Yini ekhethekile ngeThebula likaMendeleev?

Ithebula likaMendeleev, elaziwa nangokuthi I-Periodic Table of Elements, iyithuluzi eliyisisekelo emkhakheni we-chemistry. Ithuthukiswe usosayensi odumile waseRussia uDmitri Mendeleev ngo-1869, leli thebula lesithonjana lihlela izakhi zamakhemikhali ngendlela ehlelekile futhi lisivumela ukuba siqonde isakhiwo kanye izakhiwo zezinto ezingeni lamangqamuzana. Ukuklama nokuhlelwa kwayo, okusekelwe ezimisweni zesayensi, kwembula amaphethini nobudlelwano phakathi kwezinto, okuyenza ibe ireferensi ebalulekile ocwaningweni nasekufundiseni ngamakhemikhali. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi yini ehlukile ngaleli thebula nokuthi ukuqonda kwalo kuqhuba kanjani intuthuko enkulu emkhakheni wesayensi.

1. Isingeniso Sethebula le-Mendeleev kanye nokuhambisana kwalo kwesayensi

Ithebula le-Mendeleev liwumfanekiso oyingcaca wezakhi zamakhemikhali ezihlelwe ngokulandelana okukhulayo ngokwenombolo yazo ye-athomu, ukucushwa kwe-elekthronikhi kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali. Yahlongozwa usosayensi waseRussia uDmitri Mendeleev ngo-1869 futhi ibiyisisekelo kumakhemikhali wesimanje kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ithebula lokuqala likaMendeleev laliqukethe izakhi ezingu-63 kuphela, kodwa ngokutholakala kwezinto ezintsha ekhulwini lama-XNUMX, ithebula liye lanwetshwa futhi labuyekezwa.

Ukuhambisana kwesayensi kweThebula leMendeleev kusekwazini kwalo ukubikezela nokuchaza izici zezakhi zamakhemikhali. Ngokuhlelwa kwezinto zibe ngamaqembu nezikhathi, ithebula libonisa amaphethini ezicini ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali ezakhi. Lokhu kuye kwavumela ososayensi ukuba baqonde kangcono ukwakheka kwe-athomu nokusabela kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokubikezela izakhiwo zezinto ezingakatholwa.

Ithebula leMendeleev nalo libe wukhiye ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe nezimboni. Ngokwazi izici zezakhi, ososayensi bangazisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo lapho benza izinto, imithi namakhemikhali. Ukwengeza, ithebula libe usizo ekuhleleni nasekuhlukaniseni izakhi ngokusekelwe kobuningi bazo Emhlabeni, okwenza kube lula ukuhlola nokukhipha izinsiza zemvelo. Kafushane, Ithebula likaMendeleev liyithuluzi eliyisisekelo kukhemistri futhi belibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Ukuhleleka kwayo nokuhlukaniswa kwezakhi kusivumele ukuba siqonde izakhiwo nokuziphatha kwento, kanye nokuba negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha nezinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe..

2. Umlando nokuthuthukiswa kweThebula leMendeleev

Ihlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-19, lapho usokhemisi waseRussia uDmitri Mendeleev ehlongoza okokuqala ngqa uhlelo lwakhe lokuhlukanisa izakhi zamakhemikhali. Ithebula le-periodic likaMendeleev, njengoba livame ukubizwa kanjalo, liyithuluzi eliyisisekelo kukhemistri futhi belibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwale sayensi.

UMendeleev wahlela izakhi ngokusekelwe kubukhulu be-athomu kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela wakha ukuhleleka okunengqondo okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubikezela izakhiwo zezakhi ezisangaziwa. Ithebula lakho langempela lalihlanganisa izici ezingu-63 futhi lahlelwa ngendlela yokuthi ama-elementi anezici ezifanayo abe kukholamu efanayo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ithebula likaMendeleev liye lavela futhi lanwetshwa njengoba izakhi ezintsha zitholwa futhi ukucwaninga kwezakhiwo zabo kuya kujula. Okwamanje, i-periodic table lakhiwa izakhi ezingu-118, ngayinye inophawu lwalo nenombolo ye-athomu.

