I-Cellular Immune Response ngokumelene nesikhunta

Ukusabela kwamangqamuzana omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta kuyinqubo ebalulekile emzimbeni ehlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuphumelelayo ezifweni zefungal. Njengoba isikhunta siya ngokuya singazweli, ukuqonda izinqubo zamaselula ezihilelekile kule mpendulo kuba yisisekelo ekuthuthukiseni amasu okwelapha asebenzayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici ezibalulekile zokusabela kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta, sigqamisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli ezihilelekile kanye imisebenzi yayo ethize. Ngombono wezobuchwepheshe kanye nethoni engathathi hlangothi, ake singene ezweni elithakazelisayo lokungavikeleki kwamaselula kanye nokulwa kwawo nesikhunta.

I-Cellular Immune Response ngokumelene nesikhunta

Ukusabela kwamangqamuzana omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cell-mediated immune response, ibalulekile ekuvikeleni imizimba yethu ezifweni zefungal. Amangqamuzana amasosha omzimba adlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni nasekubhubhiseni isikhunta. kwesikhunta abahlaseli, okusiza ukugcina i-homeostasis nokuvimbela ukusakazeka kokutheleleka.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli abandakanyekayo ekuphenduleni kokuzivikela komzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta, ngalinye linemisebenzi ethile:

• Ama-Macrophages: Lawa maseli e-phagocytic adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphenduleni komzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthola, i-phagocytizing, kanye nokucekela phansi ama-microorganisms ahlaselayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhulula ama-cytokines nabanye abalamuleli abaqoqa futhi basebenze ezinye izingxenye zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni.
• T lymphocytes: I-T lymphocyte ibalulekile ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta. I-CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte ihlasela ngokuqondile amangqamuzana angenwe isikhunta, kuyilapho ama-CD4+ asiza ama-T lymphocyte asiza ukuhlanganisa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba futhi akhuthaze ukusebenza kwamanye amangqamuzana.
• Amaseli e-dendritic: Lawa maseli akhethekile adlala indima ebalulekile ekubambeni nasekucubunguleni ama-antigen esikhunta. Uma isicushiwe, amaseli e-dendritic athuthela kuma-lymph nodes, lapho ethula khona ama-antigens kuma-T lymphocyte, ngaleyo ndlela aqalise impendulo ethile yokuzivikela ngokumelene nesikhunta.

Kafushane, impendulo yokuzivikela kumaselula ngokumelene nesikhunta iyingxenye ebalulekile yamasosha ethu omzimba ekulweni nezifo zefungal. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwalawa maseli kanye nokukhululwa kwabaxhumanisi abancibilikayo kuvumela impendulo ehlelekile futhi ephumelelayo, ukukhuthaza ukuqedwa kwesikhunta kanye nokubuyiselwa kokulinganisela komzimba emzimbeni wethu.

Isingeniso esimisweni sokuzivikela kumaselula

Amasosha omzimba ayingxenye eyisisekelo yamasosha omzimba anesibopho sokuvikela umzimba kuma-pathogens namaseli omdlavuza ngendlela ekhethekile. Lokhu kusabela komzimba kusekelwe emsebenzini wezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli asebenza ndawonye ukuze abone, ahlasele, futhi aqede izinsongo.

Amaseli ayisihluthulelo esimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni seselula ahlanganisa i-T lymphocyte kanye nama-lymphocyte abulalayo wemvelo (NK). Lawa ma-lymphocyte anesibopho sokuzivikela okuqondile kwamaselula ngokukhishwa kwezinto zamakhemikhali, njengama-cytokines nama-perforins, alimaza ngokuqondile noma acekele phansi amaseli ahlaselayo noma angajwayelekile. Baphinde babambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni ama-antibody kanye nokwenza kusebenze amanye amaseli amasosha omzimba.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba kubalulekile ekuphenduleni okuphumelelayo. Lokhu kuxhumana kwenzeka ngokusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwama-molecule ahlukene abonisa izimpawu, njengama-T cell receptors nama-dendritic cell ligand. Lokhu kusebenzisana kuvumela ukuqashelwa okuqondile kwama-antigens, okungama-molecule akhona kuma-pathogens noma amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kanye nokwenza kusebenze okudidiyelwe kokuphendula komzimba kwamaselula.

