Namuhla, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokufinyelela ku-inthanethi, okuvumela izigidi zabantu namabhizinisi ukuthi baxhumane ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Lesi sihloko sigxile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokuxhuma ku-inthanethi, basebenza kanjani, babo izinzuzo y izinkinga, kanye nendlela yokukhetha inketho efanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni.
Uxhumano Lwe-inthanethi Lwekhebula
Uxhumano lwe-inthanethi lwekhebula lungenye yezinketho ezivame kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezibonakalayo ukuze kusungulwe uxhumano, okubanikeza okukhulu ukuzinza y isivinini uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela.
Fibra Óptica
La fibra óptica Iwubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa imicu emihle yengilazi noma yepulasitiki ukuze idlulise idatha ngama-pulses okukhanya. Ngenxa yalokho, ungakwazi ukufeza high kakhulu ukulanda futhi ulayishe ngesivinini, eziphakeme kakhulu kunalezo ezinikezwa obunye ubuchwepheshe.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-fiber optics ukuthi ayihlukunyezwa yi-electromagnetic, okusho ukuthi ilungele ukudlulisa amanani amakhulu edatha kumabanga amade ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi. Lokhu kuyenza ibe enye yezinketho ezidume kakhulu kuzo zombili amakhaya namabhizinisi.
Enye yezinselelo ze-fiber optics ukutholakala kwayo, njengoba ingakatholakali kuzo zonke izindawo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude noma zasemakhaya.
ADSL
El ADSL (I-Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa izintambo zocingo ezivamile ukunikeza ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ye-broadband. Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi sinjalo asimétrica, okusho ukuthi isivinini sokulayisha nesokulanda asifani. Izivinini zokulanda ngokuvamile ziyashesha kunezivinini zokulayisha.
I-ADSL yayingenye yezinketho zokuqala ezitholakala kubasebenzisi lapho i-intanethi iqala ukuduma, futhi nakuba iye yadlulwa ngesivinini ngobunye ubuchwepheshe (okufana ne-fiber optics), ihlala iyindlela esebenzayo ezindaweni eziningi lapho i-fiber ingatholakali khona.
Kodwa-ke, mayelana nokuzinza nesivinini, i-ADSL ayikwazi ukuncintisana ne-fiber optics, futhi ibanga phakathi komsebenzisi nokushintshaniswa kocingo kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo.
Cable
Ukufinyelela i-inthanethi nge cable isebenzisa ingqalasizinda efanayo nezinkampani zikamabonakude zamakhebula. Isebenza ngemodemu exhuma kolayini bentambo kamabonakude, ivumela conexión rápida y estable.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zalolu hlobo lokuxhumana ukuthi lunikeza isivinini sokulanda esiphezulu, ezifana ne-fiber. Nokho, ngokungafani ne-fiber optics, isivinini singehla lapho abasebenzisi abaningi basebenzisa inethiwekhi ngesikhathi esisodwa, njengoba babelana ngomkhawulokudonsa ofanayo.
Conexiones Inalámbricas
Ukuxhumana okungenantambo yilokho azikho izintambo ezidingekayo ukuxhuma amadivayisi ku-inthanethi. Lezi zixhumanisi ziye zanda kakhulu ngenxa yazo conveniencia y ukusetshenziswa okulula.
I-Wifi
El i-wifi Kuwuhlobo lokuxhumana okungenantambo olwaziwayo futhi olusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke. Sebenzisa ondas de radio ukuxhuma amadivayisi afana nomakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha aphathekayo namathebulethi ku-inthanethi. Ilungele esetshenziswa ezindaweni ezivaliwe noma ezivulekile futhi ivumela amadivayisi amaningi ukuthi axhume kunethiwekhi efanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukusebenza kwe-Wi-Fi kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa amafrikhwensi asetshenzisiwe (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz noma 6 GHz). Nakuba amafrikhwensi aphezulu (afana no-5 GHz kanye no-6 GHz) anikeza isivinini esiphezulu, anobubanzi obufushane uma kuqhathaniswa namafrikhwensi angu-2.4 GHz.
Hotspots
Un hotspot iyindawo yokufinyelela engenantambo evumela amadivayisi ukuthi axhume ku-inthanethi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi. Lezi zindawo ezishisayo zingatholakala ezindaweni zomphakathi, njenge cafeterías, aeropuertos o parques, futhi unikeze ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokulula ngaphandle kwesidingo samakhebuli.
Abahlinzeki besevisi abaningi futhi bayanikezela ama-hotspots weselula, ezikuvumela ukuthi udale inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi usebenzisa uxhumano lwedatha yeselula, elungele abasebenzisi abadinga ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi ngenkathi behamba.
Conexiones Móviles
Izixhumanisi zeselula, njenge 4G o 5G, vumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bangene ku-inthanethi besebenzisa omakhalekhukhwini babo noma amathebulethi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba seduze nendawo yokufinyelela ye-Wi-Fi. Lokhu kuxhumana kwenziwa ngamanethiwekhi weselula futhi kunikeza okuhle kakhulu movilidad kubasebenzisi.