3. Isakhiwo nokuhleleka kweThebula leMendeleev

Ithebula likaMendeleev, elaziwa nangokuthi i-Periodic Table of Chemical Elements, liwumthombo obalulekile wosokhemisi nososayensi bebonke. Leli thebula lisetshenziselwa ukuhlela nokuhlukanisa izakhi zamakhemikhali ngokwe izakhiwo zayo kanye nezici. Kulesi sigaba, sizocubungula ngokuningiliziwe ukwakheka nokuhleleka kwaleli thebula eliyisisekelo.

Isakhiwo seThebula likaMendeleev sakhiwe imigqa evundlile ebizwa ngokuthi izikhathi namakholomu aqondile abizwa ngokuthi amaqembu. I-elementi ngayinye yamakhemikhali ifakwa engqamuzaneni ethile, enqunywa inombolo yayo ye-athomu nokucushwa kwe-electronic. Izakhi zihlelwa ngokulandelana kwenombolo ye-athomu ekhulayo, okuvumela ukuhlela okuhlelekile nokunengqondo.

Ithebula lihlukaniswe ngamabhulokhi amaningana, kufaka phakathi i-s, p, d kanye ne-f block, kuye ngokucushwa kwe-elekthronikhi kwezinto. Amabhulokhi asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izakhi ngokwamazinga azo wamandla kanye namaleveli angaphansi kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabonakala ukuthi kunezici zoshintsho kuthebula, okuyilezi ezitholakala kumabhulokhi u-d no-f anezakhiwo ezihlukile.

Kafushane, i-Mendeleev Table iyithuluzi eliyisisekelo lososayensi emkhakheni we-chemistry. Ukwakheka kwayo okuhlelekile nokuhleleka kuvumela ukubonwa kalula nokuhlukaniswa kwezakhi zamakhemikhali. Ngokuqonda ukuhlelwa kwezinto etafuleni, osokhemisi bangathola ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezakhiwo nezici zezakhi ezahlukene. [3-AMAPHUZU]

4. Imigqa namakholomu njengama-elementi abalulekile kuThebula le-Mendeleev

Imigqa namakholomu kuThebula likaMendeleev yizici ezibalulekile zokuqonda ukuhlelwa kwezinto zamakhemikhali. Ithebula lihlukaniswe laba imigqa evundlile ebizwa ngokuthi ongqi kanye namakholomu aqondile abizwa ngamaqoqo. Umugqa ngamunye umele isikhathi futhi ikholomu ngayinye imelela iqembu.

Izikhathi kuThebula likaMendeleev zimelela inani lamagobolondo e-electron ku-athomu. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, inkathi ngayinye ihambisana negobolondo le-electron entsha, okusho ukwanda kwenombolo ye-athomu. Isibonelo, inkathi yokuqala, engaphezulu kwetafula, iqukethe izakhi ezinegobolondo le-electron elilodwa kuphela, kuyilapho inkathi yesibili iqukethe izakhi ezinamagobolondo amabili e-electron.

Amaqembu kuThebula likaMendeleev amele inani lama-electron egobolondweni elingaphandle le-athomu. Ama-elementi angaphakathi kweqembu elifanayo ngokuvamile anezakhiwo ezifanayo ngenxa yokucushwa kwawo okufanayo kwe-elekthronikhi. Isibonelo, i-group 18, eyaziwa nangokuthi amagesi ahloniphekile, inama-electron ayisishiyagalombili egobolondweni lawo elingaphandle futhi aziwa ngokuthi azinzile ngokwedlulele.

5. Ukubaluleka kwamaqembu nezikhathi kuThebula likaMendeleev

Ithebula le-Mendeleev, elaziwa nangokuthi ithebula le-periodic lezinto, lihlelwe laba ngamaqembu nezikhathi. Lokhu kwehlukana kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni izakhiwo nobudlelwano bezakhi.

Amaqembu, amelelwa amakholomu aqondile ethebula, ahlanganisa ndawonye izici ezinezici ezifanayo. Iqembu ngalinye labelana ngokucushwa kwe-elekthronikhi okufanayo kugobolondo lalo le-valence, elinquma ukuziphatha kwalo kwamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, i-group 18, eyaziwa nangokuthi amagesi ahloniphekile, izakhi ezinzile futhi azivamile ukwakha izinhlanganisela nezinye izakhi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqembu 1, elaziwa ngokuthi izinsimbi ze-alkali, lisebenza kakhulu futhi libonakala ngokulahlekelwa kalula i-electron.