Izindlela zokuvikela amaselula ngokumelene nesikhunta

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Isikhunta yizinto eziphila ku-pathogenic ezingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamaseli. Kodwa-ke, amaseli anezinto zokuzivikela eziwavumela ukuthi alwe futhi azivikele ekuhlaselweni yifungal. Lezi zindlela zibalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho beselula kanye nokuphila komzimba lapho ubhekene nosongo lokutheleleka kwefungal.

Ezinye zezindlela zokuvikela amaselula ngokumelene nesikhunta zihlanganisa:

• Udonga lweselula: Amaseli anodonga lweseli olusebenza njengesithiyo esibonakalayo ekungeneni kwesikhunta. Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwe ngokuyinhloko nge-chitin, i-polysaccharide enikeza amandla nokuqina udonga lwamaseli, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela ukungena kwesikhunta.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-metabolites yesibili: Amaseli angahlanganisa ama-metabolites esibili anezakhiwo ze-antifungal, ezisebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta. Lawa ma-metabolites akhiqizwa ngokuphendula ukuba khona kwesikhunta futhi anamandla okunciphisa isenzo sawo se-pathogenic.
• Ukuqashelwa kwamasosha omzimba kanye nesistimu yokusabela: Amaseli angabona ubukhona besikhunta ngama-membrane receptors akhethekile futhi enze impendulo ethile yokuzivikela komzimba isebenze. Le mpendulo ihlanganisa ukukhululwa kwama-molecule abonisa izimpawu kanye nokuqashwa kwamangqamuzana amasosha omzimba ukuze kuqedwe isikhunta esihlaselayo.

Lezi zindlela zokuzivikela zamangqamuzana zivumela amangqamuzana ukuthi abhekane futhi amelane nokuhlasela kwesikhunta, ngaleyo ndlela avimbele ukusabalala kwezifo nokulimala kwezicubu. Ukuqonda lezi zindlela kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamasu okwelapha kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo zefungal.

Ukubaluleka kwamaseli e-phagocytic ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba

Esimisweni sokuzivikela ezifweni eziyinkimbinkimbi umzimba womuntuAmaseli e-Phagocytic adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba. Lawa mangqamuzana akhethekile ayakwazi ukubona, ukubamba, futhi abhubhise amagciwane, ngaleyo ndlela agcine ukulinganisela futhi avikele umzimba ezifweni nasezifweni. Manje sizohlola ukuhlobana kwamaseli e-phagocytic ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba.

Amaseli e-Phagocytic atholakala ezicutshini nasezithweni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, njengegazi, amaphaphu, nama-lymph nodes. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko i-phagocytosis, inqubo lapho zimunca futhi zicekele phansi izinhlayiya zakwamanye amazwe, njengamagciwane, amagciwane, namaseli afile. Ngaphezu kwalo msebenzi obalulekile, amaseli e-phagocytic nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekwethulweni kwe-antigen, asebenze amanye amaseli amasosha omzimba ukuze akhiqize impendulo efanele.

Uhlelo lwe-phagocytic lubalulekile ekugcinweni nasekulawuleni amasosha omzimba. Lapho i-pathogen ihlasela umzimba, amangqamuzana e-phagocytic angawokuqala ukuphendula, aqoqana ngokushesha endaweni enegciwane ukuze aqede usongo. Lawa maseli nawo anekhono lokukhulula ama-cytokines, amaprotheni amancane alawula impendulo yokuvuvukala futhi ahehe amanye amangqamuzana amasosha omzimba endaweni yokutheleleka. Ngamafuphi, amangqamuzana e-phagocytic adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba, avikela umzimba ekuhlaselweni okuyingozi nokugcina indawo enempilo yangaphakathi.

Indima ye-T lymphocyte ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta

Ama-lymphocyte e-T adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphenduleni kokuzivikela komzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta, okunikela ekuvikeleni umzimba ngokumelene nalezi zifo zesikhunta. Lawa mangqamuzana amasosha omzimba anomthwalo wemfanelo wokubona nokuqeda amagciwane ahlaselayo, ngaleyo ndlela akhuthaze ukuvikelwa kosokhaya.

Kunama-subpopulations ahlukene we-T lymphocyte abamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekuphenduleni kokuzivikela komzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta:

• Ama-lymphocyte e-CD4+ T asebenza njengabaxhumanisi bempendulo yokuzivikela komzimba, esiza ekwenzeni amanye amangqamuzana amasosha omzimba asebenze futhi akhiphe ama-cytokines akhuthaza ukuqedwa kwesikhunta.
• Ama-CD8+ T lymphocyte, wona, adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqothulweni okuqondile kwamangqamuzana atheleleke ngesikhunta, ngokukhiqizwa kwamamolekyuli e-cytotoxic abangela ukuvuvukala. ukufa kweseli.
• Ama-lymphocyte e-T alawulayo (Tregs) alawula impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba ukuze avimbele ukusabela okweqile noma ukuzivikela komzimba, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukusabela okunokulinganisela ekuthelelekeni kwefungal.

