Ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kukhona umqondo obalulekile emkhakheni wekhompyutha namanethiwekhi wedatha. Babhekisela enanini ledatha edluliswayo noma etholwa ngenethiwekhi ngesikhathi esithile. Lokhu kusakazwa kungenziwa ngemithombo ebanzi ehlukahlukene, njengezinhlelo zokusebenza, amadivaysi, noma abasebenzisi. Ukuhlaziya nokuphatha ngendlela efanele kusemqoka ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi nokuqinisekisa ulwazi oluhle lomsebenzisi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kuyini ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi nokuthi kungasetshenziswa kanjani ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwamanethiwekhi.
Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kuvezwa njengokulandelana kwamaphakethe edatha agelezayo esuka ekhelini eliwumthombo ukuya ekhelini okuyiwa kulo. Lawa maphakethe wedatha aqukethe ulwazi mayelana nephrothokholi esetshenzisiwe, izimbobo zomthombo nendawo okuyiwa kuyo, kanye nenye idatha efanelekile yokuhlaziywa kwenethiwekhi. Ngokutadisha lokhu kugeleza, kuyenzeka ukuthola umbono onemininingwane wokuthi inethiwekhi isetshenziswa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zedatha ezidluliswayo.
Ukuhlaziywa kokugeleza kwenethiwekhi Kubandakanya ukuqapha okuguquguqukayo okuningi, okufana nevolumu yedatha edluliswayo, izinga lokudlulisa, ukubambezeleka, ubude besikhathi sokugeleza nokuziphatha kwezimiso ezisetshenziswayo. Lolu lwazi lungaba usizo ukuhlonza izingqinamba ezingase zibe khona. ku-inthanethi, thola okudidayo noma amaphethini ethrafikhi asolisayo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukwabiwa kwensiza nokuhlela umthamo wenethiwekhi. Ukwengeza, ukuhlaziywa kokugeleza kwenethiwekhi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni nasekuvimbeleni izinsongo zokuphepha, ezifana nokuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS noma imizamo yokungena.
Kunamathuluzi namasu ahlukene ukuze kuhlaziywe ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi, kusukela kuzixazululo zesofthiwe eziyisipesheli kuya kuzivumelwano zenethiwekhi eziklanyelwe leyo njongo ngqo. Amanye amathuluzi ajwayelekile ahlanganisa izinhlelo zokuqapha inethiwekhi, abahlaziyi bethrafikhi, namadivayisi wokuthwebula amaphakethe. Ukusebenzisa lawa mathuluzi kungasiza abalawuli benethiwekhi bathuthukise ukusebenza, bathuthukise ukuvikeleka, futhi baxazulule ngokushesha izinkinga noma izinkinga. okungase kuvele kunethiwekhi.
Ngokufigqiwe, ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi Ziyisisekelo sokuqonda ukuthi amanethiwekhi edatha asetshenziswa futhi aziphathe kanjani. Ukuhlaziywa kwayo kukuvumela ukuthi ubone izinkinga, uthuthukise izinsiza futhi uqinisekise ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Kulesi sihloko, sihlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kuyini ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi nokuthi kungasetshenziswa kanjani ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwamanethiwekhi, kanye namathuluzi namasu atholakalayo okuhlaziya kwawo. Qhubeka nokufunda ukuze uthole ukuthi ungalusebenzisa kanjani ngokugcwele lolu lwazi olubalulekile emhlabeni wamanethiwekhi wekhompyutha namadatha.
1. Isingeniso ekugelezeni kwenethiwekhi
Uma ukhuluma ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi, sibhekisela indlela idatha edluliswa ngayo phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukene axhunywe kunethiwekhi. Ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuxhumana ku-inthanethi kanye amanye amanethiwekhi okufanayo. Lokhu kugeleza kuvumela ukushintshaniswa kolwazi ngempumelelo futhi kuyashesha, kungaba phakathi kwabasebenzisi, amaseva noma izinhlelo.