Izikhathi, ezimelelwa imigqa evundlile yetafula, zibonisa inani lamagobolondo e-electron isici ngasinye esinawo. Njengoba sisuka kwesokunxele siye kwesokudla esikhathini esithile, inombolo ye-athomu iyanda futhi ama-electron engeziwe engeziwe kugobolondo le-valence. Ngakho-ke, izakhi ezivela esikhathini esifanayo zinezindawo ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali. Isibonelo salokhu isikhathi sesi-2, lapho sithola khona i-lithium, i-beryllium, i-boron, i-carbon, i-nitrogen, i-oxygen, i-fluorine ne-neon. Nakuba zonke zingezona izinsimbi, zinokuphinda zisebenze okuhlukile nezici zomzimba.

Kafushane, kokubili amaqembu kanye nezikhathi kuThebula le-Mendeleev zibalulekile ekuqondeni izici nokuziphatha kwezakhi. Izakhi zeqembu ezinezici ezifanayo ngenxa yokucushwa kwazo kwe-elekthronikhi kugobolondo le-valence, kuyilapho izikhathi zibonisa inani lamagobolondo e-electron ku-elementi ngayinye. Ulwazi lwale nhlangano lusivumela ukuba sibikezele izakhiwo zezakhi kanye nekhono lazo lokwenza izinhlanganisela.

6. Izakhiwo zezikhathi ezithile namathrendi wezakhi kuThebula le-Mendeleev

Ithebula le-Mendeleev liyithuluzi eliyisisekelo kukhemistri elihlela izakhi ngokusekelwe ezintweni zazo zezikhathi ezithile namathrendi. Lezi zakhiwo zibhekisela ezicini ezithile zezinto eziphindaphindwayo ngezikhathi ezithile kuthebula. Ngokuqonda lezi zindlela, singabikezela ukuziphatha kwezakhi zamakhemikhali nezinhlanganisela.

Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ngezikhathi ezithile ubukhulu be-athomu. Ngokuvamile, usayizi wama-athomu wehla ukusuka kwesokunxele kuye kwesokudla kuthebula le-periodic futhi anda ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Lokhu kuthambekela kungenxa yethonya lokushaja okusebenzayo kwe-nuclear, okuwukukhanga i-electron ekuzwayo ku-nucleus ye-athomu. Uma amandla enuzi esebenza ngempumelelo, ama-electron azokhangwa kakhulu futhi i-athomu izoba mancane.

Enye impahla ye-periodic efanelekile i-electronegativity. I-Electronegativity ibonisa ikhono le-athomu lokuheha ama-electron kuye ngokwalo ngesibopho samakhemikhali. Kuthebula le-periodic, amandla e-electronegativity ayanda ukusuka kwesokunxele kuye kwesokudla futhi ancipha ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Lo mkhuba uhlobene nosayizi we-athomu, njengoba ama-athomu amancane anogesi omkhulu ngenxa yokushaja kwawo okunamandla kwe-nuclear. I-Electronegativity ibaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukwakheka kwamabhondi amakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zezinto.

Ngamafuphi, basinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ukuze siqonde futhi sibikezele ukuziphatha kwamakhemikhali kwezakhi nezinhlanganisela. Usayizi we-athomu kanye ne-electronegativity kuphela ezinye izibonelo wezakhiwo ze-periodic esingazibona kuthebula. Ngokuqonda lezi zindlela, singakwazi ukubikezela futhi senze izinqumo ezinolwazi ocwaningweni lwamakhemikhali. [END

7. Indima yezinombolo ze-athomu kuThebula likaMendeleev

Izinombolo ze-athomu zidlala indima ebalulekile enhlanganweni yeThebula le-Mendeleev. I-elementi ngayinye kuthebula le-periodic inikezwa inombolo ye-athomu ehlukile emele inani lamaphrothoni ku-nucleus yayo. Lezi zinombolo ze-athomu zihlelwa ngokulandelana okwandayo kuthebula, okuvumela ama-elementi ukuthi ahlukaniswe ngokuhlelekile.

