Emhlabeni othokozisayo wobuciko besimanje, sihlangabezana nezinhlobonhlobo zezici, ukunyakaza kanye namaciko ashiye uphawu olubalulekile endaweni yobuciko besimanje. Selokhu bavela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ubuciko besimanje buye baba nezinguquko ezinkulu futhi babekela inselele imihlangano esunguliwe, enikeza indlela entsha nendlela yokubonisa ubuciko. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izici ezihlukile zobuciko besimanje, ukunyakaza okukuchazile, kanye namanye amaciko anethonya kakhulu kulesi sikhathi esithakazelisayo. Lungiselela ukungena emhlabeni wokuqanjwa kabusha kobuciko kanye nokudiliza izithiyo zobuhle.
1. Isingeniso Sobuciko Besimanje: Incazelo kanye Nomongo Womlando
Ubuciko besimanje umnyakazo wobuciko owavela phakathi nekhulu le-19 kuya cishe phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwenzeka izinguquko ezibalulekile endleleni ubuciko obuqondwa ngayo futhi obumelwe ngayo. Kwakuyisikhathi sokuhlola, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokwenqatshwa kwezinkambiso ezimisiwe. Ubuciko besimanje bubonakala ngokugcizelela kokwangempela, ukuvezwa komuntu siqu kanye nokusesha izinhlobo ezintsha zokumelela okubukwayo.
Umongo womlando wobuciko besimanje ubalulekile ukuze uqonde incazelo kanye negalelo lakho emkhakheni wezobuciko. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinguquko eziphawulekayo zezenhlalo nezomnotho, ezombusazwe kanye namasiko zenzeka ezathonya ubuciko kanye nendlela eyakhulelwa ngayo. INguquko Yezimboni kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ibe nomthelela omkhulu emphakathini futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ezinhlotsheni zendalo yobuciko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izehlakalo zomlando njengezimpi zomhlaba, ukuhwebelana kwezimboni kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke nakho kwashiya uphawu lwakho kwezobuciko besimanje.
Ngalo mqondo, ubuciko besimanje bubonakala ngokuhlukahluka nokuhlukahluka. Kwavela ukunyakaza okuhlukahlukene kobuciko okufana ne-impressionism, cubism, expressionism kanye ne-surrealism, phakathi kokunye. Ngayinye yalokhu kunyakaza ihlukaniswa ngesitayela sayo esiyingqayizivele, amasu nendlela yetimu. Ubuciko besimanje abukhawulelwe ohlotsheni olulodwa lokubonisa, kodwa buhlanganisa uchungechunge lwemidiya ehlanganisa ukudweba, ukubaza, izakhiwo, imidwebo yezithombe, izithombe kanye nefilimu. [1]
2. Izici Zobuciko Besimanje: Ukuqamba kanye Nokuhlola
Ezobuciko besimanje, ukusungula kanye nokuhlola kuyizici ezibalulekile ezichaza lo mnyakazo wobuciko. Amaciko esimanje asuka kumasu nezitayela zendabuko ukuze ahlole izindlela ezintsha zokukhuluma futhi ahlukane nezimiso ezimisiwe. Imisebenzi yakhe ibonakala ngokusuka kwayo, ubuciko kanye nokufuna njalo imibono emisha nezindlela.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zobuciko besimanje ukusha ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto kanye namasu. Amaciko azame ngezinto ezingajwayelekile, njengepulasitiki, izinsimbi nemikhiqizo yezimboni, ukudala umsebenzi wakhe. Baphinde bahlola amasu amasha nezitayela, njengekholaji, ukuhlanganisa kanye nobuciko obungabonakali. Lokhu okuqanjwa kabusha kuvunyelwe kubaculi ezesimanje zidlula imikhawulo yendabuko yobuciko futhi zidale imisebenzi eyingqayizivele ne-avant-garde.
Ngaphezu kokusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha namasu, ubuciko besimanje bubonakala ngokuhlola ukumelela iqiniso. Abadwebi banamuhla abazange bakhawule ekukhiqizeni iqiniso ngokwethembeka, kodwa kunalokho bafuna izindlela ezintsha zokuyimela futhi badlulisele imibono yabo. Basebenzise umbala, umumo, umbono kanye nezinye izakhi ezibukwayo ngendlela engajwayelekile, okwenza kube nemisebenzi engabonakali, engokomfanekiso noma esebenza nge-surreal. Lokhu kuhlolwa okufanekiselwa okungokoqobo kwavumela amaciko esimanje ukuthi ahlole imiqondo emisha futhi adlulisele imizwa nolwazi ngendlela ecabangelayo.
