Yini u-Alfred Jarry agcina eyenzile?

⁣ U-Alfred Jarry: Lenzeni leli ciko elinezici eziningi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20? Emkhakheni wezincwadi, imidlalo yeshashalazi nobuciko ngokujwayelekile, igama lika-Alfred Jarry lingelinye elivelele kakhulu. UJarry, owazalelwa eFrance ngo-1873, wayengumuntu osungula izinto ezintsha futhi onempikiswano umsebenzi wakhe nomcabango wakhe kushiye uphawu olubalulekile. emlandweni yobuciko. Kusukela ekudalweni kwakhe komqondo we "pataphysics" kuya kumthelela wakhe enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi engenangqondo, U-Jarry ubonwa njengesandulela sokunyakaza kwe-avant-garde namaza obuciko. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola amagalelo ka-Jarry aphawuleka kakhulu kanye nomthelela wakhe endaweni yamasiko yesikhathi sakhe.

1. Ukuthola u-Alfred Jarry: Ingcweti enezici eziningi futhi eyimpikiswano

U-Alfred Jarry wayengomunye wezihlakaniphi eziguquguqukayo nezinempikiswano zesikhathi sakhe. Wazalelwa eLaval, eFrance, ngo-1873 futhi wagqama njengombhali, umbhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi, imbongi, umbhali wamanoveli kanye nomhlaziyi wezobuciko. Umsebenzi wakhe ogqame kakhulu kwakuwumdlalo othi "Ubu Roi", owaba yingqopha-mlando enkundleni yeshashalazi engenangqondo futhi waba nomthelela ohlala njalo. emhlabeni ubuciko.

UJarry akagcinanga ngokuzinikela ekubhaleni, ubethanda neminye imikhakha efana nesayensi nezibalo. Umsebenzi wakhe othi "Exploits and Opinions of Dr. Faustroll, Pataphysician" uyinganekwane yesayensi ehlanganisa izici zemibhalo nesayensi Ngaphezu kwalokho, uJarry wayengumanduleli obalulekile we-surrealism,⁢ ehlola ubudlelwano phakathi kobuciko nomcabango.

Impilo yomuntu siqu ka-Jarry yaphawulwa izingxabano nokungasho lutho. Ukuziphatha kwakhe okuwubukhazikhazi nendlela yokuphila ye-bohemian kwaholela ezinkingeni eziningi, kuhlanganise nezinkinga zezimali kanye namahlazo omphakathi. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kobunzima bakhe, uJarry washiya ifa elibalulekile emhlabeni wezobuciko, ekhunjulwa njengomunye wabasunguli abakhulu kakhulu besikhathi sakhe.

2. Ifa lika-Alfred Jarry ezincwadini ze-avant-garde nasetiyetha

1. Umthelela ka-Jarry ezincwadini ze-avant-garde: ngokungangabazeki bekubalulekile. Umsebenzi wakhe odume kakhulu, "Ubu Rey", wahlukana nemihlangano yemibhalo yangaleso sikhathi ngokwethula umlingiswa omubi nonodlame ophonsela inselelo izimiso zezenhlalo nezokuziphatha. Lo msebenzi, obonakala ngolimi lwawo olungenangqondo nokugxeka okunamandla kwegunya, usebenze njengesikhuthazo kubabhali abaningi be-avant-garde nababhali bemidlalo abafana no-Antonin Artaud noSamuel Beckett. UJarry wethula umqondo we "pataphysics", isayensi ecatshangelwayo ehlola ukungabi nangqondo nokungabi nangqondo kweqiniso, okube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-surrealism kanye nezincwadi zokuhlola ngokujwayelekile.

