Iphrothokholi yokuxhumana ye-SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). I-SMTP iyindinganiso esetshenziselwa ukuthumela ama-imeyili ku-inthanethi. Selokhu yasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-80, ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekushintshanisweni kwemiyalezo kunethiwekhi yonkana. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abaziyo ukuthi ungubani umsunguli walesi simiso esibalulekile kanye nentuthuko eyilethwe ukudalwa kwayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola impilo nomsebenzi womuntu onesibopho sokusungula umthetho olandelwayo we-SMTP, sithola umthelela wayo endleleni esixhumana ngayo namuhla.
Iphrothokholi ye-SMTP yasungulwa ngu-Vinton G. Cerf no-Jon Postel ngo-1982 njengengxenye yokucaciswa kwezivumelwano zokuqala ze-inthanethi. UCerf noPostel, ababebhekwa njengamaphayona ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Internet, basebenza ndawonye ukudala a indlela ephumelelayo ukudlulisa imiyalezo ye-imeyili phakathi izinhlelo ezahlukene ososayensi bamakhompyutha. Indlela yabo yayisekelwe ezimisweni eziyisisekelo, njengokulula, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokuqina, okuqhubeka nokuba yizinsika ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezivumelwano zokuxhumana namuhla.
Durante su desarrollo, Abasunguli bephrothokholi ye-SMTP babhekane nezinselele ezinkulu Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokufaneleka kwayo ezidingweni zomphakathi okhulayo wabasebenzisi be-inthanethi, i-SMTP yathuthukiswa. Njengoba ukuxhumana nge-imeyili kwanda ngokushesha, bekubalulekile ukunikeza iphrothokholi ezovumela ukulethwa okuthembekile kwemiyalezo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Idizayini ye-SMTP bekufanele ibhekane nezindaba ezinjengokuthembeka, ukuqinisekiswa kwekheli le-imeyili, nokuphathwa kwamaphutha, okuphakamise imibuzo ebalulekile okwakudingeka ixazululwe.
Igalelo elibalulekile emlandweni wezokuxhumana
Ukudalwa kwe-SMTP kumelwe ingqophamlando emlandweni wezokuxhumanaIvumele izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke ukuthi zixhumane ngokushesha nangokwethembekile nge-imeyili, kwabeka isisekelo se- ubudala bedijithali osekuguqule indlela esabelana ngayo ngolwazi kanye nokuxhumana ezindaweni ezahlukene zokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Iphrothokholi ye-SMTP yavula indlela yokuvela kwezicelo nezinsizakalo ze-imeyili, manje esezibalulekile ezindaweni ezifana nebhizinisi, imfundo, kanye nokuxhumana komuntu siqu. Ukudalwa kwayo kwavula umnyango wenguquko endleleni esisebenzisana ngayo ngobuchwepheshe.
- Umsuka kanye nokuvela kwephrothokholi ye-SMTP
I-SMTP (I-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) inesibopho sokudlulisa ama-imeyili nge-inthanethi. Yasungulwa ngawo-80 ngunjiniyela kanye nomklami Vinton G. CerfCerf, othathwa njengomunye wobaba be-Intanethi. Kanye no-Bob Kahn, u-Cerf wayenesibopho sokudala iphrothokholi ye-TCP/IP, isethi yezimiso ezivumela ukuxhumana kumanethiwekhi wekhompyutha.
I-SMTP iye yavela eminyakeni edlule ukuze ivumelane nezidingo zokuxhumana ezikhulayo. Ekuqaleni, yayithembele esakhiweni somlayezo wombhalo ongabhaliwe, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwenziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokudluliswa kwe-imeyili. Olunye lwezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaba ukungezwa kokuqinisekisa kusetshenziswa amagama abasebenzisi namagama ayimfihlo.