Kafushane, ubuciko besimanje bubonakala ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwezinto, amasu kanye nokumelela okungokoqobo. Amaciko anamuhla aphule imihlangano futhi ahlola izindlela ezintsha zokukhuluma nokuxhumana. Ukufuna kwabo njalo okwangempela kanye nokudala kwabenza basungula imisebenzi eyingqayizivele neguquguqukayo. Ubuciko besimanje buqhubeka bunethonya elibalulekile emhlabeni yobuciko bamanje, futhi ifa lakhe lihlala liwumthombo wogqozi ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
3. Ukunyakaza Kwezobuciko Zanamuhla: Uhlolojikelele
4. I-Cubism: Izimpawu kanye Nabamele Abakhulu
ICubism kwakuyinhlangano yobuciko eyasungulwa ngekhulu lama-1907, ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka-1914 no-XNUMX. Kwakungenye yezinhlangano eziguquguqukayo kakhulu. emlandweni yobuciko, njengoba yahlukana nezimiso zendabuko zokumelwa okubukwayo. I-Cubism ibonakala ngokugxila kwayo ekumeleleni ngesikhathi esisodwa amaphuzu amaningi okubuka kanye nokwakheka kwejometri, kunokumelela okungokoqobo.
Izici ezibalulekile zeCubism zihlanganisa ukumelwa okungabonakali komumo nezinto, ukusetshenziswa kwemibala eyisicaba namathoni, nokubola kobumo kube izingcezu zejiyomethri. Amaciko eCubist afune ukukhombisa okungokoqobo ngokwemibono ehlukene, akha kabusha izinto nezibalo ngezinhlobo ezintathu-ntathu kanye nezinhlangothi ezimbili. Ngokusebenzisa amasu anjengokuhlukaniswa kobumo kanye nokuphakama kwezindiza, ama-cubists akwazi ukudlulisa umuzwa wokunyakaza kanye nekhefu ngokumelela kwendabuko.
Phakathi kwabameleli abakhulu beCubism nguPablo Picasso noGeorges Braque. U-Picasso uthathwa njengomunye wabasunguli beCubism futhi umsebenzi wakhe othi "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" ungomunye wemisebenzi evelele kakhulu yenhlangano. U-Braque yena, wabambisana eduze no-Picasso futhi ndawonye basungula lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-analytical cubism", ebonakala ngokuhlukana nokuhlaziywa kwamafomu. Abanye abameleli abavelele beCubism bahlanganisa uJuan Gris, uFernand Léger noRobert Delaunay.
5. I-Surrealism: Ukuhlola i-subconscious ku-Art
I-Surrealism umnyakazo wobuciko owasungulwa ngekhulu lama-20, obonakala ngokuhlola i-subconscious ngokumelelwa kwezithombe ezingenangqondo nezifana nephupho. Le nhlangano yabekela inselele izivumelwano zobuciko futhi yafuna ukukhulula amandla okudala e-subconscious. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola izici eziyinhloko ze-surrealism kanye nomthelela wayo kwezobuciko.
Esinye sezici ezihluke kakhulu ze-surrealism ukusebenzisa izakhi ezimangazayo ezihlanganiswe ngendlela engenangqondo. Amaciko e-Surrealist afune ukuveza izigcawu ezingahambisani nomqondo neqiniso, okudala ukungezwani phakathi kokunengqondo nokungenangqondo. Lokhu kungabonakala emisebenzini edumile efana neka-Salvador Dalí ethi "The Persistence of Memory", lapho amawashi ancibilikayo eveza umuzwa wesikhathi esiwuketshezi kanye nokungapheleli kweqiniso.
