Susa Amafayela Ngaphandle Kokulandelela: Amasu Okususa Ngokuphephile

Ezweni lanamuhla ledijithali, ukuphepha kwamafayela kanye nobumfihlo bolwazi sekuyizindaba ezibalulekile. Njengoba sigcina idatha ebucayi kakhulu kumadivayisi ethu, kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi singasusa amafayela ngokuphepha futhi ngaphandle kokushiya noma yikuphi ukulandelelwa. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola amasu ahlukahlukene okusula avikelekile, azosivumela ukuthi sisuse unomphela amafayela futhi siqinisekise ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha yethu. Kusukela ekufometheni ngokuphephile amadrayivu kuya ekusebenziseni amathuluzi akhethekile, sizothola ukuthi singavimbela kanjani noma yikuphi ukutholwa kwedatha futhi siqinisekise ukususwa okuphelele. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuvikelwa kwe amafayela akho futhi ufuna ukugcina ubuqotho bedatha yakho, qhubeka ufunda ukuze uhlole umhlaba othakazelisayo wamasu okusula avikelekile.

Isingeniso Sokusulwa Okuvikelekile Kwamafayela Edijithali

Ukususwa okuphephile kwe amafayela edijithali Kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokuvikela ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka kolwazi. Ukuthi uyasusa yini amafayela omuntu siqu noma idatha ebucayi yenhlangano yakho, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amasu asebenzayo aqinisekisa ukuthi amafayela asuswa ngaphandle komkhondo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ezinye zezindlela ezihamba phambili namathuluzi atholakalayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukususwa okuphephile kwamafayela edijithali.

Indlela evame ukusetshenziswa ukususa amafayela ngokuphephile Isusa amafayela amaningi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubhala phezu kwefayela ngokuphindaphindiwe ngedatha engahleliwe ngaphambi kokuyisusa. Lapho ifayela libhalwa ngaphezulu izikhathi eziningi, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukulithola. Kunamathuluzi amaningana nesofthiwe etholakalayo evumela ukudlula kokusula okuningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amafayela asuswa ngendlela engenakutholakala.

Enye indlela edumile ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okusula amafayela avikelekile. Lawa mathuluzi asebenzisa ama-algorithms athuthukile ukuze abhale phezu idatha esefayelini ngolwazi olungahleliwe, okwenza kucishe kungenzeki ukuluthola. Amanye amathuluzi anikeza nenketho yokukhetha inombolo yokudlula kokusula kanye nohlobo lwe-algorithm esetshenzisiwe, okukuvumela ukuthi wenze ngendlela oyifisayo ileveli yokuphepha ngokwezidingo zakho. Kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo lwakho futhi ukhethe ithuluzi elithembekile neliqashelwa kabanzi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amafayela ayasuswa ngokuphephile.

Sengiphetha, ukususwa okuphephile kwamafayela edijithali kubalulekile ukuze uvikele ubumfihlo bakho nokuvikeleka. Usebenzisa amasu afana nokususa amafayela amaningi kanye namathuluzi okusula avikelekile, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi amafayela asuswa ngaphandle kokulandelelwa. Hlala ukhumbula ukwenza ucwaningo lwakho futhi⁤ usebenzise amathuluzi athembekile ukuze uqinisekise izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha lapho ususa amafayela edijithali.

Ukubaluleka kokususa amafayela⁢ ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo

Ukususa amafayela ngaphandle kokushiya umkhondo kuwumkhuba obalulekile wokuvikela ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka kwedatha yethu. Uma ifayela lisuswa ngendlela evamile, livele lisuswe ukuxhunyaniswa nesistimu yefayela futhi libhekwa njengelitholakalayo ukuze libhalwe ngaphezulu. Nokho, ngamasu afanele, kungenzeka ukubuyisela lawa mafayela asusiwe futhi ufinyelele ulwazi olubucayi njengemininingwane yasebhange, amaphasiwedi noma ulwazi lomuntu siqu. Kungakho kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amasu okusula avikelekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amafayela asuswa unomphela futhi angabuyiseki.