Ngaphezu kwendima yawo eqondile ekuqedeni isikhunta, ama-T lymphocyte aphinde akhuthaze ukwakheka kokusabela komzimba okuguquguqukayo, kusebenze ama-lymphocyte e-B ukuze akhiqize amasosha omzimba athile ngokumelene nezifo zesikhunta. Lawa ma-antibody angakwazi ukwenza isikhunta singabi namandla noma amake ukuthi abhujiswe ngamanye amaseli amasosha omzimba.

Umnikelo wama-cytokines ekuphenduleni kokuzivikela komzimba kwamaselula

Ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba, ama-cytokines adlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaniseni ukuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana ahlukene amasosha omzimba. Lawa maprotheni amancane akhiqizwe amaseli akhethekile angasebenza njengezithunywa, asebenze futhi alawule impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba ukulwa nezifo kanye nezifo.

Ama-Cytokines ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ahlukene asebenzayo, ngalinye linendima ethile ekuphenduleni komzimba. Amanye ama-cytokines, njenge-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), anesibopho sokuvuvukala, okwenza kube lula ukubuthwa kwamaseli omzimba endaweni yokutheleleka. Ezinye, njenge-interferon gamma (IFN-γ), zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenziseni amangqamuzana abulalayo emvelo namaseli e-cytotoxic T ukuze abhubhise amangqamuzana angenwe yileli gciwane.

Ngaphezu kwendima yawo ekuqedeni amagciwane, ama-cytokines nawo abalulekile ekulawuleni ukusabela komzimba. Amanye ama-cytokines, afana ne-interleukin 10 (IL-10), anomphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala ukuze anciphise impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba futhi avimbele ukulimala kwezicubu ezidlulele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-cytokines afana ne-interleukin 12 (IL-12) ayisihluthulelo ekukhuthazeni ukusabela komzimba okuguquguqukayo, okugqugquzela ukuhlukaniswa nokusebenza kwamaseli e-T namaseli abulalayo emvelo.

Izinkumbulo ze-Immunological kumpendulo yeselula ngokumelene nesikhunta

Emkhakheni othakazelisayo we-immunology, amandla amasosha omzimba okukhumbula futhi alwe nama-antigen ahlangabezane nawo ngaphambilini ayisisekelo ekuphenduleni kwamaselula okuphumelelayo ngokumelene nesikhunta. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zikhona endaweni yethu futhi zingadala izifo ezingosomathuba kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Ngenhlanhla, amasosha ethu omzimba athuthukise amasu okuqaphela kanye nenkumbulo avumela ukuzivikela okuphumelelayo kulezi zinsongo zesikhunta.

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Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko ezinomthelela ekuphenduleni kwamaselula ngokumelene nesikhunta ukusebenza kwamaseli e-T. Lawa maseli, ngenxa yokwehlukahlukana kwawo kwama-antigen receptors, angakwazi ukubona ama-peptide athile esikhunta ethulwa amaseli aveza ama-antigen. Uma esecushiwe, ama-T cell aqala uchungechunge lwezenzakalo eziholela ekuqedweni kwesikhunta esihlaselayo. Kodwa okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukuthi lawa maseli e-T angakwazi ukukhiqiza impendulo yokuzivikela enkumbulo, ekhumbula ukuhlangana kwawo ne-antigen yesikhunta futhi anikeze impendulo esheshayo nenamandla ngokwengeziwe ekuhlanganeni okuzayo.

Ngaphezu kwamaseli e-T, amanye amaseli omzimba abalulekile, njengama-macrophage namaseli e-dendritic, nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphenduleni kwamaselula ngokumelene nesikhunta. Lawa maseli abamba iqhaza ku-phagocytosis yesikhunta, abe nesandla ekuqedweni kwawo futhi ethule ama-antigen kuma-T cell. Lokhu kusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlobo zamaseli ahlukene kuqinisa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba futhi kukhuthaze ukuzivikela okuhlangene. Ngokukhiqizwa kwamaseli enkumbulo kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwamaseli ahlukene amasosha omzimba, umzimba wethu Ingagcina ukusabela okuqinile kokuzivikela komzimba futhi ikhumbule ukuhlangana kwangaphambilini nesikhunta ukuze kuvikeleke isikhathi eside.

