Izinhlobo zama-virus ekhompyutha

Izinhlobo Amagciwane Ekhompyutha

Amagciwane ekhompyutha awusongo oluqhubekayo emhlabeni wedijithali. Ziye zaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zibe yingozi, zibeka ukuphepha kwabasebenzisi kanye nobuqotho bemishini yabo engozini. Ukwazi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane ekhompyutha kanye nendlela asakazeka ngayo kubalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela nokuvimbela ezidingekayo Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamagciwane ekhompyutha, kusukela kuma-Trojans kuya ezibungu nase-ransomware. . Ukuqonda izici zabo nezindlela kuzosisiza khomba futhi ulwe lezi zinsongo ze-inthanethi⁢ ngempumelelo.

I-Trojans, eyaziwa nangokuthi uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, izinhlelo ezizifihla njengezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisemthethweni zokukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole ukufinyelela idatha yakho ulwazi lomuntu siqu noma oluyimfihlo. Lawa magciwane angase afihlwe ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo ezibonakala zisemthethweni, njenge-antivirus mbumbulu noma isidlali sevidiyo. Uma iThrojani isisebenza kukhompuyutha, ingenza izenzo ezinonya ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi. Kubalulekile ukuba uhlelo oluhle lokutholwa nokususwa kwe-malware ukuze uzivikele kulolu songo.

Olunye uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwegciwane lekhompyutha isikelemu. Ngokungafani nama-Trojan, izikelemu zingaphindaphinda futhi zizisakaze ngokwazo, ngaphandle kokudinga ukubulawa ngumsebenzisi. Lokhu kubenza babe yingozi kakhulu, njengoba bekwazi ukuthelela inethiwekhi yonke ngokushesha. Izikelemu zivame ukuxhaphaza ubungozi ku- isistimu esebenzayo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokungena ngesinyenyela kumakhompyutha. Uma sezingaphakathi, zingadala umonakalo, njengokunciphisa isivinini senethiwekhi yakho noma ukususa amafayela abalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuba nakho izibuyekezo zesofthiwe kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezanele zokuvimbela ukusabalala kwalolu hlobo lwegciwane.

Elinye lamagciwane adume ngalo eminyakeni yamuva i-ransomware. Lolu hlobo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lubethela amafayela omsebenzisi futhi lufune isihlengo ukuze luwavule. I-Ransomware ingasabalala ngama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi noma amawebhusayithi anonya. Uma amafayela esebethelwe, umsebenzisi angawabuyisela kuphela ngokukhokha isihlengo, esivame ukufunwa ngezimali eziyimfihlo. Bala uqhubeke izipele ezibuyekeziwe futhi uhlelo oluhle lokuvikela amagciwane lubalulekile ukuvimbela lolu hlobo lokuhlasela nokuvikela ulwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwebhizinisi.

Ngamafuphi, amagciwane ekhompyutha awusongo oluqhubekayo emhlabeni wedijithali. Ukwazi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane ekhompiyutha nendlela asakazeka ngayo kubalulekile ukuze sivikele amathuluzi ethu kanye nedatha. Ukuba nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezanele, ezifana nokutholwa kwe-malware nezinhlelo zokususa, ukuvuselela isofthiwe nokwenza amakhophi ayisipele, kuzosivumela ukuthi sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalezi zinsongo. Ukuhlala unolwazi futhi uqaphe izimpawu ezingase zibe khona zokutheleleka kuzosisiza silondoloze ubuqotho bamasistimu ethu.

Izinhlobo zama-virus ekhompyutha

Igciwane lefayela: Lolu hlobo lwegciwane luzinamathisela efayeleni noma kuhlelo olukhona futhi lucushwe lapho ifayela elinegciwane lenziwa. Bangalimaza noma basuse amafayela wesistimu abalulekile, futhi basakaze kwamanye amafayela ngenethiwekhi noma imidiya yangaphandle yokugcina. Ezinye izibonelo zamagciwane efayela igciwane le-Melissa, igciwane le-Sasser, negciwane le-WannaCry.