Kumongo wokugeleza kwenethiwekhi, kubalulekile ukukuqonda lokho idatha ithunyelwa ngendlela yamaphakethe. Lawa amaphakethe aqukethe ulwazi olufana nesizinda kanye nekheli okuyiwa kulo, okuqukethwe kokuxhumana nenye idatha edingekayo ekulethweni kwayo okulungile. Ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kusungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi ahilelekile, okuvumela amaphakethe ukuthi athunyelwe futhi amukelwe ngendlela ehlelekile nethembekile.
Omunye wemiqondo eyinhloko ekugelezeni kwenethiwekhi yilowo we iphrothokholi yokuxhumana. Amaphrothokholi achaza imithetho nefomethi idatha okufanele ilandelwe ukuze idluliselwe. ngenethiwekhi. Izibonelo zamaphrothokholi ajwayelekile i-TCP/IP, i-HTTP ne-FTP. Iphrothokholi ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nokusebenza kwayo, futhi kubalulekile ukukhetha iphrothokholi efanele ngokwezidingo zokuxhumana kanye namadivayisi ahilelekile.
2. Umqondo nencazelo yokugeleza kwenethiwekhi kumasistimu ekhompyutha
ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zekhompiyutha, ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Ngobubanzi, babhekisela ekuhambeni okuqhubekayo kolwazi oluhamba ngezintambo zenethiwekhi kanye nezindawo zokuxhuma. Lokhu kugeleza kungase kube indlela ekabili, okungukuthi, idatha ingageleza kuzo zombili izinkomba, futhi ingaqukatha izinhlobo zedatha ehlukahlukene, njengemilayezo, amafayela, izwi noma amakholi wevidiyo, nokunye okuningi.
Ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yekhompiyutha futhi ukuphathwa kwayo okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi. Ukugeleza kungahlaziywa futhi kulawulwe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ahlukene nemithethonqubo, njengokulawula ukugeleza, umzila nokushintsha, okuvumela ukuthi ulawule inani ledatha edluliswayo kanye nendlela eyilandelayo ngaphakathi kwegridi.
Ukubaluleka kokuqonda ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kunomthelela wabo kwikhwalithi yesevisi nasekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi. Ngokuhlaziya nokuqonda ukugeleza, abalawuli benethiwekhi bangakwazi ukuhlonza izithiyo ezingaba khona, babone ukuziphatha okuxakile noma okusolisayo, futhi balungiselele inethiwekhi ukuze baqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha okukhulisiwe. Ukwengeza, ukuhlaziya ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kunganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nethrafikhi yenethiwekhi, njengenani ledatha edluliswayo, izivumelwano ezisetshenziswayo, nezikhathi zokuphendula, okungasiza abalawuli bathuthukise umthamo wenethiwekhi futhi bahlele ukukhula kwayo kwesikhathi esizayo. Kafushane, ukuba nolwazi oluhle lokugeleza kwenethiwekhi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwamasistimu ekhompyutha.
3. Ukubaluleka kokugeleza kwenethiwekhi ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi nokusebenza
Ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kuwumqondo oyisisekelo ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi nokusebenza. Abhekisela ekulandelaneni kwamaphakethe adluliselwa phakathi kwabasingathi ababili kunethiwekhi. Ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nethrafikhi yenethiwekhi futhi kuvumela abaphathi benethiwekhi ukuthi baqaphe, bahlaziye, futhi balawule ukuhamba kwedatha. Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kokugeleza kwenethiwekhi, izinhlangano zingathuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kwamanethiwekhi azo.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokugeleza kwenethiwekhi yikhono layo lokuhlonza amaphethini wethrafikhi. Ngokuhlaziya ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi, abalawuli benethiwekhi bangathola umsebenzi oyingozi noma ongajwayelekile, njengokuhlaselwa kwe-hacker noma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Lokhu kuvumela izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuthi zithathwe ukuze kuvikelwe inethiwekhi yenhlangano nedatha ebucayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kungasiza futhi ukukhomba izingqinamba noma izinkinga zokuminyana kunethiwekhi, okuvumela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi.