I-Surrealism iphinde ihlanganise ubuciko obuzenzakalelayo, lapho umuntu efuna ukuveza ngaphandle kokungenelela okuqaphelayo noma ngamabomu. Amaciko e-Surrealist ahlole amasu afana nokudweba okuzenzakalelayo nokubhala okuzenzakalelayo ukuze akhulule ukugeleza kwemicabango nemizwelo kusukela kokungazi lutho. Lolu hlobo lokudalwa okuzenzakalelayo lwavumela umdwebi ukuthi afinyelele amaphupho nezifiso zakhe ezijulile, enze imisebenzi egcwele izimpawu kanye nencazelo yomuntu siqu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-surrealism ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-cinema nezincwadi. Abaqondisi nababhali abaningi bamukele imigomo ye-surrealism ukuze bahlole iqiniso elingaphansi kokwazi kanye nokuguquliwe. Amafilimu afana nethi "Inja Yase-Andalusi" ka-Luis Buñuel kanye nethi "Ingelosi Eqothulayo", nayo ka-Buñuel, abonisa izici ze-surreal, njengengxube yezithombe ezididayo kanye nokulandisa okungewona umugqa. Ezincwadini, ababhali abanjengo-André Breton kanye noRené Magritte bahlole amandla wamagama nezithombe ukuze baveze amandla okudala futhi babuze izivumelwano zomphakathi nezamasiko.
Ngamafuphi, i-surrealism ingumnyakazo wobuciko ohlola i-subconscious ngezithombe ezingenangqondo nezifana nephupho. Izici zayo zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa okungenangqondo kwezakhi ezihlanganisiwe, ubuciko obuzenzakalelayo kanye nomthelela kumamuvi kanye nezincwadi. I-Surrealism iqhubekile nokuba nomthelela kwezobuciko besimanje futhi ihlala iyindlela enamandla yokukhuluma ngobuciko. Ukuhlola izingxenye ezijulile zomqondo womuntu nokubathwebula emisebenzini yobuciko kube umgomo oyinhloko wabaculi abaningi be-surrealist, futhi ifa labo liyaqhubeka nokumangaza nokubekela inselele izivumelwano zobuciko.
6. Expressionism: Imizwelo kanye Ukuhlanekezela in Painting
I-Expressionism iyinhlangano yobuciko eyavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 futhi yayibonakala ngokuveza imizwa nemizwa ngokuhlanekezelwa kobumo nemibala ekudwebeni. Amaciko e-Expressionist afune ukudlulisa imizwa yawo nolwazi lwabantu ngendlela ecabangelayo neyomuntu siqu.
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-expressionism ukushuba kwemizwa kanye nokubonakaliswa kokuzithoba. Amaciko asebenzise imibala eqinile, ehlukile ukuze amelele ukungezwani nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphendukela ekuhlanekeni kwamafomu ukuze bamele izwe langaphakathi lomdwebi futhi bahlole imiqondo efana nokwesaba, isizungu, ukuhlupheka kanye nobuhlungu obukhona.
Abanye babadwebi abanethonya elikhulu phakathi kwenhlangano ye-Expressionist bahlanganisa u-Edvard Munch, uVincent van Gogh, no-Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Lawa maciko asebenzise ama-brushstroke anamandla, ashukumisayo ukuze adlulisele ukushuba kwemizwa yemisebenzi yawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphendukela ekulimazeni nasekuguquleni isimo somuntu kanye nezindawo ukuze baveze imizwa yabo.
Kafushane, i-expressionism ingumnyakazo wobuciko obonakala ngokumelela okuphathekayo nokungokomzwelo ngokuhlanekezelwa kobumo nemibala ekudwebeni. Amaciko e-Expressionist afune ukudlulisa imizwa yawo kanye nolwazi lwabantu ngendlela eqondene nomuntu siqu nencike kakhulu. Basebenzise imibala eqinile, ephikisanayo, kanye nokuhlanekezelwa kobumo, ukuveza imizwelo ejulile nemiqondo ekhona. Lo mnyakazo ushiye umthelela ohlala njalo emhlabeni wezobuciko futhi ube nomthelela kumaciko amaningi alandelayo kanye nomnyakazo.
7. I-Constructivism: I-Geometry kanye ne-Abstraction ku-Art
I-Constructivism iyinhlangano yobuciko namasiko eyasungulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Yavela eRussia futhi yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kobuciko besimanje. Esinye sezici ezihlukile ze-constructivism inhlanganisela yejometri kanye ne-abstraction kwezobuciko.