I-boot virus: Lawa magciwane ahlala emkhakheni we-boot of a i-hard drive noma kuthebula lokuhlukanisa futhi icushwe uma iqala uhlelo lokusebenza. Angakwazi ⁣ukuthelela umkhakha wokuqalisa wamanye amadiski nemidiya yokugcina, okuvumela⁢ igciwane ukuthi lisabalale ngisho ⁤uma lifakiwe. enye idivayisi kukhompyutha. Isibonelo esidumile segciwane le-boot igciwane le-Stoned, elathinta amakhompyutha e-PC ngeminyaka yawo-90.

Izimpethu: Izikelemu izinhlelo ezinonya ezisabalele kunethiwekhi, zisebenzisa ubungozi izinhlelo zokusebenza noma⁤ izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokungafani namagciwane, izikelemu ⁢azidingi⁤ ukuthi zizinamathisele kufayela ekhona ukuthelela uhlelo. Uma sebengaphakathi, bangakwazi ukuziphindaphinda futhi basakaze ngokushesha kunethiwekhi yonkana, kuthinte amadivayisi amaningi ngendaba yamaminithi. I-Blaster worm kanye ne-Conficker worm ziyizibonelo ezimbi zokuhlaselwa kwezikelemu esikhathini esidlule.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje eziningi ezikhona namuhla. Izigebengu ze-Cybercriminal zihlala zakha izindlela ezintsha nokuhlukahluka ukuze zingene kumasistimu futhi zebe ulwazi.⁢ Gcina isofthiwe ibuyekeziwe, sebenzisa izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane Amawebhusayithi athembekile kanye nokuqaphela izinqubo zokuphepha ku-inthanethi kuyizindlela ezisebenzayo zokuzivikela⁤ lezi zinsongo zedijithali.

1. I-Virus Yokunamathisela Ifayela Igciwane lokunamathisela wuhlobo lwegciwane lekhompyutha elisakazeka ngama-imeyili noma imiyalezo.

Igciwane lokunamathisela liwuhlobo lwe igciwane lekhompyutha esabalalisa ngama-imeyili noma imiyalezo. Umqondo oyisisekelo walolu hlobo lwegciwane ukuthi linamathiselwe efayeleni emyalezweni futhi lapho umsebenzisi evula noma elanda ifayela elinegciwane, igciwane liyavulwa futhi liqale ukuthelela uhlelo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokunamathiselwe ezisetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa amagciwane imibhalo ye-Microsoft Office, njenge-Word, Excel, ne-PowerPoint, kanye namafayela asebenzisekayo, njengamafayela e-.exe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lapho uvula okunamathiselwe, njengoba kungase kube namagciwane noma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompyutha olungafaka engozini ukuvikeleka kwethu. amakhompyutha.

Enye yezingozi ezinkulu lapho ubhekene negciwane lokunamathiselwe amandla yikhono lalo lokusabalala ngokushesha ngama-imeyili nemiyalezo yombhalo. Lawa magciwane avame ukusebenzisa izindlela zobunjiniyela bomphakathi ukuze akhohlise abasebenzisi ukuthi bakholelwe ukuthi okunamathiselwe kusemthethweni. Uma umsebenzisi ewela ogibeni futhi evula ifayela, igciwane liqala ukusebenza futhi alikwazi ukuthelela kuphela uhlelo lwesisulu, kodwa futhi lithumele amakhophi alo kwabanye othintana nabo ebhukwini lekheli lesisulu. Lokhu kungaholela ekusabalaleni kwegciwane ngokushesha, kuthinte isibalo esikhulu sabantu. amakhompyutha.

Ukuze uzivikele kumagciwane okunamathiselwe, kubalulekile ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha ezinhle Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba ne isofthiwe ye-antivirus ebuyekeziwe kukhompuyutha yethu ekwazi ukubona futhi isuse noma yimaphi amagciwane angaba yingozi. Ukwengeza, kufanele siqaphele lapho sivula noma yikuphi okunamathiselwe futhi siqiniseke ukuthi kuvela emthonjeni othembekile. Uma singenaso isiqiniseko ngobuqiniso besinanyathiselwa, kuyanconywa ukuthi singasivuli futhi siqinisekise nomthumeli ngaphambi kokwenza kanjalo. Ngalezi zinyathelo zokuphepha, singanciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka ngegciwane lokunamathisela futhi sigcine eyethu amakhompyutha kuvikelwe.

