Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ubuchwepheshe I-BIOS Kuye kwavela ngokuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Namuhla, asaqhubeka nokuba yisici esibalulekile sokuqala nokulungisa amasistimu ekhompyutha. Emigqeni elandelayo sizobuyekeza izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-BIOS nezici zazo eziyinhloko.
Nakuba sesike sahlanganisa lesi sihloko ngaphambili kule bhulogi, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi iyini i-BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). Le ngxenye, eyisisekelo kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha, ingachazwa njengohlelo lwe-firmware olugcinwe ku-chip ebhodini lomama, olusebenza njenge umxhumanisi phakathi kwehadiwe nesistimu yokusebenza.
I-BIOS iqala ukusebenza ngesikhathi ikhompyutha ivula. Okokuqala yethula inqubo ebizwa nge-POST (Power-On Self-Test) que consiste en realizar un diagnóstico del hardware; bese ilayisha uhlelo lokusebenza kumemori, ngaleyo ndlela ivumele ifayela le- inicio del ordenador.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abasebenzisi bangakwazi lungisa imingcele ethile yehadiwe usebenzisa i-BIOS, njengokuhleleka kwebhuthi noma isivinini sokucubungula, phakathi kokunye. Ake sibheke ngezansi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-BIOS ezikhona nokuthi yiziphi izici zazo:
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-BIOS ezikhona?
Lezi yizinhlobo ze-BIOS ezikhona njengamanje. Njengoba uzobona, uhla lusuka ku-BIOS yakudala eyaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu luye ezingxenyeni zesimanje nezithuthukisiwe:
BIOS clásica
La isisombululo sendabuko, elula futhi ephumelelayo, isebenza ngokuphelele ezinhlelweni eziyisisekelo. I-BIOS igcinwa ku-ROM noma ku-EEPROM chip ebhodini lomama. Ayidli nhlobo izinsiza futhi inikeza ukusebenza okusheshayo.
Esinye sezici zayo eziphawuleka kakhulu ubulula bokusebenza kwayo. Umsebenzisi angakwazi ukuyilungiselela kusukela kukhibhodi efanayo, ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezengeziwe.
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi, njengoba yakhelwe amasistimu amadala, inikeza aukusekelwa kwehadiwe okulinganiselwe. Ayisekeli ukuhlukaniswa kwediski enomthamo omkhulu noma okunikezwayo ukusekela ihluzo eziphambili. Futhi ihamba kancane futhi ivikeleke kancane kunamanye amasistimu amasha, njenge-UEFI.
I-UEFI
I-UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) nació como ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwe-BIOS yendabuko. Kumakhompiyutha amanje, i-UEFI isivele yasusa i-BIOS yakudala, ngoba imele ukuthuthuka kwawo wonke amakhono ayo.
Yimiphi umehluko omkhulu? Okokuqala, kwakhe kuI-terfaz inikeza idizayini ebonakalayo eyengeziwe futhi ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwegundane. Iphinde inqobe imikhawulo yangaphambilini, isekela izingxenye zediski ezinkulu kuno-2 TB futhi ihlanganise nesilayishi sebhuthi esihlanganisiwe. Kulokhu kumele sengeze okunye ukuthuthukiswa mayelana nesivinini sokuqalisa, ukuphepha nokuhambisana.
Yize imele ukugxumela phambili maqondana ne-BIOS Yendabuko, kufanele kushiwo kanjalo Ukucushwa kwayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi idinga ukusetshenziswa kwehadiwe yakamuva. Bheka: I-BIOS vs UEFI: umehluko omkhulu.
Open Firmware
Enye indlela yesimanje ye-BIOS yendabuko, nakuba isetshenziswa kancane. Yena Open Firmware yakhelwe nge amasistimu wokusebenza okuphezulu, njengamaseva neziteshi zokusebenza. Phakathi kwezici zayo eziyinhloko kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi inikeza ukusekelwa cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza, ngaphezu kokuhleleka, ukuhleleka nokuvumelana nezimo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zendawo.
Nokho, Vula i-Firmware akuyona inketho enhle yamakhompyutha womuntu siqu isetshenziswa abasebenzisi abaningi, njengoba ingasekelwa kumasistimu asekelwe ku-x86. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Ukucushwa kwayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ayitholakali kuwo wonke umuntu.
Otros tipos de BIOS
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, kunezinye izixazululo ezisetshenziswa ngendlela eyingcosana, kodwa futhi ezingathakazelisa kwezinye izimo. Lezi ezinye izinhlobo ze-BIOS:
- I-AMI BIOS (American Megatrends Inc.), etholakala ngezinguqulo zakudala nezanamuhla ngokusekelwa kwe-UEFI. Isekelwa abakhiqizi abaningi be-motherboard, nakuba kuncike kubo ukuze kubuyekezwe.
- CoreBoot, i-firmware yomthombo ovulekile eklanyelwe ukumiselela ama-BIOS endabuko. Ilungiselelwe ukulayisha okushesha kakhulu kwesistimu yokusebenza, nakuba idinga ulwazi lobuchwepheshe ukuze isetshenziswe.
- Phoenix BIOS. Lena i-firmware eyakhiwe yi- Phoenix Technologies futhi idume ngezinga layo eliphezulu lokuhambisana nezinhlelo namadivayisi ahlukene.
Iyini i-BIOS yekhompyutha yami?
Uma usufike lapha, cishe uyazibuza ukuthi iyiphi, phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-BIOS ekhona, yileyo ikhompuyutha yakho enayo. Ukuthola, sincoma ukuthi ulandele le miyalo:
Ku-Windows kufanele uvule ukubhala msinfo32 ebhokisini lokusesha lemenyu yokuqala. Ngale ndlela sifinyelela ku- Información del sistema, lapho singabuyekeza khona isigaba "Imodi ye-BIOS". Uma sisebenzisa i-Linux, umyalo ongawusebenzisa ukuze uthole imininingwane enemininingwane ye-firmware es dmidecode.
Ngokubuyekeza izici zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-BIOS, ungalandelela ukuvela kwekhompyutha kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo kuze kube namuhla. CQonda umehluko phakathi kwezinketho ze-firmware ezitholakalayo (ukusuka I-BIOS eyisisekelo ku-UEFI ethuthuke kakhulu) Kubalulekile ukuthi sikwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yethu futhi siyivumelanise nezidingo zethu.
Umhleli okhethekile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezindaba ze-inthanethi onolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi kumidiya ehlukene yedijithali. Ngisebenze njengomhleli kanye nomdali wokuqukethwe kwe-e-commerce, ukuxhumana, ukumaketha ku-inthanethi kanye nezinkampani zokukhangisa. Ngike ngabhala kumawebhusayithi ezomnotho, ezezimali neminye imikhakha. Umsebenzi wami nawo uwuthando lwami. Manje, ngokusebenzisa izihloko zami ku Tecnobits, ngizama ukuhlola zonke izindaba namathuba amasha izwe lobuchwepheshe elisinikeza lona nsuku zonke ukuze sithuthukise izimpilo zethu.