Kuyisiyalo sesayensi ephathelene nokuklama, ukwakhiwa nokuhlelwa kwamarobhothi. Irobhothi, bona, iwumshini ozenzakalelayo okwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ngokuzenzakalelayo. Amarobhothi angatholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela ekukhiqizeni kuye emithini nasekuhloleni indawo.
I-robotic isebenza sibonga inhlanganisela kusuka ezindaweni ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe nezesayensi. I-Mechanics inesibopho sokuklama nokwakha umzimba werobhothi, kuyilapho i-electronics inesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezidingekayo ukuze lisebenze. Ukuhlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuvumela irobhothi ukuthi lithathe izinqumo futhi lenze izenzo ngokuya ngendawo elikuyo.
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kumarobhothi yi- ukulawula irobhothi. Lokhu kuhilela ukwakheka kwama-algorithms nezinhlelo ezivumela irobhothi ukuthi libone futhi lihlaziye indawo yalo, lenze izinqumo futhi lenze ukunyakaza. indlela ephephile futhi unembile. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, izinzwa zisetshenziselwa ukuthwebula ulwazi oluvela endaweni kanye nama-actuator ukuze kwenziwe izenzo ezifiselekayo Umgomo omkhulu wamarobhothi ukwakha amarobhothi angakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, ahlanganyele nabantu, futhi afunde kubantu.
Ukubaluleka kwamarobhothi emphakathini wanamuhla
I-Robotics isiyalo esihlanganisa ubunjiniyela, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela ukuklama nokwakha imishini ekwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngokuzimela. Le mishini, eyaziwa ngokuthi amarobhothi, isetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene, kusukela kwezokukhiqiza kuya kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nezokuthutha. Ukubaluleka kwawo emphakathini wanamuhla kusekwazini kwawo ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhiqiza ezindaweni ezahlukene, kanye namandla awo okuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yabantu.
Amarobhothi akhiwe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile eziwavumela ukuba asebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinzwa, ama-actuator kanye nesistimu yokulawula. Izinzwa ziqoqa ulwazi mayelana nendawo irobhothi elisebenza kuyo, njengezinga lokushisa, ukucindezela, noma indawo. Ama-actuator, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anesibopho sokwenza izenzo zerobhothi, ezifana nokunyakaza noma ukukhohlisa izinto. Uhlelo lokulawula ubuchopho berobhothi, lapho ulwazi oluqoqwe izinzwa lucutshungulwa futhi izinqumo zenziwa ngokusekelwe kulo.
Amarobhothi aguqule imikhakha eminingi, hhayi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa izindleko, kodwa futhi avumela imisebenzi ebingacatshangwa abantu ngaphambilini. Isibonelo, embonini yokukhiqiza, amarobhothi ayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindayo neyingozi ngokunemba nangesivinini, akhulise ukukhiqiza kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yezingozi emsebenzini. KwezokwelaphaAmarobhothi avumele inqubekelaphambili ekuhlinzeni okusizwayo, lapho amarobhothi engenza khona izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokunemba okukhulu kanye nobungozi obuncane. Emkhakheni wezokuthutha, izimoto ezizimele ziyathuthukiswa, ezingase zithuthukise ukuphepha emgwaqeni nokunciphisa isiminyaminya. Ngamafuphi, amarobhothi afakazele ukuthi iyithuluzi elibalulekile emphakathini yamanje, enohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinzuzo.
Imisebenzi esemqoka yamarobhothi
Amarobhothi igatsha lobuchwepheshe elibhekele ukuklama, ukwakhiwa kanye nezinhlelo ze imishini ezenzakalelayo ebizwa ngokuthi amarobhothi. Lawa marobhothi ayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngenhloso yokuthi ukusiza kanye lula imisebenzi yabantu. Amarobhothi ahlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene efana nobunjiniyela, i-physics, isayensi yekhompiyutha kanye nezibalo.
Amarobhothi anezimbalwa imisebenzi eyinhloko ezibenza bahluke kweminye imishini. Omunye wale misebenzi yi- ukuthola kolwazi, ngezinzwa ezizivumela ukuthi zibone indawo yazo futhi ziqoqe idatha efanelekile yokusebenza kwazo. Omunye umsebenzi cubungula futhi uhlaziye ulwazi kutholwe, kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms namasistimu okulinganisa ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela. Ekugcineni, amarobhothi angakwazi yenza izenzo zomzimba, sibonga ama-actuator azivumela ukuthi zinyakaze futhi zilawule izinto.
Ngaphezu kwale misebenzi eyinhloko, amarobhothi angaba nawo izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile emikhakheni ehlukene. Emkhakheni wezimboni, isibonelo, amarobhothi asetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo nenembayo ephezulu, njengokuhlanganisa imikhiqizo. Kwezokwelapha, amarobhothi angasetshenziswa ekuhlinzeni okunembayo, okunciphisa izingozi ezigulini. Endaweni yasekhaya, amarobhothi angenza imisebenzi yokuhlanza noma yokusiza ekhaya. Lezi ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi amarobhothi angaba nazo emphakathini wethu wamanje.
Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kumarobhothi
Emhlabeni othakazelisayo wamarobhothi, i- ubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe bubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekusebenzeni kwamarobhothi. Lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganisa inhlobonhlobo yamathuluzi namasu avumela amarobhothi ukuthi asebenzisane nendawo yawo futhi enze imisebenzi ethile ngempumelelo.