2. Ithiyetha ka-Jarry nomthelela wayo esigcawini se-avant-garde: Hhayi ezincwadini kuphela, ifa lika-Alfred Jarry lalikhona futhi emkhakheni wetiyetha we-avant-garde. Imisebenzi yakhe yaseshashalazini yayibonakala ngobuhle bayo obuphazamisayo kanye nokudelela kwabo izingqungquthela zasesiteji. U-Jarry wethula umqondo "wobuwula" ethiyetha, ebekela inselele okulindelwe yisibukeli futhi engabaza imikhawulo yokumelwa kwesiteji. Umthelela wakhe ungalandelelwa emidlalweni yeshashalazi yakamuva efana⁢ netiyetha ewumbudane, lapho ababhali abafana no-Samuel⁢ Beckett⁤ kanye no-Eugène Ionesco⁢ bathathe eminye yemibono emisha ⁤namasu ahlongozwe uJarry adlulele.

3.⁤Ifa lika-Jarry kusiko lesimanje⁢: Yize u-Alfred Jarry aphila ngekhulu le-19, ifa lakhe lisakhona kusiko lwanamuhla. Umthelela wetiyetha yakhe kanye ⁢nemibhalo yakhe ingabonakala ⁣imisebenzi yamanje⁢ kanye nokunyakaza kobuciko⁤. Isibonelo, ubuhle be-punk, nesimo sayo sengqondo esivusa inkanuko kanye nokwenqaba izinkambiso zomphakathi, babelana ngokufana nombono ka-Jarry ovukelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo wakhe "we-pataphysics" uthathwe amaciko anamuhla njengamalungu eqembu lezobuciko i-Oulipo, azinikele ekuhloleni amathuba okudala nezakhiwo ezinengqondo zezincwadi ngemidlalo esemthethweni nemikhawulo azibekele yona.

3. Ithonya lika-Alfred Jarry ku-surrealism kanye ne-dadaism

U-Alfred Jarry, umbhali odumile waseFrance nombhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi, yaba neqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-surrealism kanye ne-dadaism. Umsebenzi wakhe woguquko kanye nesitayela sakhe kwaba nomthelela kumaciko amaningi alandelayo kanye nomnyakazo wobuciko. Omunye wemisebenzi yakhe ebaluleke kakhulu ithi “Ubu Roi”, umdlalo owahlukana nezimbizo zethiyetha yendabuko futhi wagxila ekugxekeni kwezepolitiki nezenhlalo yangaleso sikhathi.

UJarry wethula umbono we "pataphysics", isayensi eqanjiwe ehlekisa ngokunengqondo futhi ehlola izinto ezingenangqondo namahlaya. Lo mbono wefilosofi nemibhalo wabeka izisekelo ze-surrealism kanye ne-dadaism, ukunyakaza okwakufuna ukuketula izinkambiso ezimisiwe kanye nokuhlola imibono ka-Jarry nge-pataphysics kanye nendlela yakhe ephazamisayo ibe nomthelela kumaciko afana no-André Breton kanye no-Tzara Tzara, izibalo ezibalulekile⁤ ku-surrealism kanye ne-dadaism, ngokulandelana.

Ikhono lika-Jarry⁤ loku imibuzo kanye nenselelo yezimiso zobuciko nezokubhala kube negalelo elikhulu ⁢ekuvuleni ⁢amathuba amasha okudala. Imisebenzi yakhe nendlela yakhe emisha yaphefumulela ama-surrealists ekuhloleni kwabo amaphupho kanye nokuquleka kweqoqo, kanye nama-dadaists ekwenqabeni kwabo ukucabanga okunengqondo kanye nokubonakaliswa kwakho okuvusa inkanuko ye-surrealism kanye ne-Dadaism akunakuphikwa, futhi imibono yabo iyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela kwezobuciko kanye ‍. izincwadi kuze kube namuhla.

4. Ukudalwa komlingiswa oyizimpawu: Ubu Rey

U-Alfred Jarry, umbhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi owaziwayo, imbongi kanye nombhali wezincwadi owazalwa eFrance ngo-1873, wayengumbhali weminye yemisebenzi emisha neyimpikiswano yesikhathi sakhe: Ubu Rey. U-Jarry udale lo mlingiswa oyifanekiselo njengokugxeka okubhuqayo kobukhosi namandla okugunyaza. emphakathini. Ngo-Ubu⁤ Rey,⁤ uJarry ukwazile⁤ ukuguqula imidlalo yaseshashalazini futhi ahlukane nezingqungquthela ezisungulwe ⁢ngomdlalo weshashalazi wesikhathi sakhe.

