Okwenziwa ingxenye ngayinye ye-PC.

Emkhakheni wekhompiyutha, amakhompiyutha angamathuluzi abalulekile ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola i-elementi ngayinye eyakha i-PC, sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe umsebenzi wabo kanye nokubaluleka kwayo kukho konke Kusukela ku-central processing unit (CPU) kuya ku-hard drive kanye nekhadi lehluzo, Ingxenye ngayinye idlala a indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwekhompyutha. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ujule emhlabeni wobuchwepheshe futhi uthole ukuthi ngayinye yazo yenzani.

Iprosesa: ubuchopho bekhompyutha

Iphrosesa ingenye⁢ yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu⁤ kusuka kukhompuyutha, njengoba inesibopho sokwenza yonke imisebenzi nezibalo ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kohlelo. Le ngxenye, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-CPU (Central Processing Unit), ithathwa njengobuchopho. wekhompyutha ngenxa yekhono layo lokucubungula ulwazi ngokushesha nangempumelelo.

Iphrosesa⁢ yenziwe izingxenye zangaphakathi ezimbalwa, njengeyunithi yokulawula⁤ kanye neyunithi ye-arithmetic logic, esebenza ndawonye ukuze ikhiphe imiyalelo yohlelo futhi yenze imisebenzi yezibalo edingekayo. ⁣Isebenzisa iwashi langaphakathi kanye nokujikeleza kwe-elekthronikhi okukhethekile, iphrosesa ihumusha futhi yenze imiyalelo egcinwe kumemori, yenza⁤ izigidi zezibalo⁢ ngomzuzwana.

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zephrosesa yijubane layo lokucubungula, elilinganiswa nge-GHz (gigahertz). Uma isivinini sokucubungula siphezulu, kuzoshesha ukusebenza kwekhompuyutha iyonke, ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphrosesa esimanje nawo afaka ama-cores amaningi, okubavumela ukuthi benze imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza nangaphezulu. Amanye amaphrosesa aphinde ⁢afake nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, obufana nokuphathwa kwamandla okukhaliphile kanye nokusheshisa kwezithombe, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nolwazi lomsebenzisi emisebenzini ethile.

Inkumbulo ye-RAM: inesibopho sokugcina idatha yesikhashana

I-RAM, noma i-Random Access Memory, ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile kunoma iyiphi idivayisi kagesi, kusukela kumakhompyutha kuya kuma-smartphone. Le yunithi yokugcina eshintshashintshayo inesibopho sokugcina nokunikeza ukufinyelela okusheshayo kudatha yesikhashana i uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo ezisetshenziswayo ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwazo.

I-RAM ibonakala ngokuba inkumbulo esheshayo yokubhala nokufunda, kodwa enomthamo omncane wokugcina uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zenkumbulo, njenge idrayivu kanzima. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ulele ekuvumeleni ⁢iphrosesa ukuthi ifinyelele idatha ngokushesha futhi yenze imisebenzi edingekayo. ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ngamafuphi, i-RAM isebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kweprosesa nesitoreji unomphela, igcina okwesikhashana idatha edingekayo ukuze izinhlelo zisebenze kahle. Njengoba izinhlelo zisebenza futhi zivalwa, i-RAM iyakhululwa futhi idatha egcinwe kuyo iyasulwa. Ngakho-ke, kuyatuseka ukuba nenani elanele le-RAM ukuze ugweme amabhodlela futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kwesistimu.

I-motherboard: isixhumanisi phakathi kwezingxenye ze-PC

⁤Ibhodi lomama liyingxenye ebalulekile esebenza njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile phakathi ⁤ kwazo zonke izici ezakha i-PC.⁢ Futhi yaziwa ngokuthi i-motherboard, lolu cezu lokhiye ⁢ lunikeza⁢ usekelo ⁤ oludingekayo kuphrosesa, inkumbulo, ukunwetshwa amakhadi, nezinye izakhi ziyaxhumana futhi zisebenze kahle kokuphelele.

I-motherboard itholakala ngaphakathi kwekesi lekhompyutha futhi ixhuma ngezintambo nezixhumi kuwo wonke amanye amadivaysi. Idizayini yayo eklanywe ngokucophelela ihlanganisa izikhala nezimbobo ezahlukene ezivumela ukufakwa nokuxhunywa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, njengamakhadi evidiyo, ama-hard drive, amayunithi enkumbulo nama-peripherals.

I-motherboard ifaka izici eziningi nobuchwepheshe obunomthelela ekusebenzeni namandla kwe-PC. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:

• I-Chipset: Kuyisethi yamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe alawula futhi alawule ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukene zebhodi lomama.
• Isokhethi yephrosesa: Iphoyinti lokuxhuma elibonakalayo elivumela ukufakwa kwephrosesa ebhodini lomama.
• Izikhala zokunweba: Izikhala lapho amakhadi okunweba angafakwa khona, njengamakhadi evidiyo, amakhadi omsindo, phakathi kokunye.
• Izixhumi: Izimbobo ezihlukahlukene nezixhumi ezivumela ukuxhumeka kwamadivayisi angaphandle, njenge-USB, i-HDMI, izimbobo ze-Ethernet, phakathi kwabanye.