Izinto ezingathinta ukuphendula kwamangqamuzana omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta

Izici zokusabela kwamaseli omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta

Ukusabela kwamangqamuzana amasosha omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta kungathinteka izinto eziningi ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kokuzivikela komzimba. Lezi zici zihlanganisa:

• Isimo sezempilo: Isimo sezempilo esijwayelekile womuntu Kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuphenduleni komzimba wakho weselula. Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthaka, njengalabo abanezifo ezingelapheki noma abathola ukwelashwa kwe-immunosuppressive, basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngefungal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezinjengobudala, izakhi zofuzo, nokudla kungase kube nomthelela ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba.
• Uhlobo lwesikhunta: Ukusabela kwamangqamuzana omzimba kungahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwesikhunta okuvezwa kulo umzimba. Ezinye isikhunta zinezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokubalekela amasosha omzimba kunezinye, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi amasosha omzimba aphendule. Amaphethini okuveza ama-antigens esikhunta angase futhi adlale indima ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba kanye nasemandleni amasosha omzimba okubona nokuqeda isikhunta.
• Imvelo encane yendawo: I-microenvironment yendawo lapho ukutheleleka kwefungal kwenzeka khona kungaba nomthelela ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba. Izicubu nezitho ezihlukene zinezimo nezici ezihlukile ezingakhuthaza noma zivimbele ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhunta esithile singaphila futhi siphindaphindeke endaweni ene-asidi noma engenawo umoya-mpilo omncane, okungenza kube nzima ngamangqamuzana amasosha omzimba ukuwaqeda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwezinye izifo ngesikhathi esisodwa, njengokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, kungathinta nokusabela kwamangqamuzana omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta.

Kafushane, impendulo yokuzivikela yeselula ngokumelene nesikhunta ingaba ngaphansi kwezici eziningi ezihlobene ezithonya ukusebenza kwayo. Isimo sezempilo, uhlobo lwesikhunta, kanye nemvelo encane yendawo ngezinye zezinto ezingaba nomthelela ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba futhi, ekugcineni, zinqume amandla omzimba okulwa nezifo zefungal. Ukuqonda nokubhekana nalezi zici kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukuklanywa kwamasu okwelapha nokuvimbela izifo ezikhunta.

Izinselele namasu okuqinisa ukuphendula kwamangqamuzana omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta

Ukusabela kwamangqamuzana omzimba kuyisisekelo ekulweni nokuhlasela kwesikhunta se-pathogenic emzimbeni. Nokho, sibhekana nezinselele ezimbalwa le nqubo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa kwamasu asebenzayo. Esinye sezithiyo eziyinhloko yikhono lalezi sikhunta ukugwema impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuphuma.

Ukuqinisa ukuphendula kwamangqamuzana omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta, amasu amaningana kufanele acatshangelwe. Enye yalokhu ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokugoma eklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukugqugquzela ukusabela kwama-T lymphocyte, anesibopho sokuqeda amangqamuzana angenwe isikhunta. Le mithi yokugoma ingase ihlanganise ama-antigen athile esikhunta kanye nama-adjuvants athuthukisa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba.

Elinye isu elithembisayo ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe ekushintshanisweni kwamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlonza nokusebenzisa ama-molecule alawula amasosha omzimba akhuthaza ukusabela okuphumelelayo ngokumelene nesikhunta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutadisha ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamangqamuzana amasosha omzimba kanye nesikhunta kungase kwembule okuhlosiwe okusha kwezokwelapha kanye nama-inhibitors athile angaba khona.

Imibuzo Nezimpendulo

Q: Ithini impendulo yokuzivikela kumaselula ngokumelene nesikhunta?
IMPENDULO: Ukusabela kwamangqamuzana amasosha omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta kuyisethi yezindlela zokuzivikela ezisetshenziswa amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe nokuhlasela nokwanda kwesikhunta se-pathogenic.

Q: Yiziphi izinhlobo zamangqamuzana eziyinhloko ezibandakanyeka ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta?
A: Izinhlobo zamaseli eziyinhloko ezithintekayo ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta ama-T lymphocyte, ahlukaniswe ngamaseli e-CD4+ T kanye namaseli e-CD8+ T. Ama-Macrophage namaseli e-dendritic, phakathi kwabanye, nawo abambe iqhaza.