2. Izikelemu Zekhompyutha Izikelemu zekhompyutha izinhlelo ezinonya eziphindaphindayo futhi zisakazeke ngaphandle kokuthelela amafayela

Izikelemu zekhompyutha Ziyizinhlelo ezinonya eziphindaphindayo futhi zisakazeke ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthelela amafayela. Ngokungafani nama-virus, izikelemu azidingi ifayela le-host ukuze linamathiselwe, okuzenza zibe bushelelezi futhi kube nzima ukuzibona. Lezi zinhlelo ezinonya zisebenzisa ubungozi bezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo ukuze zisakazeke ngokushesha ngamanethiwekhi namadivayisi axhunywe ku-inthanethi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezikelemu zekhompyutha, ngasinye sinomsebenzi waso nendlela yokusakazeka kwayo. Ezinye zezinto ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa izikelemu ze-imeyili, ezisakazwa ngemiyalezo engafuneki ethunyelwa ohlwini loxhumana nabo; izikelemu zenethiwekhi, ezisizakala ngokuba sengozini⁤ kungqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ukuze zisabalale kwezinye izinhlelo; ⁣ kanye nezikelemu ze-inthanethi, ezisebenzisa ubungozi ⁤kuziphequluli zewebhu namawebhusayithi ukuze ⁣athelele amadivayisi wabasebenzisi.

Izikelemu zekhompyutha zingadala umonakalo omkhulu kumasistimu kanye nolwazi olugcinwe kuzo. Ngokusabalalisa ngokushesha, bangakhipha izinsiza zesistimu futhi babambezele ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ukwengeza, ezinye izikelemu ziklanyelwe ukweba ulwazi olubucayi, olufana namagama ayimfihlo nemininingwane yasebhange, okungaba nemiphumela engathi sína ekuvikelekeni kwabasebenzisi kanye nobumfihlo. Ukuze uvikele izikelemu zekhompyutha, kubalulekile ukugcina isofthiwe yezokuphepha isesikhathini samanje kuwo wonke amadivaysi, ugweme ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma ukuvula okunamathiselwe kwimithombo engaziwa, futhi usebenzise amagama ayimfihlo aqinile, ahlukile kuzo zonke izinsiza ze-inthanethi.

3. AmaTrojani Ama-Trojan izinhlelo ezizenza njengesofthiwe esemthethweni yokukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuthi bavumele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumasistimu abo.

AmaTrojan Ziwuhlobo lwegciwane lekhompyutha elizifihla njengezinhlelo ezisemthethweni zokukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumasistimu abo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ⁢amagciwane, ama-Trojan awaziphindaphindi ngokwawo, kodwa kunalokho angena ngesinyenyela kudivayisi noma inethiwekhi futhi ahlale lapho aze enziwe asebenze.. Lawa magciwane angaba yingozi kakhulu futhi angabangela umonakalo omkhulu kumasistimu nobumfihlo babasebenzisi.

Uma IThrojani ithelela ikhompuyutha noma inethiwekhi, ingavumela abahlaseli ukuthi bafinyelele futhi balawule isistimu bekude Lokhu kusho ukuthi izigebengu ze-inthanethi zingantshontsha imininingwane ebucayi, efana namagama ayimfihlo asebhange noma idatha yomuntu siqu, futhi ziyisebenzisele ukwenza ubugebengu. Ukwengeza, ama-Trojans angaphinda afake ama-keystrokes kukhibhodi, rekhoda isikrini noma wenze kusebenze ikhamera nemakrofoni yedivayisi ethelelekile, ebeka engcupheni ubumfihlo babasebenzisi.

I-Trojans Zivame ukusabalalisa "ngama-imeyili" omgunyathi, lapho okunamathiselwe noma "isixhumanisi esinonya" kuvezwa ukuthi, lapho sivuliwe noma sivakashelwe, sivumela ukufakwa kwegciwane. Angaphinde atholakale kumawebhusayithi angenwe yileli gciwane noma ngamafayela alandwe emithonjeni engathembekile. Ukuze uzivikele kulokhu kuhlaselwa, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isofthiwe enhle yokulwa namagciwane futhi uyigcine ivuselelwa njalo. Ukwengeza, kufanele kuqashelwe lapho uvula ama-imeyili avela kubathumeli abangaziwa futhi ugwema ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma ukulanda amafayela emithonjeni engathembekile.