Ukuma kwe-elementi kuThebula le-Mendeleev kunqunywa inombolo yayo ye-athomu. Inombolo ye-athomu futhi isiza ukukhomba izici nezici ze-elementi. Njengoba wehla etafuleni usuka kwesokunxele uye kwesokudla naphezulu uye phansi, izinombolo ze-athomu zikhula kancane kancane, okubonisa ukwanda kwenani lama-proton nama-electron kuma-athomu.

Ngaphezu kwendima yazo ekuhleleni nasekuhlukaniseni izakhi, izinombolo ze-athomu nazo ziwusizo ekubikezeleni ukuziphatha kwezakhi. Inombolo ye-athomu inikeza ulwazi mayelana nokushajwa kwe-nuclear kanye nosayizi we-athomu, okuhlobene nokusebenza kabusha nezici zamakhemikhali ze-elementi. Ngakho, izinombolo ze-athomu zisivumela ukuba sisungule amaphethini namathrendi kuthebula le-periodic, okubalulekile ekuqondeni ukwakheka nokuziphatha kwezakhi zamakhemikhali.

8. Izakhi ze-Transuranic nokufakwa kwazo kuThebula le-Mendeleev

9. Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kweThebula likaMendeleev kukhemistri yesimanje

Ithebula likaMendeleev, elaziwa nangokuthi i-Periodic Table of Elements, iyithuluzi eliyisisekelo kukhemistri yesimanje. Leli thebula lihlela ngokuhlelekile zonke izakhi zamakhemikhali ezaziwayo ngokwezakhiwo zazo kanye nokucushwa kwe-elekthronikhi. Ukusebenza kwayo kukhemistri yesimanje kubanzi futhi kuhlukahlukene, futhi ngezansi sizobona ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zeThebula likaMendeleev.

A kwezicelo Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zeThebula likaMendeleev yindima yalo ekubikezeleni izakhiwo zezinto ezingaziwa. Ngenxa yenhlangano yetafula, kungenzeka ukubikezela izici zezakhi ezintsha, njengobukhulu bazo, i-athomu ye-athomu nokucushwa kwe-electronic. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali amasha nasocwaningweni lwezinto ezithuthukisiwe.

Olunye uhlelo olusebenzayo lweThebula leMendeleev ukusetshenziswa kwalo ekunqumeni i-valence yezakhi. I-Valence inombolo yama-electron i-athomu ye-elementi engalahlekelwa ngayo, iwazuze, noma yabelane ngayo ukuze akhe isibopho samakhemikhali. I-valence ye-elementi ihlobene nendawo yayo kuthebula le-periodic, njengoba izakhi eqenjini elifanayo zinezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezifanayo. Ngosizo lwetafula, kungenzeka ukucacisa i-valence ye-elementi futhi ngaleyo ndlela uqonde kangcono ukuziphatha kwayo kwamakhemikhali.

10. Izinkinga ezingaxazululiwe kuThebula likaMendeleev

11. Iminikelo nokugxeka kweThebula leMendeleev kusukela ekudalweni kwalo

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu namashumi amahlanu kusukela ekudalweni kwalo, Ithebula le-Mendeleev libe yisihloko seminikelo eminingi kanye nokugxeka okuvela emphakathini wesayensi. Le minikelo nokugxeka kube nomthelela ekupheleliseni nasekukhuliseni ukuqonda kwezakhi kanye nezakhiwo zazo.

Enye yeminikelo eyinhloko ku-Mendeleev Table kube ukufakwa kwezinto ezintsha ezitholwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengoba kutholwa izakhi ezintsha, indawo yazo etafuleni kufanele ihlolwe ngokusekelwe ezicini nasezimpahleni zazo. Lokhu kuhilele ukuhlelwa kabusha nokunwetshwa kwethebula langempela eliphakanyiswe uMendeleev, okuye kwaholela ekuqondeni okukhulu nasekuhlukaniseni izakhi.

Ukugxekwa kwethebula le-Mendeleev nakho bekubalulekile ekuziphendukeleni kwayo. Ososayensi abahlukahlukene baye bangabaza ukuhlelwa kwezinto ezisetafuleni, bephakamisa izindlela ezihlukene zokuzihlela nokuzihlukanisa. Lokhu kugxeka kuholele ekubuyekezweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwethebula lokuqala, futhi kube negalelo ekukhiqizeni izinkulumo-mpikiswano nezingxoxo emphakathini wesayensi. Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi, naphezu kokugxekwa, Ithebula likaMendeleev liyaqhubeka lisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi lamukelwa njengethuluzi eliyisisekelo lokufunda izakhi zamakhemikhali.