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo⁢ zokususa amafayela ngaphandle kokushiya umkhondo. Ngezansi ezinye ezisetshenziswa kakhulu:

• Sobrescritura múltiple: Iqukethe ukubhala kabusha idatha kusuka kufayela izikhathi ezimbalwa ngolwazi olungahleliwe ngaphambi kokulususa unomphela. Lapho kubhalwa ngaphezulu izikhathi eziningi,⁣ ayancipha amathuba⁤ okubuyisela idatha yoqobo.
• Ukusula okuvikelekile kwama-hard drive: Lawa mathuluzi akhethekile anesibopho sokususa ngokuphelele ulwazi olugcinwe ku- i-hard drive, iqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amafayela angatholwa. Basebenzisa ama-algorithms athuthukisiwe abhala phezu kwalo lonke ulwazi olukhona kudiski, okuhlanganisa nezindawo ngokuvamile ezingafinyeleleki.
• Ukubethela nokusula: Ngaphambi kokususa ifayela, lingabethelwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezivikelekile, njenge-AES. Ngale ndlela, ngisho noma othile ekwazile ukubuyisela ifayela, ngeke akwazi ukufinyelela elikuqukethe, ngoba lingasuswa kuphela ukubethela ngokhiye ofanele.

Akugcini nje kuphela ekuvikelweni kwedatha yomuntu siqu, kodwa futhi nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo nemithetho, efana ne-General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Uma ukhathazekile ngokuvikeleka nobumfihlo bolwazi lwakho, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa amasu okusula avikelekile nathembekile ukuze ugweme noma iyiphi ingcuphe yokuvezwa kwedatha ebucayi.

Izindlela Eziphumelelayo Zokususa Ifayela Elivikelekile

Kunamasu asebenzayo okususa ngokuphephile amafayela kudivayisi yakho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awakwazi ukutholwa abantu abangagunyaziwe. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kwanele ukumane uzisuse ku-Recycle Bin noma ufomethe idrayivu yakho yokugcina, lezi zindlela eziyisisekelo azanele ukuvikela ngokwanele ulwazi lwakho oluyimfihlo Kulesi sihloko sizokufundisa amasu athuthukile azoqinisekisa ukuthi usula amafayela ngaphandle kokushiya noma yimuphi umkhondo.

1. ⁣Bhala phezu kwedatha: Indlela evame ukusetshenziswa ukususa amafayela kuyo indlela ephephile kuhlanganisa nokubhala phezu kwedatha izikhathi eziningi. Ungasebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile ezobhala kabusha amaphethini edatha ahlukahlukene kufayela ngaphambi kokulisusa ngokuphelele. Ngale ndlela, kuba cishe akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela ulwazi lokuqala. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha isofthiwe ethembekile ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izingozi.

2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwefayela: Enye indlela ephumelelayo iwukuhlukanisa ifayela libe izingxenye eziningi bese ususa isiqeshana ngasinye ngokuhlukana. Ngale ndlela, idatha izohlukaniswa futhi ihlakazwe ezindaweni ezahlukene ze-hard drive, okwenza kube nzima ukubuyisela. Le nqubo ingenziwa ngesandla, kodwa kuhle ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile asiza ukuhlukaniswa nokususwa okuphephile kwamafayela.

3. I-Cryptography nokususwa: Uma ukuvikeleka kwamafayela akho kubaluleke kakhulu, ungakhetha ukusebenzisa izindlela zokubethela ngaphambi kokuwasusa. Ngale ndlela, ifayela lizovikelwa ngokhiye wokubethela, okwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela elikuqukethe ngaphandle kokhiye olungile. ⁤Uma usubethele ifayela, ungaqhubeka nokulisusa ngokuphephile ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokutholwa kwalo. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa ama-algorithms wokubethela aqinile futhi ucekele phansi bonke okhiye bokubethela uma usuwasusile amafayela.

Khumbula ukuthi ukususwa kwefayela okuvikelekile kubalulekile ukuze uvikele ubumfihlo bakho futhi ugweme ukuvuza kolwazi okungenzeka. Sebenzisa lezi zindlela ezithuthukile nezithembekile ukuze ususe amafayela akho ngaphandle kokushiya noma yikuphi umkhondo. Njalo gcina isofthiwe yakho yezokuphepha ibuyekeziwe futhi ugcine amafayela akho ayimfihlo ephephile kubantu besithathu abangagunyaziwe. Azikho izaba zokungaqinisekisi ukuvikeleka kolwazi lwakho. Qiniseka ukuthi uwasusa amafayela akho ngokuphepha!

Ukubaluleka kokubhala phezu kwedatha ekususweni kwefayela okuvikelekile

Ukubhala phezu kwedatha kuyindlela ebalulekile⁤ yokuqinisekisa ukususwa kwefayela okuphephile. Ngokungafani nokususa ifayela ukuze kukhululwe isikhala sediski, ukubhala ngaphezulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha esusiwe isulwa ngendlela engenakuhlehliswa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela ukutholwa kwabantu besithathu.