Ngamafuphi, ama-Trojan izinhlelo ezinonya ezethula njengesofthiwe esemthethweni⁤ yokukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuthi bavumele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumasistimu. Lawa magciwane angabangela umonakalo omkhulu kokubili ezingeni lesistimu nakubumfihlo babasebenzisi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela, njengokusebenzisa isofthiwe enhle yokulwa namagciwane kanye nokuqapha lapho uvula ama-imeyili noma ulanda amafayela emithonjeni engaziwa. Ukuphepha kwekhompuyutha kuwumthwalo wemfanelo owabiwe, futhi ⁢ngokwaziswa nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha, singakwazi ukuvikela amasistimu ethu ezinsongweni ezifana ne-⁤Trojans.

4. I-Spyware ⁤ I-Spyware uhlobo lwegciwane lekhompyutha elisetshenziselwa ukuqoqa imininingwane yomuntu siqu, njengamaphasiwedi nemininingwane yasebhange, ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi.

I-Spyware ingenye yezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezesatshwa zamagciwane ekhompiyutha.⁤ Lolu hlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungena ngesinyenyela kumadivayisi ethu ngaphandle kwemvume yethu futhi umgomo wawo oyinhloko ukuqoqa ulwazi lomuntu siqu. Isebenzisa isinyenyela izinsiza zekhompyutha yethu futhi yebe idatha eyimfihlo, njengamaphasiwedi nezinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu, ifaka⁤ ubumfihlo bethu kanye nokuphepha ku-inthanethi.

Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokutheleleka nge-spyware, kusukela ngokuchofoza izixhumanisi ezinonya kuma-imeyili ogaxekile kuya ekulandeni izinhlelo noma okunamathiselwe kwimithombo engathembekile. Uma i-spyware isingene ohlelweni lwethu, ingase igade imisebenzi yethu eku-inthanethi, iqoqe imininingwane ebucayi futhi iyithumele kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kolwazi noma imvume yethu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-spyware ivamise ukufihlwa ezinhlelweni ezibonakala zingenabungozi njengamabha wamathuluzi noma ama-plug-ins esiphequluli.

Ngenhlanhla, kunezinyathelo esingazithatha ukuze sizivikele kuma-spyware. Okokuqala, kufanele siqiniseke ukuthi sisebenzisa uhlelo olusha lwe-antivirus oluhlanganisa ukuvikeleka kuma-spyware. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lapho uchofoza izixhumanisi ezingaziwa noma ulanda amafayela emithonjeni engathembekile. Ukungawavuli ama-imeyili asolisayo noma ukuchofoza izikhangiso ezingathembekile nakho kuzosiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka nge-spyware. Ukwenza ukuskena okujwayelekile kwe-spyware nokugcina isistimu yokusebenza nezinhlelo zivuselelwa njalo kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokusigcina sivikelekile kulolu hlobo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha oluhlaselayo.

5. I-Ransomware I-Ransomware iwuhlobo lwegciwane lekhompyutha elivimba ukufinyelela kumafayela noma amasistimu futhi lifune isihlengo ukuze likhishwe.

I-Ransomware ingenye yezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu zamagciwane ekhompyutha akhona namuhla. Isakazwa ngama-imeyili anezinamathiselo ezinegciwane noma ngamawebhusayithi asengozini. Uma i-ransomware isebenza ohlelweni, ivimbela ukufinyelela kumafayela noma isistimu yonke, ivimbela umsebenzisi ukuthi afinyelele ulwazi lwabo olubalulekile. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola kabusha ukufinyelela ukukhokhela izigebengu ze-inthanethi isihlengo.

Kukhona okuhlukile kwe-ransomware, ngayinye enezici zayo nezindlela zokubethela. Ezinye izibonelo ezijwayelekile zifaka i-CryptoLocker, i-WannaCry, ne-Locky. Lawa magciwane asebenzisa ama-algorithms okubethela athuthukile ukuze akhiye amafayela bese ecela inkokhelo yesihlengo ngama-cryptocurrencies njenge-Bitcoin ukuze awavule. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi ezilandela i-ransomware zivame ukubeka umnqamulajuqu osongelayo ukuze ucindezele izisulu ukuthi zikhokhe, ngaleyo ndlela andise ingcindezi nokwesaba impendulo esheshayo.