Kafushane, bezihloselwe ukwandisa kanye nokwenza kahle ukuqonda kwezakhi zamakhemikhali. Ukufakwa kwezinto ezintsha ezitholiwe kanye nokubuyekezwa kokuhlelwa kwazo kube yiminikelo ebalulekile eminyakeni edlule. Ukugxeka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudale izinkulumo-mpikiswano nezingxoxo ezibalulekile emphakathini wesayensi, okunothisa ulwazi futhi kwaba nesandla ekuthuthukisweni kwekhemistri.

12. Ithebula leMendeleev njengethuluzi lokubikezela izakhiwo zamakhemikhali

Ithebula le-Mendeleev, elaziwa nangokuthi i-Periodic Table of Elements, iyithuluzi eliyisisekelo kumakhemikhali wokubikezela izakhiwo zamakhemikhali. Leli thebula lihlela izakhi zamakhemikhali ngokusekelwe kwinombolo yazo ye-athomu kanye nokucushwa kwe-elekthronikhi, okuvumela ukusungula ubudlelwano namaphethini phakathi kwazo.

Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zeThebula leMendeleev ukubikezela izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zezakhi. Isibonelo, uma izakhiwo zesici esithile zaziwa, umuntu angasesha ezinye izakhi kuThebula ezabelana ngezici ezifanayo. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu kumakhemikhali njengoba kubavumela ukuba babikezele ukuthi into engaziwa izoziphatha kanjani ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene.

Kunamasu namathuluzi ahlukahlukene angasetshenziswa kanye neThebula le-Mendeleev lokubikezela izakhiwo zamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, amamodeli ezibalo angasetshenziswa ukubala izakhiwo ezifana nendawo yokubilisa, ukuncibilika, noma ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kwenhlanganisela. Ngokufanayo, zikhona izizindalwazi ku-inthanethi enikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali zezakhi kanye nezinhlanganisela zazo. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa i-molecular modelling kanye nesofthiwe yokulingisa ukubikezela izakhiwo zenhlanganisela yamakhemikhali eyinkimbinkimbi.

Kafushane, Ithebula le-Mendeleev liyithuluzi elibalulekile kukhemistri lokubikezela izakhiwo zamakhemikhali. Ukuhleleka kwayo kwezakhi kusivumela ukuthi sithole ukufana futhi sisungule ubudlelwano phakathi kwazo. Uma kuhlanganiswe namasu afana nokusetshenziswa kwamamodeli ezibalo, isizindalwazi, nesofthiwe yokulingisa, osokhemisi bangakwazi ukubikezela ngokunembe kakhudlwana izici zezakhi zamakhemikhali nezinhlanganisela zazo.

13. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nezinguqulo ezalandela kuMendeleev Table

I-Periodic Table of the Elements, eyaqala ukwakhiwa nguMendeleev ngo-1869, iye yaba nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nokuguqulwa okuningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zinguquko zibe umphumela wokutholwa okusha kwesayensi, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqonda kangcono izakhiwo nezici zezakhi zamakhemikhali.

Enye yezinguquko eziphawulekayo kuMendeleev Table kwenzeka ngawo-20, lapho umqondo wezinombolo ze-athomu usungulwa futhi ithebula lihlelwa kabusha ngokusekelwe kulezi zinombolo. Le nguqulo entsha ivumele izakhi ukuthi zihlukaniswe ngokwesakhiwo sazo se-athomu futhi yanikeza isisekelo esiqinile socwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo.

Okunye ukuguqulwa okubalulekile kwenzeke kuma-40s kanye nama-50s, ngokutholakala kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kanye nokufakwa kwazo etafuleni. Lezi zakhi, ezinezinombolo ze-athomu ezingaphezu kuka-92, zanweba futhi zaqeda ukwakheka kwe-Periodic Table, zinikeza ukuqonda okukhulu kwemvelo nokuhlelwa kwezinto endaweni yonke.