Ulwazi olunikezwa ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi futhi luwusizo ekuhlaziyweni kwe-forensic. Abalawuli benethiwekhi bangasebenzisa le datha ukuze baphenye izehlakalo zokuphepha futhi banqume umsuka wezinkinga zokusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ukwengeza, ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kusiza ukuhlela inethiwekhi nokulinganisa. Ngokuqonda ukuthi izinsiza zenethiwekhi zisetshenziswa kanjani, izinhlangano zingenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwaba umkhawulokudonsa nokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokuphepha. Ngamafuphi, ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kwamanethiwekhi.
4. Izici eziyinhloko zokugeleza kwenethiwekhi nokuqapha kwazo
I inethiwekhi ukugeleza Ziyirekhodi lakho konke ukuxhumana okwenzeka phakathi kwamadivayisi akunethiwekhi. Lokhu kugeleza kufaka phakathi ulwazi lomthombo nendawo, izimbobo ezisetshenzisiwe, izivumelwano ezisetshenzisiwe, kanye nenani ledatha edluliswayo. Ukwengamela ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kubalulekile kukho kokubili ukuphepha nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi, njengoba kuvumela ukuhlonza izinsongo ezingaba khona noma ukuminyana.
Okukodwa kwe izici eziyinhloko wokugeleza kwenethiwekhi ukuthi zinikeza umbono ophelele womsebenzi wenethiwekhi. Ngokuhlaziya ukugeleza, kuyenzeka ukuthola amaphethini wethrafikhi, ukuhlonza amathuluzi ayinkinga, noma ukuhlonza ukuhlaselwa okungase kube khona. Ngokungeziwe, ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi nakho kuvumela ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi, njengoba kunikeza ulwazi kumkhawulokudonsa osetshenzisiwe kanye nezikhathi zokuphendula.
Ukuze qapha ngendlela efanele ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi iyadingeka ukuze ube namathuluzi akhethekile. Lawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi uqoqe futhi uhlaziye ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi ngesikhathi sangempela, ukhiqize imibiko enemininingwane nezixwayiso uma kukhona okudidayo Amanye alawa mathuluzi anikezela ngamakhono okuhlaziya athuthukile, njengokutholwa okungaqondakali noma ukuhlonza amaphethini ethrafikhi asolisayo. Kafushane, ukuqapha ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi.
5. Amathuluzi namasuokuhlaziya nokuphatha ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi
I ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi Ziyirekhodi lakho konke ukuxhumana okwenzeka kunethiwekhi, okuhlanganisa idatha ethunyelwe neyamukelwe, kanye nolwazi mayelana nomsuka wayo nendawo okuyiwa kuyo. Lokhu kugeleza kungavela kumadivayisi namasevisi ahlukahlukene, njengamarutha, amaswishi, ama-firewall, kanye amaseva ewebhu. Ukwengeza, ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kungaqukatha ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nethrafikhi yenethiwekhi, njengenani ledatha edluliswayo, izivumelwano ezisetshenzisiwe, namakheli e-IP ahilelekile.
Kwa hlaziya futhi ulawule ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi, Kunamathuluzi namasu ahlukahlukene atholakalayo. Lawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ubuke futhi uhlole ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi. indlela ephumelelayo, okuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuhlonzeni izinkinga zokusebenza, ukuthola ukuziphatha okuxakile, nokwenza ukuhlaziya ukuphepha. Amanye alawa mathuluzi ayisofthiwe ekhethekile, kanti amanye angase abe imibhalo yangokwezifiso noma amathuluzi ahlanganiswe ezinhlelweni zokuphatha inethiwekhi.
Enye yezindlela ezidumile zokuthi hlaziya ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi ukusetshenziswa kwenethiwekhi yophenyo. Lezi ziphenyi zibekwe ngendlela ehlelekile ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi ukuze kuthwebule ukusakaza kwedatha nokuyithumela kusistimu yokuhlaziya emaphakathi. Enye indlela evamile ukuhlaziya izingodo zokugeleza, ezikhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kumadivayisi amaningi enethiwekhi. Lawa malogi angahlinzeka ngolwazi olunemininingwane mayelana nokugeleza kwenethiwekhi, okuhlanganisa izikhathi zokuqala nezokugcina, izimbobo ezisetshenzisiwe, namabhayithi adlulisiwe.