Ijiyomethri isetshenziswa abaculi be-constructivist ukuze bakhe izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezakhiwo. Le ndlela isekelwe embonweni wokuthi isimo nesakhiwo yizici ezibalulekile ekuqanjweni kobuciko. Amaciko e-Constructivist ahlola ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye namathuba e-geometry emisebenzini yawo, esebenzisa imigqa, izindiza namavolumu ukuze enze imiphumela yokubuka emangalisayo.
I-Abstract, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyisici esibalulekile kubuciko be-constructivist. Amaciko akha imisebenzi yawo ngokwenza lula nokunciphisa amafomu abe yizinto zawo ezibalulekile. I-Abstraction ivumela amaciko ukuthi enze imisebenzi edlulisa imibono nemizwa ngaphandle kokuthembela ekumeleleni okungokoqobo. Esikhundleni sokukhiqiza kabusha isithombe esithembekile seqiniso, abaculi be-constructivist bafuna ukudlulisa umlayezo noma umbono ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yomumo nemibala.
8. I-Dadaism: Ukungahloniphi Njengendlela Yokubhikisha
I-Dadaism, inhlangano yobuciko nemibhalo eyavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, yayibonakala ngokungahloniphi nomoya wayo wokuhlubuka njengendlela yokubhikishela umphakathi kanye nezivumelwano ezimisiwe. Lokhu kunyakaza kwe-avant-garde, okuvela eZurich, eSwitzerland, ngesikhathi iMpi Yezwe yokuqala, yazama ukuhlukana nemikhuba futhi yakha ulimi olusha lobuciko olusekelwe ekuzenzekeni nasekuvukeleni.
I-Dadaism yazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokukhuluma, njengezinkondlo, imidwebo, imidwebo, ikholaji nokusebenza. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko kwakuwukungabaza ubuciko bendabuko kanye nokucabanga okunengqondo, ngokudala imisebenzi engenangqondo, eshaqisayo nevusa inkanuko. Ngalokhu kubonakaliswa, amaDadaists afuna ukubekela inselele izinhlaka zenhlalo nezombusazwe yangaleso sikhathi, kanye nokuhleka usulu imihlangano yobuciko esunguliwe.
Ukuze kufezwe le njongo, amaDadaists asebenzisa izinsiza ezihlukahlukene, njengokufakwa kwezinto zansuku zonke emisebenzini yabo, ukusetshenziswa kwamasu angahleliwe, nokusetshenziswa kwamahlaya nokuhlekisa. Lawa maqhinga aholele ekwakhiweni kwemisebenzi ephazamisayo ebekela inselele imithetho nokulindelwe kwezobuciko bendabuko, ngaleyo ndlela edale ukusabela okushaqisayo emphakathini nakubagxeki. I-Dadaism, naphezu kokuba khona kwayo isikhashana, yashiya umthelela omkhulu kwezobuciko futhi yabeka izisekelo zemisinga eminingi yobuciko eyalandela.
9. Abadwebi Abadumile Bobuciko Besimanje: U-Picasso no-Dalí
Emhlabeni wobuciko besimanje, abadwebi ababili abavelele uPicasso noDalí. Womabili amaciko ashiye ifa elingenakucimeka emlandweni wezobuciko futhi aguqule indlela esibona ngayo umhlaba ngemisebenzi yawo.
UPablo Picasso, owazalwa eSpain ngo-1881, uthathwa njengomunye wabasunguli benhlangano yamaCubist. Isitayela sakhe esiyingqayizivele nese-avant-garde sahlukana nemihlangano yobuciko yesikhathi sakhe. Imisebenzi yakhe efana ne-"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" nethi "Guernica" iyizithombe zobuciko besimanje futhi ibonisa ikhono lakhe lokumela iqiniso ngendlela emisha nengabonakali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uSalvador Dalí, owazalwa ngo-1904 eSpain, wagqama ngesitayela sakhe se-surrealist. Imidwebo yakhe, njengokuthi “Ukuphikelela Kwenkumbulo,” yaziwa ngokumelela okufana nephupho nokusebenzisa izithombe ezimangalisayo nezingokomfanekiso. U-Dalí wazama amasu nezinto ezihlukile, enza isitayela esiyingqayizivele esamenza waba omunye wabadwebi abanethonya elikhulu ekhulwini lama-XNUMX.