El 5G, obunye bobuchwepheshe bamuva nobuguquguqukayo, izithembiso isivinini esikhulu kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga uxhumano olusheshayo noluzinzile, olufana nokudlala ku-inthanethi noma umhlangano wevidiyo. Nokho, ukusabalala kwayo kusakhula, futhi akuzona zonke izindawo ezikwazi ukufinyelela kulobu buchwepheshe.
Satélite
La conexión satelital Kuyinketho yezindawo zasemaphandleni noma ezikude lapho i-fiber optic, i-DSL noma izintambo zokuxhuma zingatholakali. Isebenzisa amasathelayithi azungeza Umhlaba ukuze idlulise idatha, ivumela uxhumano lwe-inthanethi noma yikuphi emhlabeni, inqobo nje uma kunomugqa ocacile wokubuka isathelayithi.
Nakuba le nketho inikeza ukuxhumana ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, enye yezinto ezimbi kakhulu zayo ukubambezeleka, njengoba idatha kufanele ihambe ngesathelayithi futhi ibuyele ngaphambi kokufinyelela kumsebenzisi, okuholela ekutheni izikhathi ezinde zokuphendula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokuxhuma.
Amanye ama-Connection Technologies
ISDN
La Inethiwekhi Yedijithali Yezinsizakalo Ezihlanganisiwe (ISDN) ubuchwepheshe obuvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha kanye nezinsizakalo zezwi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngemigqa yocingo yedijithali. Nakuba ingajwayelekile njengezinye izindlela zesimanje, isasetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo zasemakhaya noma ezimeni lapho a ukuxhumana okuthembekile.
Enye yezinzuzo ze-ISDN ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ukuxhuma amadivaysi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okungaba usizo emahhovisi noma ezindaweni zebhizinisi. Kodwa-ke, njengobunye ubuchwepheshe obusekelwe kwezokuxhumana, idlulwe kakhulu ubuchwepheshe obusheshayo obufana ne-fiber optics nekhebula.
PLC (Power Line Communications)
La tecnología de PLC ivumela izintambo zikagesi ezikhona ukuthi zisetshenziswe ukudlulisa idatha. Lokhu kuvumela ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi ukuthi kusebenze ngenethiwekhi kagesi, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufaka izintambo ezengeziwe. Nakuba ukuqaliswa kwayo kungase kube ngaphezulu ezomnotho Ezindaweni ezithile, ukusebenza kwawo kuvame ukulinganiselwa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho ezithuthuke kakhulu, njenge-fiber optics.
Indlela Yokukhetha Ukuxhuma Okulungile
Lapho ukhetha uxhumano lwe-inthanethi, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele, njenge isivinini, i disponibilidad kanye costo. La velocidad de Internet ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngenkomfa ngevidiyo, ukusakaza okuqukethwe kwe-HD noma imidlalo ye-inthanethi.
Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe ukutholakala. Kwezinye izindawo, akuzona zonke izinketho ezitholakalayo. Isibonelo, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, i-fiber optics ingase ingatholakali, futhi abasebenzisi kufanele bakhethe ukuxhuma ngesathelayithi noma i-DSL.
Izindleko nazo ziyisici esibalulekile, njengoba okunye ukuxhumeka, okufana ne-fiber optics, kungabiza kakhulu kunezinye izinketho. Nokho, ukutshalwa kwezimali kungase kukufanelekele uma udinga uxhumano olusheshayo noluzinzile.
Ukukhetha uxhumano lwe-inthanethi kuzoncika ezidingweni zomuntu siqu noma zebhizinisi, kanye nalokho okutholakala esifundeni. Ngezinketho eziningi zokuxhuma kwi-inthanethi emakethe namuhla, kungenzeka ukuthola isisombululo esifanele kuzo zonke izimo.
Ngingumshisekeli wezobuchwepheshe oguqule izintshisekelo zakhe "ze-geek" zaba umsebenzi. Ngichithe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 yempilo yami ngisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokukitaza ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo ngenxa yelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi. Manje sengiqeqeshelwe ubuchwepheshe be-computer nemidlalo yama-video. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5 ngisebenza ngokubhalela amawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene ezobuchwepheshe nemidlalo yevidiyo, ngenza izindatshana ezifuna ukukunikeza imininingwane oyidingayo ngolimi oluqondakala yiwo wonke umuntu.
Uma unemibuzo, ulwazi lwami lusukela kuyo yonke into ehlobene nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Windows kanye ne-Android yomakhalekhukhwini. Futhi ukuzibophezela kwami kuwe, ngihlala ngizimisele ukuchitha amaminithi ambalwa futhi ngikusize uxazulule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo kulo mhlaba we-inthanethi.