Ukudalwa kwe-Ubu Rey kugqugquzelwe yindaba yasebuntwaneni buka-Jarry, lapho omunye adlala naye wayenomkhuba wokuthi "merci" esikhundleni sokuthi "merci." UJarry⁤ wathatha leli gama walenza libe yi-leitmotiv yomsebenzi wakhe, elisebenzisa. ezikhathini eziningi ukuze inselele izinkambiso kanye nama-taboos olimi lweshashalazi. Ukusetshenziswa kolimi okuvusa inkanuko nokweqa umthetho e-Ubu Rey kwaba ikhefu elinesibindi elashaqisa umphakathi futhi ladala impikiswano.

Ngaphezu kolimi, u-Jarry uphinde wahlola isakhiwo nokuqukethwe. yomsebenzi. Esikhundleni sokulandela itulo lomugqa wendabuko, i-Ubu Rey yethula ukulandelana kwezigcawu ezinesiphithiphithi nezingenangqondo, ezigcwele ubudlova namahlaya asabekayo. Lolu hlobo olusha lokulandisa kwaseshashalazini lwabekela inselele imihlangano emikhulu futhi lwavula iminyango yokuhlolwa kwemidlalo yaseshashalazini yekhulu lama-20.

5. UJarry kanye nomqondo wakhe wokuguqula ubuciko: La pataphysics

U-Alfred Jarry, owaziwa njengoyise we-pataphysics, wayengumbhali nombhali wemidlalo waseFrance owaguqula umhlaba wezobuciko ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Umbono wakhe wobuciko, osuselwe embonweni wokuthi yonke into ⁤inevelue yobuhle⁢ nokuthi ayikho imikhawulo emiswe ngaphambili noma imithetho, ishiye ifa elihlala njalo emhlabeni wamasiko.

Omunye wemisebenzi kaJarry ephawuleka kakhulu ithi "Ubu⁤ Roi", umdlalo owawubekela inselele zonke izingqungquthela zangaleso sikhathi. Kuyo, uJarry wethula umlingiswa ka-Ubu, umashiqela onyantisayo futhi ongenangqondo owaba wuphawu lokuketulwa kobuciko. Lo mlingisi, obonisa umbono ka-Jarry womphakathi kanye nepolitiki yesikhathi sakhe, ube nomthelela kumaciko amaningi nezinhlangano zobuciko kuze kube yinamuhla.

U-Jarry uphinde wathuthukisa umqondo we-pataphysics, isayensi ecatshangelwayo efunda imithetho elawula okuhlukile nokudidayo. Lo mbono wobuciko njengomkhakha ongenamkhawulo wamathuba ukhuthaze izizukulwane zamaciko ukuthi zihlole izindlela ezintsha zokukhuluma futhi zihlukane nezimiso ezimisiwe. U-Jarry ubeyiphayona langempela embonweni wakhe wezobuciko we-avant-garde, izinkambiso eziyinselele kanye⁣ owasungula isisekelo esisha⁤ sokucabanga ngobuciko.

6. U-Alfred Jarry kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwakhe embuthweni we-anarchist

U-Alfred Jarry, umbhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi ongumFulentshi nembongi, ngokungangabazeki washiya uphawu olujulile emkhakheni wobuciko. Nokho, bambalwa abaziyo ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe embuthweni we-anarchist wasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ukuze uqonde ububanzi bezenzo zakhe, kubalulekile ukugqamisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene uJarry abe nesandla ngazo kule nhlangano yoguquko.