10. Izithombe Eziqoshiwe Zesimanje: Izinto Ezintsha kanye Namasu
Emdwebeni wesimanjemanje, abadwebi bahlole futhi basebenzise inhlobonhlobo yezinto ezintsha namasu ukuze benze imisebenzi yobuciko eyingqayizivele nevezayo. Lezi zinketho ezintsha zivumele abaqophi ukuthi baphonsele inselelo imingcele evamile futhi bahlole amafomu amasha nemiqondo yokudala.
Phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqoshweni kwesimanje kukhona insimbi, ingilazi, inhlaka, izitsha zobumba nepulasitiki. Lezi zinto zinikeza izici ezihlukahlukene zomzimba nezobuhle, okuvumela abadwebi ukuthi badlale ngokukhanya, umbala, ukuthungwa kanye nokuma emifanekisweni yabo. Ukwengeza, amasu amasha anjengokuphrinta kwe-3D nokumodela kwedijithali aguqule inqubo yokudala izithombe eziqoshiwe, anikeza amaciko amandla okudala amafomu ayinkimbinkimbi, anemininingwane enemba elikhulu.
Ezinye zezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqoshweni kwesimanje zihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa, ukushisela, ukubumba, ukubaza, nokulingisa. Ngokuhlangana, abadwebi bangahlanganisa izinto ezahlukene ukuze benze umsebenzi omusha wobuciko, kuyilapho ukushisela kusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izingcezu zensimbi. Ukubumba kuvumela abaqophi ukuba balolonge izinto ezivumelana nezimo njengobumba noma inhlaka, futhi ukubaza kusetshenziselwa ukuqopha izinto eziqinile njengokhuni noma itshe. Okokugcina, ukubunjwa kuyindlela ehlanganisa ukuthela uketshezi oluwuketshezi, njengensimbi noma ingilazi, esikhunjeni ukuze kwakhiwe umfanekiso oqoshiwe.
11. Izakhiwo Zesimanjemanje: Ukusebenza Nesitayela Samazwe Ngamazwe
, bekulokhu kuwumkhuba ohamba phambili ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Lo mkhuba ubonakala ngokugxila kwawo ekusebenzeni, ubulula kanye nokwakhiwa okusekelwe kumasu esimanje kanye nezinto ezintsha. Isitayela Samazwe Ngamazwe sesiphenduke uphawu lwamadolobha amaningi emhlabeni jikelele futhi sishiye uphawu oluhlala njalo emlandweni wezokwakha.
Izakhiwo zesimanje zisekelwe esimisweni sokuthi ifomu lilandela umsebenzi. Igxile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezisebenzayo nezisebenza kahle, zisebenzisa ngokugcwele indawo etholakalayo. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, abaklami bezakhiwo besimanje bacabangela izici eziningi, njengezidingo nezimfuno zeklayenti, indawo ebonakalayo, isabelomali kanye nezingqinamba zezinto ezibonakalayo.
Isitayela samazwe ngamazwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sibonakala ngobuhle baso obuncane futhi sigxile ku-geometry nemigqa eqondile. Izakhiwo eziklanywe ngalesi sitayela ngokuvamile zifaka ingilazi, ukhonkolo kanye nama-facade ensimbi, futhi zisebenzisa amawindi amakhulu ukukhulisa ukungena kokukhanya kwemvelo. Ukwengeza, izakhiwo zesimanje zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nezindlela zokwakha, njengezinhlelo ezisebenzayo ze-HVAC, izinto ezisimeme, nezindlela zokwakha ezinobungani nemvelo. Ngokuhlanganisa ukusebenza nesitayela sobuhle esihlukile, izakhiwo zesimanje zishiye uphawu olungenakucimeka emhlabeni wokwakha.
Kafushane, izakhiwo zesimanjemanje nesitayela samazwe ngamazwe amathrendi ezakhiwo agxile ekusebenzeni, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nobuhle obuncane. Lezi zitayela zibe nomthelela endleleni izakhiwo eziklanywa futhi ezakhiwe ngayo emhlabeni wonke, futhi ziyaqhubeka nokuba umthombo wogqozi kubadwebi bezakhiwo besimanje. Kulabo abanentshisekelo yokuklama kwezakhiwo, bajwayelane nezimiso nezici zalezi zitayela kungaba wusizo njengesisekelo sokudala amaphrojekthi amasha futhi afanele emhlabeni wanamuhla.