6. Izinzuzo kanye nokusetshenziswa kokugeleza kwenethiwekhi ezindaweni zebhizinisi
Ezindaweni zebhizinisi, ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi Abhekisela ekuhambeni kwedatha kunethiwekhi yekhompiyutha, noma ngabe ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Lokhu kugeleza kungaba kwezinhlobo ezahlukene, njengokugeleza kwedatha, ukugeleza kwephakethe, noma ukugeleza kwemiyalezo. Ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kuvumela ukuxhumana phakathi amadivayisi ahlukene, njengamakhompuyutha, amaseva noma amadivaysi eselula, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwenkampani enkathini yedijithali.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko Ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi ezindaweni zebhizinisi ukuthi kungenzeka ukushintshisana ngolwazi ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Lokhu kusiza ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi phakathi kweminyango ehlukene yenkampani, yona eqondisa izinqubo zomsebenzi futhi ithuthukise ukukhiqiza kwabasebenzi. Ukwengeza, ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi nakho kwenza ukuxhumana kwangaphandle okungenazihibe nabahlinzeki, amakhasimende, nozakwethu bebhizinisi, kube lula ukusebenzisana nokwabelana ngolwazi kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi. isikhathi sangempela.
Ngokushesha uma kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokugeleza kwenethiwekhi ezindaweni zebhizinisi ziningi futhi ziyahlukahluka. Ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-imeyili, okuvumela ukuthumela nokwamukela imilayezo ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kubalulekile ekuphathweni nasekugcinweni kwe izizindalwazi ibhizinisi, ukuvumela ukufinyelela kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha kusuka ezindaweni ezihlukene. Esinye isibonelo sokusetshenziswa kokugeleza kwenethiwekhi ezindaweni zebhizinisi, ukusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi ayimfihlo abonakalayo (VPN), aqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kanye nobumfihlo bolwazi olusakazwa ngenethiwekhi yomphakathi. . Okusho ukuthi, ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kusetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izici zokuxhumana kanye nokuphathwa kolwazi ebhizinisini lesimanje.
7. Izincomo zokuthuthukisa nokwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kokugeleza kwenethiwekhi
ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi Ziwumqondo oyisisekelo ekuphathweni kwenethiwekhi futhi zibhekisela ekuhambeni kwedatha kunethiwekhi yonkana. Lawa amaphakethe olwazi adluliswa ukusuka emthonjeni ukuya endaweni okuyiwa kuyo, adlula kumadivayisi ahlukene namanodi kunethiwekhi. Ukugeleza kwenethiwekhi kungabandakanya izinhlobo ezahlukene zethrafikhi, njengezwi, ividiyo noma idatha. , futhi ingahluka imigomo yevolumu, isivinini kanye nokubalulekile.
Ngoba thuthukisa futhi uthuthukise ukuphathwa kokugeleza kwenethiwekhi, kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo ezithile ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, ucwaningo kumele lwenziwe ukuhlaziywa kwenethiwekhi okubanzi ukuhlonza izingqinamba kanye nokunquma ukuthi yikuphi ukugeleza kwedatha okubalulekile nokungabalulekile. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugxilisa imizamo yokuthuthukisa kumaphoyinti abalulekile futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kukonke kwenethiwekhi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqalisa izinqubomgomo zekhwalithi yesevisi (QoS). ukunikeza kuqala ukugeleza kwedatha ethile kuneminye. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwaba umkhawulokudonsa owanele kanye nezinsiza ekugelezeni okubaluleke kakhulu nokuqinisekisa ukuthi azithintwa ukugeleza okungabalulekile kangako. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-QoS kukuvumela futhi ukuthi ulawule futhi ukhawulele ithrafikhi engafuneki noma engagunyaziwe, uthuthukise ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Okokugcina, kuyalulekwa ukuthi usebenzise amathuluzi okuvikela. ukuqapha nokuhlaziywa kwethrafikhi ukuthola ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela mayelana nokusebenza kokugeleza kwenethiwekhi nokuthola izinkinga ezingaba khona noma ukubambezeleka. Lokhu kubonakala kusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi kusize ukuxazulula izinkinga ngendlela esebenza kahle futhi esheshayo.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.