Okokuqala nje, UJarry Ubengumvikeli oshisekayo we inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye kanye ne ukuqedwa komyalelo omisiwe. Emibhalweni yakhe, njengemidlalo yakhe edumile ethi Ubu Roi kanye nethi Ubu Enchained, waveza isifiso sakhe sokubekela inselele imikhuba nezimiso zomphakathi. Izinhlamvu zabo ezinyantisayo nolimi olunenhlamba bezifuna ukuphazamisa nokugxeka izakhiwo zamandla ezikhona. UJarry wakholwa ukuzimela y ukukhululwa komuntu ngamunye, ukungabaza igunya nokuphakamisa ukuketula.

Ngokufanayo, ukuzibophezela kuka-Jarry ⁤ku-anarchism kwabonakala⁤ ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe ngokugcwele emaqenjini aphikisayo kanye neminyakazo yangaleso sikhathi.⁤ Wasebenzisana nezincwadi ze-anarchist futhi wavikela izimiso ze- ukulingana komphakathi kanye ne⁤ ubulungiswa. Ukuma kwakhe okuqinile kubonakala ekubambeni kwakhe iqhaza emibhikishweni nasemibhikishweni, lapho ayefuna ukugxeka ukucindezelwa kanye ukuxhashazwa akubona emphakathini wonxiwankulu. Nakuba udumo nokuqashelwa kwakhe kungeke kuthiwe kungenxa yezenzo zakhe ze-anarchist kuphela, ukuhlanganyela kwakhe ngenkuthalo kule nhlangano kwaba nesandla ekucebiseni ifa lakhe lobuciko nezombusazwe.

7. Impilo ye-eccentric kanye ne-bohemian ka-Alfred Jarry: Isandulela sempilo yesimanje yobuciko

U-Alfred ⁢Jarry, owaziwa ngempilo yakhe ye-eccentric kanye ne-bohemian, wayengumbhali nomdwebi ongumFulentshi owashiya uphawu olungacimeki esikweni lesimanje lobuciko. UJarry wayengumanduleli wempilo yobuciko, ephila ngemithetho yakhe kanye nezinkambiso ezimisiwe eziyinselele. Ithonya lakhe ladlulela ngalé komsebenzi wakhe wokubhala, okuhlanganisa nokudweba, umculo, nethiyetha yokuhlola.

UJarry Waziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe wobuciko, “Ubu Rey,” ukubhuqa okuxakile okuhambisana nemihlangano yemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Lo msebenzi woguquko uveze amandla nobushiqela ngendlela engenangqondo nengenangqondo, futhi waba ireferensi yetiyetha ye-avant-garde yekhulu lama-20. Ngaphezu kobuhlakani bakhe bokubhala, uJarry ubebuye abe ngumsunguli weminye imikhakha. Wazama izindlela ezintsha zokubhala, njenge-textinwords, lapho asusa khona onkamisa. ukudala ulimi olumnandi nolwe-surreal.

Kodwa impilo ka U-Alfred Jarry Kwakungagcini nje ekusunguleni nasekuguqukeni kwezobuciko. Ubengumlingiswa onempikiswano futhi ongaqondakali, owaziwa ngothando lwakhe lwe-absinthe nokuziphatha kwakhe okubabazekayo. UJarry wayehlala esimweni esingapheli sobumpofu neziyaluyalu, ngokuvamile engenandawo eqondile yokuhlala. Abangane bakhe bahlanganisa nabanye abaculi be-avant-garde nababhali besikhathi sakhe, abafana no-Picasso no-Apolinaire, kodwa naye waba nokugijima nomthetho ngenxa yokuziphatha kwakhe okungaqondakali.

Ngamafuphi, impilo ka⁢ U-Alfred Jarry Bekuyingxubevange yobuhlakani, ukuhlola kanye nokugqama komsebenzi wakhe nendlela yokuphila ye-bohemian yasebenza njengomthombo wogqozi ezizukulwaneni zakamuva zamaciko nabadali. U-Jarry wayeyisithombe esivelele endaweni yobuciko futhi ifa lakhe lisekhona nanamuhla, okusikhumbuza ukuthi ubuciko nempilo kungahlangana kube indlela yokuphila eyingqayizivele neyinselele.