Njengoba i-inthanethi ikhula futhi nevolumu yama-imeyili ikhula kakhulu, amasu aphinde asetshenziswa ukuze kuliwe nogaxekile futhi kuvinjwe ukusetshenziswa kabi kwephrothokholi ye-SMTP. Izinyathelo ezinjengokuhlunga ogaxekile, ukufakazela ubuqiniso komthumeli, kanye nemikhawulo enanini lama-imeyili angathunyelwa esuka kuseva phakathi nesikhathi esinikeziwe yethulwa.
- Ukubaluleka kwephrothokholi ye-SMTP kwezokuxhumana ngogesi
I-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) ibalulekile kwezokuxhumana ngogesi, evumela ukuthumela nokwamukela ama-imeyili. ngempumeleloNakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinqubo elula, i-SMTP idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imilayezo ye-imeyili ifika ngokuthembekile lapho iya khona.
Esinye sezici ezivelele I-SMTP Amandla ayo asemandleni ayo okubhekana nezinselele zokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlelo nezinkundla ezahlukene. Le nqubo yomthetho isungula isethi yemithetho eqinile namazinga okufanele alandelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okushelelayo nokuyimpumelelo. Kuhlanganisa uchungechunge lwemiyalo ethile evumela umthumeli nomamukeli ukuthi bashintshisane ngolwazi mayelana nokudluliswa komlayezo, umbhalo wekhodi, nefomethi.
Esinye isici esibalulekile yephrothokholi ye-SMTP Ikhono layo lokwenza ubuqiniso nokuhlola kokuphepha lisebenzisa izindlela zokuqinisekisa njenge-SPF (Uhlaka Lwenqubomgomo Yomthumeli) noma i-DKIM (I-DomainKeys Identified Mail) ivumela ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi umthumeli womlayezo usemthethweni hhayi umzamo wokweba ubunikazi noma ugaxekile. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi nokunye ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi.
- Izinyathelo zokuqala eziya ekwakhiweni kwephrothokholi ye-SMTP
Iphrothokholi ye-SMTP, eyaziwa ngokuthi I-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, iyindinganiso esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ama-imeyili kunethiwekhi yonkana. Yasungulwa ngawo-80 ngu Jon PostelOmunye wamavulandlela ekwakhiweni kwezivumelwano ze-inthanethi. Isidingo sendlela ephumelelayo nethembekile yokuthumela ama-imeyili siholele ekuthuthukisweni kwe-SMTP, obekubalulekile ekuxhumaneni nge-imeyili kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Jon Postel Uthathwa njengoyise wephrothokholi ye-SMTP ngenxa yeqhaza lakhe elibalulekile ekudalweni kwayo. U-Postel wayengunjiniyela wamakhompiyutha waseMelika owayesebenza ekuthuthukisweni kwezivumelwano ze-TCP/IP, eziyisisekelo sokuxhumana nge-inthanethi. Ngomsebenzi wakhe ku-Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), u-Postel wabambisana nabanye ochwepheshe ekudaleni nasekumisweni kwe-SMTP njengendlela yokuxhumana ephumelelayo nethembekile.
I-SMTP isiphenduke enye yemithetho esetshenziswa kakhulu yokuxhumana nge-imeyili. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthumela imiyalezo ye-imeyili phakathi kwamaseva e-imeyili. Isebenzisa isistimu yomzila evumela imilayezo ukuthi idluliswe isuka kwenye iseva iye kwenye, iqinisekise ukuthi ifinyelela lapho iya khona ekugcineni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SMTP iyiphrothokholi evulekile neyamukelwa kabanzi, ebambe iqhaza empumelelweni nasekudumeni kwayo. emhlabeni ye-inthanethi. Ukubaluleka kwayo kusekutheni ivumele izigidi zabantu ukuthi zixhumane ngendlela enokwethenjelwa nangempumelelo ngama-imeyili.