Q: Amaseli amasosha omzimba ayibona kanjani isikhunta se-pathogenic?
A: Amaseli amasosha omzimba angakwazi ukubona isikhunta se-pathogenic ngama-receptors athile endaweni yawo, njengama-Toll-like receptors (TLRs) nama-lectin-like receptors (CLRs). Lawa ma-receptors angabona izingxenye zamangqamuzana ahlobene nesikhunta ezaziwa ngokuthi amaphethini emolekyuli ahlobene ne-pathogen (PAMPs).

Q: Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yamaseli e-T ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta?
A: Amaseli e-CD4+ T adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphenduleni kokuzivikela komzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta, njengoba ekwazi ukukhiqiza ama-cytokines akhuthaza ukusebenza kwamanye amangqamuzana amasosha omzimba, njengama-macrophages. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-CD8+ T cells, anesibopho sokuqeda amaseli angenwe isikhunta.

Q: Iyiphi indima edlalwa ama-macrophages ekuphenduleni kokuzivikela komzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta?
A: Ama-Macrophage adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta, njengoba ekwazi ukwenza i-phagocytizing futhi aqede isikhunta esihlaselayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asebenza njengamaseli e-antigen-presenting, avuselela impendulo ye-T-cell futhi akhuthaze impendulo ephumelelayo yokuzivikela komzimba.

Q: Iqukethe ini impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta?
A: Ukusabela okuguquguqukayo kokuzivikela komzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta kubhekisela ekusebenzeni nasekunwebeni kwamaseli athile amasosha omzimba, njengamaseli e-T nama-lymphocyte e-B, akhiqiza ukusabela okukhethekile kokuzivikela komzimba ukulwa nezifo ezithile zefungal. Le mpendulo ibandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba ngama-lymphocyte e-B kanye nokusebenza kwamaseli athile e-T ukuze alwe ngqo nesikhunta.

Q: Ingabe kukhona umehluko ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene nezinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta?
IMPENDULO: Yebo, kunomehluko ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba kumaseli ezinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesikhunta lungase lube nezici ezihlukile ezinquma ukuthi amasosha omzimba asabela kanjani ekuhlaselweni kwawo. Ngakho-ke, impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba ingahluka ngobukhulu kanye nobude besikhathi kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwesikhunta esihilelekile.

Q: Iyini imiphumela yomtholampilo yokushoda kokuzivikela komzimba kumaseli ngokumelene nesikhunta?
IMPENDULO: Ukuntuleka kwempendulo yokuzivikela kumaselula ngokumelene nesikhunta kungaholela engcupheni eyengeziwe yokutheleleka kwesikhunta noma ukusabela okwanele kokuzivikela komzimba kubo. Lokhu kungabangela ukwanda kwezifo ezithathelwanayo noma izimpendulo zokuvuvukala ezingalawuleki, ezingabangela ukulimala kwezicubu kanye nezinkinga ezinzima zomtholampilo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda nokuqinisa ukuphendula kwamangqamuzana omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni noma ekwelapheni izifo ezikhunta.

Ekuphetheni

Ekuphetheni, impendulo yokuzivikela yeselula ngokumelene nesikhunta iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ehlelekile ehilela ukubamba iqhaza kwamangqamuzana nama-molecule ahlukene. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-phagocytosis, isethulo se-antigen, nokusebenza kwe-T-cell, amasosha omzimba adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni umzimba ezifweni zefungal.

Ukuhlonza nokuqonda izinqubo ezihilelekile ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene nesikhunta kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwamasu okwelapha kanye nemithi yokugoma, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinezivikeli mzimba ezisengozini. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ziningi izinselelo ezisele, njengokuntuleka kokwelashwa okusebenzayo kwezinye izifo ezingathi sína zesikhunta kanye nesidingo socwaningo olwengeziwe lwe-fungal immunology.

Kafushane, ukucwaninga kokusabela kokuzivikela komzimba kumaselula ngokumelene nesikhunta kuyinkambu eguquguqukayo futhi ehlala ishintsha enemithelela ebalulekile yomtholampilo. Njengoba ukuqonda kwethu izinqubo zokuzivikela ezifweni kuhilela intuthuko, kuvula indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha nezindlela zokuvimbela, ngomgomo omkhulu wokuthuthukisa impilo kanye nezinga lempilo yeziguli ezihlaselwe izifo zokukhunta.