Ukuvikela ngokumelene ne-ransomware, kubalulekile ukugcina isofthiwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza zisesikhathini samanje. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuba ne-a isipele wawo wonke amafayela abalulekile futhi uwagcine ekude nanoma iyiphi idivayisi exhunywe kunethiwekhi. Kuphinde kunconywe kakhulu ukuthi ungachofozi izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma ulande okunamathiselwe kwimithombo engathembekile. Imfundo mayelana nokuvimbela kanye nokuqwashisa ngokuhlaselwa kwe-ransomware nakho kungamathuluzi abalulekile okugwema ukuba yisisulu. Khumbula, kuhlale kungcono ukuphepha kunokuzisola, njengoba i-ransomware ingadala umonakalo omkhulu womuntu siqu nebhizinisi.

6. Amabhothi Ama-botnet amanethiwekhi amakhompyutha angenwe yileli gciwane alawulwa izigebengu ze-inthanethi, asetshenziselwa ukuhlasela okukhulu, okusabalalisiwe.

6. Amabhothi

Ama-botnet amanethiwekhi amakhompyutha angenwe yileli gciwane alawulwa izigebengu ze-inthanethi, asetshenziselwa ukuhlasela okukhulu, okusabalalisiwe.

Emhlabeni we-cybersecurity, ama-botnets amelela usongo olukhulu kubantu ngabanye nasezinhlanganweni. Lawa manethiwekhi amakhompuyutha onakalisiwe angasetshenziselwa imisebenzi enonya, efana nokuthumela ugaxekile, ukweba ulwazi lomuntu siqu nelezezimali, ukusabalalisa uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, kanye nokuqalisa ukuhlasela kwe-DDoS.

• Ugaxekile: ⁤Omunye wemisebenzi esemqoka yama-botnets⁣ ukuthunyelwa ngobuningi kwama-imeyili ogaxekile. Lo mkhuba awukwazi nje ukweqa amaseva e-imeyili futhi ulimaze isithunzi sezinkampani, kodwa ungase futhi uholele ekusabalaleni kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ngokunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili okuwumgunyathi noma izixhumanisi.
• Ukwebiwa⁤ kolwazi: Ama-botnet aklanyelwe⁢ ukuqoqa idatha yomsebenzisi ebucayi, njengamaphasiwedi, izinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu, nolunye ulwazi lwezezimali. Lolu lwazi lungasetshenziswa ukwenza ukukhwabanisa kwezezimali noma ukudayisa nge-black market.
• Ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS: Ama-botnet aphinde asetshenziswe ukuqalisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-distributed denial of service (DDoS), okuhlose ukulayisha kakhulu iwebhusayithi noma inethiwekhi ngenani elikhulu lethrafikhi, okuholela ekungafinyeleleki kwayo. kubasebenzisi okusemthethweni. Lokhu kuhlasela kungalimaza kakhulu izinkampani, kuthinte isithunzi sazo futhi kubangele nokulahlekelwa kwezimali.

Ukudala nokulawula i-botnet kudinga amakhono obuchwepheshe athuthukile, okwenza kube nzima ukuyibona nokuyikhipha. Izigebengu ze-Cybercriminal zisebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene ukuze zithelele futhi zibuthe amakhompuyutha kunethiwekhi yazo, njengokuthumela ugaxekile ngezinanyathiselwa ezinonya, ukuxhaphaza ubungozi besofthiwe, nokukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuthi balande isofthiwe ethelelekile.

Ukuze uvikele kuma-botnets, kubalulekile ukuba nesofthiwe ye-antivirus esesikhathini samanje nokugcina amadivayisi nezinhlelo zokusebenza zisesikhathini samanje ngeziqephu zokuphepha zakamuva Ukwengeza, kuyanconywa ukugwema ukuvula ama-imeyili noma ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile, ahlukile ukuze uvikele ama-akhawunti aku-inthanethi. Ngokwamukela lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha, kungenzeka ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba yisisulu sama-botnets nezinye izenzo zobugebengu emhlabeni wedijithali.