– Iqhaza elibalulekile likaRay Tomlinson ekuthuthukisweni kwephrothokholi ye-SMTP
Ray Tomlinson Uthathwa njengoyise wephrothokholi yokuxhumana ye-SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). Iqhaza lakhe elibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwalesi simiso somthetho libe libalulekile ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhuliseni ama-imeyili njengoba siwazi namuhla. U-Tomlinson, owayesebenzela u-Bolt, Beranek, no-Newman (BBN) ngeminyaka yawo-1970, wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokudala uhlelo lokuqala lwe-imeyili esebenzisa uphawu luka-"@". Lokhu okusha kwenze ukuxhumana ngogesi phakathi kwamanethiwekhi ahlukene, kwabeka isisekelo sokwakhiwa okulandelayo kwe-SMTP.
Iphrothokholi ye-SMTP inesibopho sokusungula imithetho nezinqubo zokudlulisa ama-imeyili kunethiwekhi yonkana. Empeleni, ulimi oluvamile oluvumela amaseva e-imeyili ukuthi axhumane futhi aqinisekise ukuthi imilayezo ifinyelela abamukeli bayo ngendlela efanele. Umnikelo ka-Tomlinson usekusunguleni nasekulinganiseni umthetho olandelwayo we-SMTP ngo-1982Lokhu kwashintsha indlela abantu ababexhumana ngayo nge-inthanethi. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe wokuphayona, i-imeyili yashesha, yathembeka, futhi yafinyeleleka ezigidini zabantu emhlabeni wonke.
Ngaphezu kweqhaza lakhe ekwakhiweni kwesivumelwano se-SMTP, U-Ray Tomlinson naye ube ngukhiye ekuqaliseni ukusetshenziswa kophawu "@" kumakheli e-imeyiliLo mbono olula nokho ohlakaniphile uvumele ukuhlukaniswa kwegama lomsebenzisi negama leseva kumakheli e-imeyili, kube lula ukuthunyelwa nokulethwa kwemilayezo phakathi kwezizinda ezihlukene. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kophawu elithi "@" emakhelini e-imeyili kuyifa eliqondile lombono ka-Tomlinson futhi kusalokhu kuyingqungquthela ekuxhumaneni ngogesi kuze kube namuhla. Ukuzinikela kwakhe kanye nobuchwepheshe bakhe kushiye uphawu oluhlala njalo emlandweni wezokuxhumana kwedijithali.
- Izici nokusebenza kwephrothokholi ye-SMTP
I-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthumela ama-imeyili ukusuka kwenye iseva kuya kwenye. Umklamo wayo usekelwe kumodeli yeseva yeklayenti, lapho umthumeli ethumela khona i-imeyili futhi umamukeli eyithola ngesethi yemiyalo. I-SMTP iyiphrothokholi ethembekile nesebenzayo, eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-imeyili okuyimpumelelo, ngisho nakunethiwekhi yekhwalithi ephansi.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zephrothokholi ye-SMTP yikhono layo lokusingatha kokubili ukuthumela nokwamukela imilayezo. Amaklayenti e-imeyili afana ne-Outlook ne-Gmail asebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo we-SMTP ukuze... thumela imiyalezo ngamaseva e-imeyili aphumayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaseva e-imeyili asebenzisa i-SMTP njengengxenye yokusebenza kwawo okungenayo ukuze athole imilayezo evela kwamanye amaseva e-imeyili.
Ngaphezu kokuthembeka kwayo, i-SMTP yaziwa nangokuba lula nokuvumelana nezimo. Le phrothokholi ivumela ukuqinisekiswa komthumeli, okusiza ukulwa nogaxekile futhi iqinisekise ukuthi imilayezo ivela emithonjeni ethembekile. Iphinde ivumele ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezicebile zedatha, njengezithombe nezinanyathiselwa, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthumela ama-imeyili anokuqukethwe okugcwele nokunothisiwe. Ngamafuphi, i-SMTP ibalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwesimanje nge-elekthronikhi, kube lula ukushintshisana kolwazi. ngokuphephile futhi isebenza kahle.
- Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-SMTP ezinhlelweni ze-imeyili
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-SMTP ezinhlelweni ze-imeyili
Iphrothokholi yokuxhumana ye-SMTP, noma i-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, ibe yinto ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo ze-imeyili kusukela zasungulwa. Nakuba i-SMTP yathuthukiswa ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, ukuhlobana kwayo nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kubekezelele. okwamanje Abanakuphikwa. Ukutholwa kwabo okusabalele kungenxa yenani elikhulu lezinzuzo abazihlinzekayo kubasebenzisi be-imeyili nabaphathi.
Okokuqala nje, I-SMTP iqinisekisa ukudluliswa komlayezo okusheshayo nangempumelelo ezinhlelweni ze-imeyili. Ngenxa yomklamo wayo osebenza kahle futhi ongasindi, i-SMTP ivumela ukulethwa ngokushesha kwemilayezo ye-imeyili phakathi kwamaseva e-imeyili. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okushelelayo nokushesha, okuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ukushesha kubalulekile, njengamabhizinisi noma ukuxhumana okuphuthumayo.
Enye inzuzo eyinhloko yokusebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-SMTP iyona ukusebenzisanaI-SMTP iyindinganiso eyamukelwa kabanzi embonini ye-imeyili, okusho ukuthi iningi lamaseva e-imeyili ayayisekela futhi ingashintshisana ngemiyalezo. Lokhu kusebenzisana kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukuxhumana ngaphandle komthungo, kungakhathaliseki inkundla noma umhlinzeki we-imeyili abawusebenzisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqiniso lokuthi i-SMTP iyiphrothokholi evulekile ikhuthaza ukuncintisana kanye nokuqamba izinto ezintsha emakethe yezinsizakalo ze-imeyili.
Kafushane, izinzuzo zokusebenzisa iphrothokholi yokuxhumana ye-SMTP ezinhlelweni ze-imeyili ziningi futhi zibalulekile. Kusukela ekuqinisekiseni ukudluliswa komlayezo osheshayo nophumelelayo kuya ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkundla nabahlinzeki, i-SMTP ibonakale iyisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-imeyili. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, iphrothokholi ye-SMTP kungenzeka ihlale iyindinganiso ethembekile ekuxhumaneni ngogesi. I-SMTP iyisisekelo esiqinile esivumela izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke ukuthi zithumele futhi zamukele ama-imeyili ngempumelelo futhi ethembekile.
- Izincomo zokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi ye-SMTP namuhla
Izincomo zokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi ye-SMTP namuhla
I-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) iphrothokholi yokuxhumana isetshenziswe kabanzi kusukela yasungulwa ngawo-1980. Njengoba ukuxhumana kwama-imeyili kuqhubeka nokuvela, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwale phrothokholi futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kahle. Nazi izincomo ezibalulekile zokufeza lokhu:
1. Sebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe: Njengoba inani lokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi nge-imeyili liqhubeka nokukhuphuka, ukuvikela amaseva e-SMTP kubalulekile. Ukusebenzisa izixazululo zokuphepha ezifana nezitifiketi ze-SSL/TLS ukuze ubethele ukuxhumana nokuqinisekiswa kwe-SMTP ukuze kuvinjelwe ama-imeyili angagunyaziwe kuyanconywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina i- izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo zokuvimbela izikhala zokuphepha kanye nokuba sengozini okwaziwayo.
2. Gada futhi ulawule ukuthunyelwa kwenqwaba yama-imeyili: Ukuthumela ama-imeyili ayinqwaba kungabangela izinkinga zokusebenza kumaseva e-SMTP futhi, kwezinye izimo, kuholele ekutheni ikheli lakho le-IP limakwe njengogaxekile. Ukuze ugweme lezi zinkinga, kuyatuseka ukuthi usebenzise izinsiza ezikhethekile ze-imeyili yenqwaba ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise uhlu lwakho lwabamukeli futhi ulawule ukuhamba kwama-imeyili athunyelwayo. Lokhu ngeke nje kuthuthukise ukusebenza kweseva kodwa futhi kuzothuthukisa amazinga okulethwa futhi kunciphise amathuba okuthi ama-imeyili akho amakwe njengogaxekile.