Kusukela lapho, kuye kwenziwa izinguquko eziningi, kwengeza izici ezintsha nokuxazulula izinkinga ezikhona zokuhlukanisa. I-Periodic Table isiyithuluzi eliyisisekelo kukhemistri nakweminye imikhakha yesayensi, ihlinzeka ngokuboniswa okucacile nokuhlelekile okubonakalayo kwezakhi kanye nezakhiwo zazo. Njengoba intuthuko kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe iqhubeka, kungenzeka ukuthi Ithebula le-Mendeleev lizoqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi lizivumelanise nokubonisa izinto ezintsha ezitholakele nocwaningo. [END

14. Iziphetho ngokubaluleka nokuhluka kweThebula le-Mendeleev

Sengiphetha, ukubaluleka nokuhluka kweThebula le-Mendeleev kusekwazini kwalo ukuhlela izakhi zamakhemikhali ngokulandelana okuhlelekile okusekelwe kusakhiwo sazo se-athomu kanye nezakhiwo. Leli thebula lezikhathi linikeza ithuluzi eliyigugu losokhemisi, izazi zefiziksi, nabanye ososayensi ekuqondeni nasekubikezeleni ukuziphatha kwezakhi.

Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zeThebula likaMendeleev yikhono layo lokubikezela izakhiwo zezakhi ezazingakatholakali ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwalo. UMendeleev ushiye izikhala ezingenalutho kuthebula zezakhi ezazingaziwa ngaleso sikhathi futhi wakwazi ukubona kusengaphambili ngokunembile izici zalezi zinto ezingakatholwa. Leli khono lokubikezela lifakazele ukuthi liwubufakazi bamandla nokuba wusizo kweThebula le-Mendeleev kusayensi yesimanje.

Esinye isizathu esibalulekile sokubaluleka kweThebula leMendeleev luwusizo ukuhlonza amaphethini namathrendi ezicini zezakhi. Ngokuhlela ama-elementi abe yimigqa namakholomu ngokwenombolo yawo ye-athomu nokucushwa kwe-elekthronikhi, ithebula libonisa ukujwayelekile kwezikhathi ezimpahleni ezifana ne-electronegativity, irediyasi ye-athomu, kanye nokusebenza kabusha kwamakhemikhali. Lawa maphethini avumela ososayensi ukuthi benze izibikezelo futhi basungule ubudlelwano phakathi kwezakhi, okusiza kakhulu ukutadisha nokuthuthuka kwekhemistri.

Kafushane, I-Periodic Table of the Elements kaMendeleev iyithuluzi elibalulekile emkhakheni wamakhemikhali, elibonise ukuthi liwusizo kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni nasekuqondeni izakhi ezaziwayo. Ukwakheka kwayo nokuhlelwa okuhlelekile kusivumela ukuthi sihlonze izakhiwo nokuthambekela kwe-elementi ngayinye, okubalulekile lapho kwenziwa izifundo zamakhemikhali nokuhlola.

Ithebula leMendeleev ligqama ngekhono lalo lokubikezela ubukhona nezakhiwo zezakhi ezintsha, kanye nokusungula ubudlelwano phakathi kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlelwa kwayo okusekelwe emaqenjini nasezinkathini kusivumela ukuthi sihlonze ukufana nokwehluka phakathi kwezakhi, okwenza kube lula ukufunda nokuhlaziya kwazo.

Kanye yomlando, Ithebula le-Mendeleev belilokhu liyisihloko sokubuyekezwa njalo nokulungiswa, njengoba izici ezintsha zitholwa futhi ziphenywa. Lokhu kusivumele ukuthi sandise ulwazi lwethu mayelana nesakhiwo se-athomu namabhondi amakhemikhali, kanye nokuba negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi nobuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zesayensi nezimboni.

Sengiphetha, Ithebula le-Mendeleev liyithuluzi eliyisisekelo emkhakheni we-chemistry, eliguqule indlela esiqonda ngayo futhi sihlukanise izakhi. Ukuhlelwa kwayo okuhlelekile, amandla okubikezela kanye nokubuyekezwa okuqhubekayo kuyenza ireferensi ebalulekile kososayensi, okuthi ngayo bahlole futhi bathole imininingwane yezakhi kanye nezakhiwo zazo.