7. Ama-Rootkits Ama-Rootkits ayizinhlelo ezinonya ezifihla ubukhona bazo futhi zivumele ukulawula okuphelele ohlelweni oluthelelekile.

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7. Ama-Rootkits

Emhlabeni wokuphepha kwamakhompyutha, ama-rootkit Ziyizinhlelo ezinonya ezibonakala ngokufihla ngokuphelele ubukhona bazo ohlelweni oluthelelekile. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zenzelwe ukugwema ukutholwa kwe-antivirus futhi zivumele ukulawula okugcwele kusistimu esengozini. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, ama-rootkits afaka isinyenyela futhi buthule, angabonakali kumsebenzisi ngisho namathuluzi okuphepha athuthukile.

Inhloso enkulu ye ama-rootkit igcina ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kusistimu, ngaleyo ndlela ivumela abahlaseli ukuthi ⁣ benze izenzo ezinonya ngaphandle kokutholwa. Lezi zinhlelo⁤ zingafihla amafayela, izinqubo nezimbobo, ziguqule izilungiselelo uhlelo lokusebenza futhi uguqule amalogi omcimbi ukuze ususe noma ibuphi ubufakazi bomsebenzi wakho. Ukwengeza, ama-rootkits angasebenzisa amasu ayinkimbinkimbi njengenqubo kanye nokwenza umshayeli azenze kube nzima ukuwathola nokuwakhipha.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze- ama-rootkit ngokwendlela abangena ngayo ohlelweni. Ama-rootkits ezinga lomsebenzisi afakwa njengezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisemthethweni noma amathuluzi futhi asizakala ngezimvume ezinikezwe umsebenzisi ukuze enze izenzo ezinonya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-rootkits ezinga le-kernel afakwe ezingeni elijulile lesistimu yokusebenza, okuvumela ukulawula okugcwele phezu kwehadiwe nesofthiwe. yekhompyutha. Lawa ma-rootkits ayingozi kakhulu njengoba angakhubaza noma yiziphi izindlela zokuvikela ezisetshenziswa ohlelweni.

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8. I-Macro Virus⁢ Ama-Macro viruss izinhlelo ezinonya ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwamadokhumenti futhi ⁤anyusa ama-macros ukuthi atheleleke kumasistimu.

Amagciwane amakhulu Izinhlelo ezinonya ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwemibhalo futhi zisizakala ngama-macros ukuthelela amasistimu. Lawa magciwane angena ngesinyenyela kumafayela e-Microsoft Office, njenge-Word, Excel noma i-PowerPoint, futhi asebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho idokhumenti ethintekile ivulwa. Ngama-macros, kwenziwa iziqondiso ezengeziwe ezivumela igciwane ukuthi lifinyelele futhi liguqule amafayela ohlelweni, futhi lisakaze kwamanye amadokhumenti noma lithumele ulwazi oluyimfihlo kumaseva angaphandle.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene ze igciwane le-macro okungathinta amakhompyutha ngezindlela ezahlukene. Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu igciwane elizibulalayo, eliphindaphinda ngokushesha futhi lisakaze ngama-macros afihliwe kumadokhumenti abiwe kunethiwekhi noma athunyelwe nge-imeyili. Lawa magciwane angalimaza noma asuse amafayela abalulekile,⁣ abangele ukuphahlazeka kwesistimu⁣ futhi avumele nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kulwazi olubucayi.

Ukuze uzivikele igciwane le-macro, kuyancomeka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha. Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe lapho uvula okunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili noma ulanda amadokhumenti emithonjeni engathembekile. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesofthiwe yakamuva ye-antivirus futhi uskena njalo⁤ amadokhumenti angenayo. Kuyanconywa futhi ukukhubaza ama-macros ezinhlelweni ze-Microsoft Office, ngaphandle uma kunesidingo, ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, unganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba yisisulu salezi zinhlelo ezinonya.

9. I-Adware ⁢ I-Adware iwuhlobo lwegciwane lekhompyutha elibonisa izikhangiso ezingafuneki futhi liqoqa ulwazi mayelana nemikhuba yokuphequlula yomsebenzisi.