3. Cabangela ukusebenzisa i-SMTP Relay: Ezindaweni zebhizinisi lapho kuthunyelwa ivolumu enkulu yama-imeyili, ukusebenzisa isevisi ye-SMTP Relay kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle nokulinganisa. I-SMTP Relay iyiseva ethola ama-imeyili aphumayo evela kuseva eyinhloko futhi iwadlulisela kubamukeli bokugcina. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo kuseva eyinhloko futhi kuvumela ukulawula okungcono kwezinqubomgomo zokuthumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixazululo eziningi ze-SMTP Relay zinikeza izici ezifana nokuthumela amashejuli nokuqapha okuningiliziwe kwama-imeyili athunyelwe ukuze aphathwe ngempumelelo kakhudlwana.
Ngokufigqiwe, Ngokulandela lezi zincomo, ungakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenzisa kwakho iphrothokholi ye-SMTP futhi uqinisekise ukuxhumana kwe-imeyili okungenazihibe. Ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe, ukulawula ukuthunyelwa kwenqwaba yama-imeyili, nokucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwesevisi ye-SMTP Relay kuzoqinisa ukusebenza kahle nokuvikeleka kweseva yakho ye-SMTP. Hlala ukhumbula ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngezinqubo ezihamba phambili nezibuyekezo zephrothokholi ukuze uvumelane nezidingo ezihlala zishintsha zokuxhumana nge-imeyili.
- Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yephrothokholi ye-SMTP
Ubani umsunguli wephrothokholi yokuxhumana ye-SMTP?
I-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuthumela nokwamukela ama-imeyili kusukela yasungulwa. Nakuba i-SMTP yamukelwe kabanzi, umbuzo womsunguli wayo ube yinkulumompikiswano phakathi komphakathi wezokuxhumana.
Ngenkathi kunezinguqulo ezimbalwa mayelana nokuthi ubani owasungula i-SMTP, Umuntu owaziwa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwephrothokholi yokuxhumana nguJon PostelNgo-1982, i-Postel yashicilela imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yephrothokholi ye-SMTP ku-RFC 821, isungula isisekelo sokudluliswa okuthembekile nokusebenzayo kwemiyalezo ye-imeyili. ku-inthanethiUkugxila kwayo ekululameni nasekulinganiseni kokuxhumana kube negalelo elikhulu empumelelweni yesivumelwano eminyakeni ezayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuzayo kwephrothokholi ye-SMTP
Naphezu kokuphila isikhathi eside nempumelelo, i-SMTP iye yavela phakathi neminyaka ukuze ivumelane nezidingo ezishintshayo zokuxhumana ngogesi. Okwamanje, onjiniyela basebenzela ekuthuthukisweni okuhlukahlukene ukuze baqinisekise ukuvikeleka okukhulu nokusebenza kahle ekudlulisweni kwe-imeyili.
Enye yezindawo eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa igxile ekuqiniseni ukuqinisekiswa komthumeli kanye nokuvikela ngokumelene nogaxekile. Amaqhinga afana ne-Sender Policy Framework (SPF), i-DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM), kanye Nokuqinisekisa Umlayezo Osuselwe Esizinda, Ukubika, Nokuhambisana (i-DMARC) ayasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imilayezo ethunyelwa nge-SMTP isemthethweni futhi ayiphangwa.
Enye indawo ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa izungeza ukubethela ngasemaphethelweni. Iphrothokholi yamanje ye-SMTP ayinikezi ukuvikeleka okuphelele kwedatha ethunyelwa ngama-imeyili. Ngakho-ke, izixazululo ezihlukene, ezinjengokusetshenziswa kwe-Transport Layer Security (TLS) kanye Nobumfihlo Be-Pretty Good (PGP), ziyahlolwa futhi zamukelwe ukuze kuvikelwe okuqukethwe komlayezo kanye nemininingwane yomsebenzisi.
- Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nomsunguli wephrothokholi ye-SMTP
I-SMTP (Iphrothokholi Yokudlulisa Imeyili Elula) Kuyiphrothokholi yokuxhumana esetshenziselwa ukuthumela i-imeyili ngenethiwekhi. Yasungulwa umthuthukisi we-software ogama lakhe lingu-Ray Tomlinson ngo-1982. U-Tomlinson waziwa kabanzi ngokuthi umsunguli wephrothokholi ye-SMTPWayengomunye wamaphayona emkhakheni wezokuxhumana ngogesi. Umnikelo wakhe wokuguqula unike amandla indlela ephumelelayo nethembekile yokudlulisa imilayezo ye-imeyili kumasistimu namaseva ahlukene.
El inhloso eyinhloko ye-SMTP Isetshenziselwa ukuthumela nokwamukela ama-imeyili, futhi isebenza ngokuhlanganyela namanye amaphrothokholi ukuze kufezwe lokhu kusebenza. Kuyiphrothokholi. elula futhi eqinileI-SMTP yakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo yokudlulisa imilayezo, njengokuqinisekisa iseva, ukuqinisekiswa kwekheli le-imeyili, umzila, nokulethwa komlayezo. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, i-SMTP iye yavela, futhi izandiso nezithuthukisi ezimbalwa ziye zathuthukiswa ezithuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwayo.
I-SMTP ibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhuliseni ama-imeyili. Ngenxa yokusungulwa kwayo, ukuthumela imiyalezo nge-elekthronikhi sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yezokuxhumana zanamuhla. Iphrothokholi I-SMTP isetshenziswa kabanzi I-imeyili isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ngamaseva namaklayenti, iqinisekisa ukuthi imilayezo ilethwa ngokushesha nangokuthembekile. Nakuba amaphrothokholi amasha nobuchwepheshe selokhu kwavela, i-SMTP isalokhu ibalulekile kungqalasizinda ye-imeyili yanamuhla.
- Iphrothokholi ye-SMTP namuhla: ukubaluleka kwayo kanye nefa layo
Iphrothokholi ye-SMTP, emfushane ye-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, ingenye yezinsika eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana nge-imeyili. Yethulwa ngu I-RFC 821 Yasungulwa ngo-1982 futhi ibilokhu isetshenziswa kabanzi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaphandle komlando wayo omude, i-SMTP isasebenza kakhulu namuhla, njengoba iyindinganiso yokuthumela nokwamukela ama-imeyili emhlabeni wonke.
Ukubaluleka kwe-SMTP kusekhonweni layo lokuhlinzeka a indlela ephephile futhi inokwethenjelwa ekuthumeleni imilayezo ye-imeyili phakathi kwamaseva ahlukene. Iphrothokholi isebenzisa isethi yemithetho evumela amaseva ukuthi ashintshisane ngemilayezo indlela ephumelelayoukuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwazo ngokudala uxhumano persistente phakathi kwamaseva ahilelekile. Nakuba i-SMTP iye yathuthukiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ifa layo lihlala libalulekile ngenxa yokuhambisana kwayo nezandiso ezihlukahlukene, njenge STARTTLS ukubethela ukuxhumana kanye DKIM ukuze uqinisekise ubuqiniso bama-imeyili.
Ngisho nokufika kobuchwepheshe besimanje obengeziwe, obufana nezinsiza zemiyalezo esheshayo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusebenzisana ngesikhathi sangempelaI-imeyili ihlala iyingxenye ebalulekile yebhizinisi nokuxhumana komuntu siqu. I-SMTP ijwayelane nezinselele ezintsha futhi yafakazela amandla ayo okuhlangabezana nezidingo zomhlaba oxhumeka ngokwandayo. Ukwakhiwa kwayo okujwayelekile kanye nokwesekwa okuqhubekayo okuvela emphakathini wonjiniyela kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwayo kwesikhathi esizayo njengoba izidingo zokuxhumana zomhlaba wonke zishintsha.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.