I-hard drive: isitolo esiqinisekile solwazi

I-hard drive ibhekwa njengokugcina okuqinisekile kolwazi emhlabeni wobuchwepheshe. Le divayisi yokugcina kazibuthe inikeza amandla akhethekile okulondoloza zonke izinhlobo zedatha ngendlela ephephile ⁢futhi inokwethenjelwa. Ukusebenza kwayo kusekelwe kusethi yamapuleti ajikelezayo ambozwe ungqimba oluncane lukazibuthe, lapho idatha irekhodwa futhi ifundwe kusetshenziswa ingalo ewumshini. Ngezansi, sizohlola izici ezibalulekile ezenza i-hard drive inketho ebalulekile⁤ kunoma iyiphi isistimu yekhompyutha.

Umthamo wesitoreji: Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-hard drive umthamo wayo omkhulu wokugcina. Lawa madivaysi atholakala ngosayizi abahlukene, kusukela kumadrayivu e-ultra-compact solid state (SSD) kuya kumadrayivu aqinile asebenza kahle kakhulu anendawo ethile engama-terabytes. Lo mthamo ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine ulwazi olubanzi olufana namadokhumenti, izithombe, amavidiyo nezinhlelo zokusebenza, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuphelelwa yisikhala.

Isivinini sokudlulisa idatha: Nakuba singaziwa njengendlela yokugcina eshesha kakhulu, ama-hard drive esimanje ahlinzeka ngesivinini esisheshayo sokudlulisa idatha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kuma-solid-state hard drives (SSDs), asebenzisa inkumbulo ye-flash esikhundleni sokuphotha amapuleti. Lawa madrayivu angafunda futhi abhale idatha ngesivinini esiphezulu ngokumangalisayo, asheshise imisebenzi yansuku zonke futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kwesistimu kukonke.

Ikhadi lezithombe: ukhiye wekhwalithi yokubukwayo enhle kakhulu

Ikhadi lezithombe liyingxenye ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi idivayisi yekhompyutha efuna ukuhlinzeka ngekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yokubuka. Idizayinelwe ngokukhethekile ukucubungula nokunikezela ngezithombe, izithombe namavidiyo, lolu cezu lwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ludlala indima ebalulekile kulwazi olubonakalayo lwabasebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhadi lezithombe likuvumela ukuthi wenze ukuhlelwa kwevidiyo kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ukuklama kwezithombe, nemisebenzi yokudlala.

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zekhadi lemifanekiso yikhono lokucubungula nokubonisa izithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu.​ Lokhu kusho ukuthi lingakwazi⁢ ukunikeza izithombe ezibukhali, ezinemininingwane, okuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi ajabulele wonke amaphikseli esikrinini sakhe. Leli zinga lemininingwane libalulekile ezinhlelweni ezinjengokwakheka kwezithombe noma ukuhlela ividiyo, lapho kudingeka ukunemba okuphelele ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela yobungcweti.

Enye inzuzo yekhadi lehluzo elisezingeni amandla alo okuphatha imiphumela ebonakalayo kanye nokunikeza ihluzo ngesikhathi sangempela. yamageyimu wevidiyo, njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi udale imihlaba ebonakalayo egxilile futhi engokoqobo. Abadlali bangajabulela izindawo ezimibalabala, izinhlamvu ezinemininingwane, nemiphumela emangazayo, konke ngenxa yamandla ekhadi lezithombe. Ngokwengeziwe, amakhadi amaningi ⁤ ezithombe ⁤aphinde anikeze ikhono lokuxhuma kuzibonisi eziningi, okuvumela ukuzizwisa okugxilile ⁢kwegeyimu.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla: inhliziyo ye-PC

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kungenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zekhompyutha, njengoba inesibopho sokuhlinzeka amandla kagesi kuzo zonke ezinye izingxenye. Ngaphandle komthombo wamandla onokwethenjelwa nowanele, ukusebenza we-PC ingathinteka futhi izingxenye zingalimala. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha ukunikezwa kwamandla okulungile kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nempilo ende ye-PC yakho.

Esinye sezici ezibalulekile okufanele sizicabangele lapho sikhetha ukunikezwa kwamandla amandla ayo. Lokhu kukalwa ngama-watts futhi kufanele kube ngokwanele ukunika amandla zonke izingxenye ze-PC yethu. indlela ephumelelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kunezixhumi ezidingekayo zawo wonke amadivayisi esifuna ukuwafaka ku-PC yethu, njengamakhadi ezithombe, ama-hard drive, namafeni.

Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kagesi. Amandla kagesi asebenza kahle kakhulu ayakwazi ukuguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla asebenzisekayo ngokuphumelelayo, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise inani likagesi elichithwa njengokushisa. Ukufuna ukunikezwa kwamandla⁢ okunesitifiketi sokusebenza kahle kwamandla, njenge-80 PLUS, kungasisiza songe amandla futhi sehlise izikweletu zikagesi esikhathini eside.

Isistimu yokusebenza: ⁤isofthiwe evumela⁢ ukusebenza kwe-PC

Uhlelo olusebenzayo Iyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu (i-PC) njengoba iyisofthiwe enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvumela nokulawula ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinsiza nezinhlelo kukhompyutha. Ngaphandle kwayo, i-PC ngeke ikwazi ukusebenzisa noma yimuphi umsebenzi noma uhlelo lokusebenza.

Uhlelo⁢ olusebenzayo lusebenza njengomlamuli ⁢phakathi kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nomsebenzisi, luhlinzeka ngoxhumo lapho imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ingenziwa khona, njengokuphathwa kwefayela, ukulawulwa kwendawo, ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi, kanye nokwenziwa kohlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inesibopho sokwaba nokukhulula izinsiza ngendlela efanele ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-PC.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze izinhlelo ezisebenzayo, okuvame kakhulu yiWindows, macOS neLinux. Ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nokuhambisana kwayo, ngakho-ke ukukhethwa kwesistimu yokusebenza kuzoxhomeka ezidingweni nasekukhethweni komsebenzisi. Ngokuvamile, amasistimu okusebenza ahlinzeka ngezibuyekezo ezivamile zokwengeza izici ezintsha, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokulungisa iziphazamisi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuwagcina enolwazi lwakamuva ukuze ujabulele okuhlangenwe nakho okuphelele. kwi-PC.

Q&A

Q: Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-PC?
A: Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-PC ibhodi lomama, iprosesa, i-RAM, i-hard drive, ikhadi lezithombe kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla.

Q: Iyiphi indima edlalwa i-motherboard ku-PC?
A: I-motherboard iyingxenye "eyinhloko" ye-PC, njengoba ixhuma zonke ezinye izingxenye futhi ivumela ukuthi zixhumane zodwa Iphinde inikeze amachweba adingekayo ukuze axhume amadivayisi angaphandle.

Q: Iyini indima yeprosesa ku-PC?
A: Iphrosesa iwubuchopho be-PC futhi inesibopho sokwenza yonke imiyalelo nezibalo. Inesibopho sokucubungula imininingwane nokwenza yonke imisebenzi edingwa umsebenzisi.

Q: Yenzani i-RAM ku-PC?
A: I-RAM yilapho idatha nezinhlelo ezisetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi kugcinwa khona okwesikhashana. Uma i-PC inememori eyengeziwe ⁢RAM,⁤ imisebenzi eminingi engayenza ⁣ngokushesha⁤ nangempumelelo kakhudlwana.

Q: Kungani i-hard drive ibalulekile ku-PC?
A: I-hard drive iyidivayisi yokugcina ye-PC, lapho idatha igcinwa khona. unomphela ⁢wonke amafayela, izinhlelo ⁢namasistimu okusebenza. Kubalulekile ukulondoloza ulwazi ngisho nalapho i-PC icishiwe.

Q: Uyini umsebenzi wekhadi lezithombe ku-PC?
A: Ikhadi lezithombe linesibopho sokucubungula nokukhiqiza izithombe namavidiyo aboniswa kusiqapha. Kubaluleke kakhulu kumidlalo nezinhlelo zokuklama izithombe, njengoba zidinga ukusebenza okubonakalayo okukhulu.

Umbuzo: Kwenzani ukunikezwa kwamandla ku-PC?
A: Ukunikezwa kwamandla kunomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlinzeka ngamandla kagesi adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwazo zonke izingxenye ze-PC. Ngaphandle kokunikezwa kwamandla okufanele, i-PC ngeke ikwazi ukuvula noma ukusebenza kahle.

Ekuphetheni

Ngamafuphi, ingxenye ngayinye ye-PC idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni jikelele nasekusebenzeni kohlelo. Iprosesa, i-RAM, ikhadi lezithombe, i-hard drive kanye nebhodi lomama kusebenza ndawonye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle. Ngenkathi iphrosesa yenza izibalo futhi isebenzise imiyalelo, i-RAM igcina idatha edingekayo ukuze icutshungulwe Ikhadi lezithombe linakekela imidwebo nokucutshungulwa okubonakalayo, okusivumela ukuthi sijabulele imidlalo namavidiyo. I-hard drive igcina unomphela zonke izinhlelo zethu namafayela. Futhi okokugcina, i-motherboard ixhuma zonke izingxenye futhi ivumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo. Ngayinye yalezi zingxenye ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-PC futhi ukuqonda umsebenzi wayo kuzosisiza ukuthi senze izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho sithuthukisa noma silungisa isistimu yethu. Ekugcineni, ukuqonda ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ye-PC yenzani kusinikeza ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi lolu hlelo lobuchwepheshe oluyinkimbinkimbi lusebenza kanjani.