Kunezindlela ezihlukene zokubhala ngaphezulu idatha, ngayinye enezici zayo kanye namazinga okuphepha. Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu i-algorithm ye-Gutmann, esebenzisa amaphasi angu-35 ukuze ibhale phezu kwedatha ngamaphethini athile. Le ndlela iphephe kakhulu, kodwa ingahamba kancane ngenxa yenani lamaphasi adingekayo.

Enye indlela edumile yindlela yokubhala yokushova, lapho amanani edatha abhalwa kabusha ngamaphethini angahleliwe. Nakuba le ndlela ishesha kune-algorithm ye-Gutmann, ingase ingavikeleki ezimweni ezithile lapho kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okutakula athuthukile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhetha indlela yokubhala ngaphezulu efanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokuphepha kanye nezinga lokuzwela ledatha ezosuswa.

Izincomo zokuqinisekisa ukususwa okuphephile kwamafayela

Ukuqinisekisa ukususwa okuphephile kwamafayela kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kolwazi nokugwema ukuvuza kwedatha okungase kube khona. Nakuba ukususa ifayela ku-Recycle Bin kungase kubonakale kwanele, empeleni, idatha isengatholwa ngamathuluzi akhethekile. Nazi ezinye izincomo zokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi⁤ amafayela akho asusiwe unomphela futhi ngaphandle komkhondo:

Indlela yokubhala ngaphezulu: A ngempumelelo indlela ephephile yokususa amafayela ukusebenzisa amasu okubhala ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka esikhundleni sedatha yefayela ngolwazi olungahleliwe noma oziro izikhathi eziningi, okwenza ukutholakala kungenzeki nhlobo. Kunamathuluzi akhethekile avumela ukuthi lo msebenzi wenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuqinisekisa ukususwa okuphephile.

Ukhiye wokubethela nokukhipha: Enye inketho ⁢ukubethela amafayela ngaphambi kokuwasusa.⁤ Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho noma othile ⁤ekwazi ukubuyisela idatha, ngeke akwazi ukufinyelela ekuqukethe ngaphandle kokhiye wokubethela.⁤ Uma amafayela esebetheliwe, nawe ingawasusa ngokuvikelekile ukhiye wokubethela ukuze asuse noma yikuphi ukutholakala kokutholakala.

Destrucción física: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lapho ukususwa ngokuphelele kuyadingeka futhi kungenakwenzeka ukubuyisela, ukucekelwa phansi ngokomzimba kwemidiya yokugcina kuyisixazululo kuphela. Lokhu kubandakanya ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinjengokuchoboza, ukushiswa noma ukukhipha uzibuthe. kusuka ku-hard drive, imemori khadi⁢ nanoma iyiphi enye indlela yokulondoloza.​ Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le ndlela kufanele yenziwe ngokuphepha nangokuzibophezela, ukugwema ukulimala noma ukulimala kwendawo ezungezile.

Kusetshenziswa isoftware ekhethekile ukuze kususwe ifayela elivikelekile

Ukususwa kwefayela okuvikelekile kuyinkinga enkulu emhlabeni wanamuhla wedijithali. Ngokwanda kwezinsongo zokugebenga⁤ kanye nengozi yokwebiwa kwedatha ebucayi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amafayela asusiwe awakwazi ukutholwa. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona amasu athuthukile atholakalayo akuvumela ukuthi ususe amafayela ngaphandle kokushiya umkhondo.

Enye yezinketho ezinhle kakhulu zokususwa kwefayela okuphephile ukusebenzisa isoftware ekhethekile yokususa. Lezi zinhlelo ⁢ zinikeza izici ezithuthukile ezedlula ukusula okulula ⁣okuvamile. Basebenzisa ama-algorithms akhethekile wokubhala ngaphezulu ukuze baqinisekise​ ukuthi idatha esusiwe ibhalwa ngaphezulu ngolwazi olungahleliwe, okwenza kube cishe⁢ kungenzeki ukubuyisela ulwazi lwangempela. Lezi zinhlelo futhi zenza amaphasi amaningi wokubhala ngaphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukususwa okuphelele kwamafayela.