Okukodwa kwe ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo Kumarobhothi kuwubuhlakani bokwenziwa, obuvumela amarobhothi ukuthi enze izinqumo futhi afunde kokuhlangenwe nakho kwawo. Ngama-algorithms namanethiwekhi e-neural, amarobhothi angacubungula ulwazi futhi azivumelanise nezimo ezihlukene adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamarobhothi akwazi ukubona izinto, ukuqonda ulimi lwabantu ngisho nokwenza imisebenzi yengqondo ethuthukisiwe.
Okunye ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kumarobhothi wukubona okwenziwayo. Esebenzisa amakhamera nezinzwa, amarobhothi angathwebula futhi acubungule izithombe eziwazungezile. Lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zihlaziye indawo yazo, zibone izinto, zibone amaphethini futhi zenze izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini olubonwayo olutholiwe. Ukubona okwenziwayo kuyisihluthulelo sokuthi amarobhothi asebenzisane ngokuphepha nangokunembile ezindaweni eziguqukayo nezishintshayo.
Amarobhothi asebenza kanjani?
I-Robotics isiyalo esihlanganisa ubunjiniyela, i-electronics, kanye nekhompyutha ukudizayina, ukwakha, kanye nohlelo lwamarobhothi angenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lawa marobhothi akhiwe izingxenye ezahlukene eziwavumela ukuthi athole ulwazi oluvela endaweni esebenzisa izinzwa, alucubungule ngama-algorithms futhi enze ngokufanele ngama-actuator. Ukusebenza kwamarobhothi kusekelwe ekusebenzisaneni kwalezi zingxenye, ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso ethile.
Ingxenye emaphakathi yerobhothi ubuchopho balo, obuqukethe isistimu yokulawula eyenza izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini olutholiwe. Le sistimu yokulawula ingaba i-microcontroller noma ikhompuyutha eshumekiwe, esebenzisa izinhlelo ezithile zesofthiwe ukulawula ukuziphatha kwerobhothi. Izinhlelo zingathuthukiswa ngonjiniyela bamarobhothi besebenzisa izilimi zokuhlela ezifana ne-C++ noma iPython.
Ngaphezu kwesistimu yokulawula, irobhothi libuye lifakwe izinzwa ezahlukene kanye nama-actuator. Izinzwa vumela irobhothi ukuthi libone imvelo, kungaba ngokuthola izinto, ukulinganisa amabanga noma ukuthwebula izithombe. Le datha bese icutshungulwa uhlelo lokulawula ukwenza izinqumo Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-actuator Bavumela irobhothi ukuthi lixhumane nemvelo, noma ngabe ngamasondo ahambayo, ukuvula nokucisha ingalo yakho noma ukucisha izibani, amarobhothi ahlanganisa izingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha nesofthiwe ukuze kwakhe imishini ehlakaniphile ekwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Izicelo zamarobhothi emikhakheni ehlukene
Amarobhothi yinkambu ekhula njalo futhi ithuthuka. Izinhlelo zayo zokusebenza Ihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene, iguqula indlela imisebenzi eyenziwa ngayo futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Enye yezindawo lapho amarobhothi agqame khona kakhulu kusembonini yokukhiqiza amarobhothi ayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo neyingozi ngokunemba kwemilimitha, okwandisa ukukhiqiza futhi anciphise ubungozi kubasebenzi.
Omunye umkhakha ohlomule ngamarobhothi owezempilo. Amarobhothi okuhlinzwa, isibonelo, avumela ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ukuthi kwenziwe ngokunemba nangokunemba okudlula amakhono omuntu. Lokhu kuye kwaholela emiphumeleni engcono ezinkambisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi nokunciphisa izikhathi zokululama kwesiguli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amarobhothi asizayo asetshenziselwa ukunakekela asebekhulile nabakhubazekile, abanike ukuzimela nokuthuthukisa izinga labo lokuphila.
Amarobhothi nawo athole indawo yawo emkhakheni wokuhlola umkhathi Imisebenzi yamarobhothi athunyelwa kumaplanethi akude nezinyanga enza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ulwazi olubalulekile ngendawo yonke ngaphandle kokufaka ukuphila kosomkhathi engcupheni. Amarobhothi asemkhathini angenza imisebenzi yokuqoqa isampula, ukuhlaziya inhlabathi namanzi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo emkhathini. Konke lokhu kuholele entuthukweni enkulu ekuqondeni kwethu icosmos.
Izincomo zokungena emkhakheni wamarobhothi
Ukungena emkhakheni we-robotics, kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izincomo ezizokusiza uqonde ukuthi siyini lesi siyalo nokuthi sisebenza kanjani. Amarobhothi igatsha lobunjiniyela elibhekele ukuklama, ukwakhiwa nokuhlela amarobhothi azimele noma alawulwa umuntu.. Lawa marobhothi angenza imisebenzi ngokuzimele noma ngokusizwa, okuwenza abe yithuluzi elibalulekile ezimbonini nasezimbonini ezahlukene.
Esinye sezincomo zokuqala yilesi funda imiqondo eyisisekelo ye-electronics kanye nezinhlelo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqonde ukuthi izingxenye zerobhothi zixhumana kanjani nokuthi ukuziphatha kwalo kuhlelwe kanjani. Ukwazi imiqondo kagesi, amasekhethi, nohlelo kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi izinzwa, ama-actuator, nezilawuli zisebenza kanjani erobhothini.
Esinye isincomo esibalulekile yilesi ukwenza amaphrojekthi asebenzayo ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwetiyetha. Ukwakha irobhothi elincane, isibonelo, kuzokuvumela ukuthi usebenzise imiqondo oyifundile futhi uzame ngezinzwa ezahlukene nama-actuator. Ukwengeza, ngokubhekana nezinselelo nezinkinga zangempela, uzokwazi ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga nokudala, abalulekile emkhakheni wamarobhothi.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.