I-Adware wuhlobo lwegciwane lekhompyutha elingabangela ukucasuka nokukhungatheka kubasebenzisi bekhompyutha. Lolu hlobo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lubonakala ngokubonisa izikhangiso ezingafuneki ngendlela yezigelekeqe, izibhengezo noma amawindi azivelelayo ngenkathi upheqa i-inthanethi. Umgomo oyinhloko we-⁢adware ukukhiqiza imali engenayo yokukhangisa ngokuphromotha imikhiqizo engacelwanga noma amasevisi. Kodwa-ke, ingase futhi iqoqe ulwazi mayelana nemikhuba yokuphequlula yomsebenzisi, ebeka engcupheni ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka komuntu othintekayo.

Enye yezingozi ezinkulu ze-adware ⁢ukuthi idla izinsiza zesistimu, yehlisa ukusebenza kwekhompuyutha futhi yehlise nokusabela kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona njalo kwezikhangiso ezingaceliwe kungase kucasule kakhulu futhi kuphazamise umuzwa wokuphequlula. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-adware ingafakwa ngaphandle kolwazi noma imvume yomsebenzisi, kusizakala ngokuba sengozini ohlelweni noma ngokudawuniloda ngokungenhloso isofthiwe okungenzeka ayiphephile.

Ukuze uzivikele ku-adware, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nohlelo oluhle, olwakamuva lwe-antivirus kanye nohlelo lokulwa ne-malware. Lawa mathuluzi angathola futhi asuse i-adware ngempumelelo, ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwayo nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwekhompyutha. Kuphinde kunconywe ukugwema ukulanda isofthiwe emithonjeni engaziwa noma esolisayo, kanye nokugcina izinhlelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zivuselelwe ukuze kugwenywe ubungozi obungaba khona. Ngamafuphi, ukuqaphela nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ku-inthanethi kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuzivikela ku-adware nezinye izinhlobo zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.

10. Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi ⁤isu lokukhohlisa elisetshenziswa izigebengu ze-inthanethi ukuze zithole ulwazi lomuntu siqu kanye nezezimali kubasebenzisi.

1. Ukwelapha ngemithi

   ⁢ Ukwenza i-Pharming kuwuhlobo lokuhlasela kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi olusekelwe⁤ ekuqondiseni kabusha⁢ umsebenzisi kuwebhusayithi mbumbulu ngaphandle kolwazi lwakhe, ngoshintsho kuzinhlelo ze-DNS (isistimu yegama lesizinda). Kulolu hlobo lokuhlasela, isigebengu se-inthanethi sifuna ukuthola ulwazi oluyimfihlo, olufana namagama-mfihlo noma imininingwane yasebhange, ngokukhohlisa umsebenzisi ukuthi afake idatha yakhe kusayithi lomgunyathi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela futhi uqinisekise ubuqiniso bamawebhusayithi ngaphambi kokunikeza noma yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwezezimali.

2. Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi nge-imeyili

   Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi nge-imeyili bungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuhlasela. Kuqukethe ukuthumela ama-imeyili amakhulu mbumbulu abonakala sengathi avela ezinkampanini ezisemthethweni, njengamabhange noma izitolo ze-inthanethi ezaziwayo. Lawa ma-imeyili ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izixhumanisi ezinonya noma izinanyathiselwa okuthi, lapho zichofozwa noma zilandwa, zingathelela ikhompuyutha yomsebenzisi ngohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha noma zimqondise kuwebhusayithi engamanga ukuze kwebe idatha yakhe. ⁢Kubalulekile ukuqapha lapho uvula ama-imeyili avela kubathumeli abangaziwa noma abasolisayo⁢ futhi ugweme ukunikeza ulwazi olubucayi ngalezi zindlela.

3. Ukushaqeka

   ⁣ I-Smishing ihlukile kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi okusebenzisa imilayezo yombhalo ⁢(SMS) ukuzama ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zithumela imilayezo yombhalo engelona iqiniso noma ebonakala isemthethweni ngenjongo yokuthola ulwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwezezimali. Le milayezo ingase ibe nezixhumanisi eziyingozi noma icele impendulo yomsebenzisi ngedatha ebucayi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amabhizinisi asemthethweni, njengamabhange, awasoze acela ulwazi olubucayi ngemilayezo yombhalo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqapha futhi ungalokothi unikeze idatha yomuntu siqu noma yezezimali ngale ndlela.