Ukwengeza, isofthiwe ethile ekhethekile iphinde inikeze inketho yokususa ngokuphephile amafayela kumadrayivu esitoreji sangaphandle, njengamadrayivu aqinile angaphandle noma amadrayivu e-USB. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi kulabo abasebenza ngedatha ebucayi ku amadivayisi ahlukene futhi badinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amafayela asusiwe awakwazi ukutholwa, ngisho noma edluliselwa kwenye idivayisi. Ngokusebenzisa lesi sici, ungaphumula wazi ukuthi amafayela asusiwe kumadivayisi akho angaphandle azohlala esusiwe ngokuphephile, kungashiyi mkhondo ngemuva.

Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Uma Usebenzisa Amathuluzi Okususa Ifayela Avikelekile

Uma usebenzisa amathuluzi okusula amafayela avikelekile, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukucatshangelwa okuthile okubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukususwa okuphelele nokungenakulandeleka kwamafayela. Lezi zindlela ⁢zokususa ngokuvikelekile zibalulekile ikakhulukazi uma usebenza ngamafayela ayimfihlo noma azwelayo adinga ukususwa unomphela.

Okunye okucatshangelwayo okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ithuluzi elithembekile nelithembekile lokususa amafayela ngokuphephile. Kukhona⁢ izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho ezitholakalayo emakethe, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhetha ithuluzi elihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha futhi elinegama eliqinile. Amanye amathuluzi adumile afaka:

• Isisuli - Ithuluzi lamahhala nelivulekile elinikeza ama-algorithms wokususa avikelekile amaningi.
• I-CCleaner - Isofthiwe esetshenziswa kabanzi engakwazi ukuhlanza amafayela angadingekile kuphela kodwa futhi iwasuse ngokuphepha.
• I-BitKiller - Inketho enokwethenjelwa enikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esisebenziseka kalula nezinketho ezihlukahlukene zokususa ezivikelekile.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ama-algorithms ahlukene anikezwa ngamathuluzi okususa avikelekile bese ukhetha elifanele kakhulu izidingo zakho. Amanye ama-algorithms avamile ahlanganisa i-Gutmann, i-DoD 5220.22-M, i-PRNG, noma i-algorithm yokususa evikelekile ka-Peter Gutmann. Lawa ma-algorithms aqinisekisa ukuthi amafayela abhalwa ngaphezulu izikhathi eziningi ngedatha engahleliwe, ukuvimbela ukutholwa kolwazi olungadingeki. Ukwengeza, kuyatuseka ukwenza ukuhlolwa efayeleni lokuhlola ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ithuluzi kumafayela abucayi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lisebenza ngendlela efanele.

Izinzuzo zokususwa kwefayela okuvikelekile ukuze uthole ulwazi oluyimfihlo nokuphepha

Okwamanje, ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka kolwazi yizici ezibalulekile ekuphathweni kwamafayela edijithali. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela zokususa ezivikelekile ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi idatha yethu ebucayi ayiweli ezandleni ezingalungile. Ukususa amafayela ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo sekuwumkhuba obalulekile wokuvikela ulwazi lwethu lomuntu siqu nokugwema ubungozi obungaba khona ekuyimfihlo yethu.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokususwa kwefayela okuvikelekile ukuvikela ekuntshontshweni kobunikazi. Ngokususa ifayela ngendlela evamile, lingatholwa kusetshenziswa amasu okuthola idatha, kubeke idatha yethu yomuntu siqu neyezezimali engcupheni. Nokho⁢, ukusebenzisa amasu okusula avikelekile, njengokubhala ngaphezulu okuningi, kuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yangempela cishe ayinakwenzeka ukuphinda itholakale, ⁢ukuvikela noma yikuphi ukuntshontshwa kobunikazi.

Enye inzuzo yokususwa kwefayela okuvikelekileukuvimbela ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha. Uma amafayela esuswa ngokungavikelekile, angadalulwa futhi asetshenziselwe ukufinyelela ulwazi olubucayi. Ngokusebenzisa amasu okusula avikelekile, njengokususwa okuphephile kwamadokhumenti noma ukufometha okuvikelekile kwamadrayivu esitoreji, unciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokusetshenziswa kwamafayela asusiwe ngonya.

Vikela ngokuqhathaniswa nokususwa okuphephile ukufometha amadrayivu esitoreji

Ukususwa kwefayela okuvikelekile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvikela idatha yakho eyimfihlo neyomuntu siqu. Ngokungafani namadrayivu okugcina okufometha, avele asule ulwazi, ukususa okuvikelekile kusebenzisa amasu athuthukile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amafayela awakwazi ukutholwa abantu besithathu abangagunyaziwe Uma ukhathazekile ngobumfihlo bedatha yakho, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili kanye ukukhetha ukususwa okuphephile.

Ezinye zezindlela ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa ekususeni okuphephile zihlanganisa:

1. Ukubhala phezu kwedatha: Le nqubo ihilela ukubhala ngokuphindaphindiwe idatha engahleliwe esikhaleni esithathwe amafayela ofuna ukuwasusa. Ukwenza kanjalo kusula idatha yoqobo futhi kwenza ukuthola kube nzima kakhulu.

2. Ukwesulwa okuvikelekile okusekelwe kumazinga: Kunamazinga amaningana aziwayo, njengendlela ye-United States National Security Agency (NSA) noma izinga loMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-United States. I-USA (DOD), echaza ukuthi ukususwa kwedatha okuvikelekile kufanele⁤ kubukeke kanjani. Lezi zindlela zilandela imihlahlandlela ethile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha okuphezulu.

3. Ukucekelwa phansi ngokomzimba: Kwezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ucekele phansi imidiya yesitoreji, efana nama-hard drive noma amadrayivu e-USB. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuwaphula noma ukuwachoboza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ayifinyeleleki ngendlela yayo yoqobo.

Ngamafuphi, ukufometha amadrayivu esitoreji kuyinketho esheshayo kodwa evikeleke kancane yokususa amafayela. Uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yakho ayikwazi ukutholwa, kuhle ukuthi usebenzise izindlela zokususa ezivikelekile, ezifana nokubhala phezu kwedatha, ukulandela izindinganiso ezaziwayo, noma ukucekela phansi imidiya. Khumbula, vikela ubumfihlo bakho kanye nokuphepha kwedijithali Ibalulekile enkathini yamanje.

Ukubaluleka kokufundisa abasebenzisi mayelana nokususwa kwefayela okuphephile

Ukususwa kwefayela okuvikelekile kuyisihloko esibaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha. Abasebenzisi abaningi abazazi izingozi ezingase ziphakame ngokususa ifayela kukhompuyutha yabo. Yingakho ukufundisa abasebenzisi ngokubaluleka kokususa amafayela ngokuphephile kubaluleka ukuze kuvikelwe ulwazi lwabo lomuntu siqu noluyimfihlo.

Kukhona amasu ahlukahlukene aqinisekisa ⁢ukususwa okuvikelekile ⁢kwamafayela, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjwe ukuthi angatholwa⁤ izinkampani zangaphandle ezinonya. Enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukusula kokubhala ngaphezulu okuningi. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukubhala kabusha idatha efayeleni ngolwazi olungahleliwe izikhathi ezimbalwa, okwenza ukuluthola kwayo okulandelayo kungenzeki.

Enye indlela edumile ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezikhethekile ekususweni kwefayela okuvikelekile. Lezi zinhlelo ziyakwazi ukubhala ngaphezulu idatha yefayela elisusiwe ngendlela engenakuhlehliswa, ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukutholakala kokutholakala. Ezinye zalezi zinhlelo zinezinketho ezithuthukisiwe ezikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe inombolo yezikhathi ofuna ukubhala phezu kwazo idatha, inikeze ukuvikeleka okukhulu.

Sengiphetha, izindlela ezivikelekile zokususa ifayela zethulwa njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile emkhakheni wokuphepha kwekhompyutha. Ukuthi ukuvikela idatha yomuntu siqu ebucayi noma ukuvimbela ukuvuza kolwazi oluyimfihlo, ukuba nezindlela eziphumelelayo zokususa amafayela ngaphandle komkhondo kubaluleka. Nakuba kunamathuluzi namasu ahlukahlukene atholakalayo, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukuthi iyiphi efanelana kangcono nezidingo zethu ezithile kanye nezimfuneko. Masihlale sikhumbula ukubaluleka kokuvikela ulwazi lwethu nokuqinisekisa ukuqedwa kwalo ngokuphelele, ngaleyo ndlela sigweme noma iyiphi ingozi yokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe noma ukusetshenziswa kabi kwedatha. Ezweni ledijithali elihlala lishintsha, ukuvikeleka kolwazi kuyinselele eqhubekayo, futhi lawa masu asinikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokugcina amafayela ethu ephephile kunoma yikuphi ukulandelelwa okungafunwa.