12. I-Abstract Art: Ukuhlukana Nokumelela Okungokoqobo
I-Abstract Art iyinhlangano yobuciko ehlukana nokumelwa okungokoqobo kwezinto futhi ifuna ukuveza imizwelo nemiqondo ngokusebenzisa izimo ezingabonakali, imibala kanye nemigqa. Lesi sitayela sobuciko saqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 futhi sibe nomthelela omkhulu emlandweni wobuciko.
Ngobuciko obungabonakali, inhloso akukhona ukumela iqiniso njengoba linjalo, kodwa kunalokho ukuhlola izinhlobo ezintsha zokumelela kanye nokuxhumana okubukwayo. Le ndlela isekelwe embonweni wokuthi ubuciko bungakwazi ukuzimela futhi akudingekile ukuba buncike eqinisweni ukuze bube nencazelo ejulile. Umumo ongabonakali nemibala ingavusa imizwa kusibukeli futhi ibavumele ukuthi babe nobuciko ngendlela yomuntu ngamunye futhi egxile kakhulu.
Ukuze bakhe ubuciko obungabonakali, abadwebi bangazama amasu nezinto zokwakha ezahlukene, kusukela ekudwebeni kwamafutha kuya ekuqoshweni nasekufakweni. Abanye abaculi abadumile abangaziwa bahlanganisa u-Wassily Kandinsky, u-Piet Mondrian no-Jackson Pollock. Ngemisebenzi yabo, laba baculi baye bahlola ubudlelwano phakathi komumo, imibala kanye nemigqa, benza izingoma ezingabonakali ezibekela inselele izivumelwano zobuciko ezivamile.
Ngamafuphi, ubuciko obungabonakali buhlukana nokumelwa okungokoqobo ngokufuna izindlela ezintsha zokukhuluma nokuxhumana okubukwayo kusetshenziswa imimo engabonakali, imibala, nemigqa. Le nhlangano yezobuciko ibe nomthelela emlandweni wobuciko futhi ivumela ababukeli ukuthi babe nobuciko ngendlela yomuntu ngamunye futhi egxile kakhulu. Ngokuhlola ngamasu ahlukene nezinto zokwakha, amaciko angabonakali asungule izingoma ezintsha ezibekela inselele izimiso zobuciko bendabuko.
13. Izithombe Kubuciko Besimanje: Ukuthwebula Isikhathi
Ukuthwebula Ngobuciko Besimanje kuguqule indlela esithwebula ngayo futhi sabelane ngayo ngezithombe. Kulokhu ubudala bedijithali, abaculi bamukele ukuthwebula izithombe njengethuluzi lokuveza umbono wabo wokudala nokuhlola amathuba amasha.
Ukuthwebula izithombe kukuvumela ukuthi uthwebule isikhathi ngendlela ehlukile, isikhathi esiqandayo esithombeni esisodwa ekwazi ukudlulisa imizwa nokuxoxa izindaba. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje buye benza intando yeningi ukufinyelela ezithombeni, okuvumela noma ubani ukuthi abe umthwebuli wezithombe futhi adale imisebenzi yobuciko eyingqayizivele.
Kubuciko besimanje, ukuthwebula izithombe kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izindikimba ezinjengobunikazi, ubulili, ubukoloni kanye nepolitiki, phakathi kokunye. Amaciko azama ngamasu nezitayela ezahlukene zezithombe ukuze adlulisele umlayezo wawo ngendlela enomthelela futhi ephumelelayo. Basebenzisa izakhi ezifana nokwakheka, ukukhanya nokukhohlisa kwedijithali ukuze bakhe izithombe eziheha umbukeli futhi zibameme ukuba babonise. Ukuthwebula izithombe kwezobuciko besimanje sekuyithuluzi elinamandla lokuvusa imizwa, ukuqwashisa umphakathi kanye nokudlulisa imibono ngale kwamagama abhaliwe.
14. Ifa Lobuciko Besimanje: Ithonya kanye Nokufaneleka Kwamanje
Ifa lobuciko besimanje libaluleke kakhulu futhi libalulekile okwamanjeKuyo yonke indawo yomlando, ubuciko besimanje bushiye uphawu olujulile emphakathini futhi buye bathonya abaculi abaningi kanye nokunyakaza kobuciko. Umthelela wawo ungabonakala ekudwebeni nasekuqopheni, kanye nasekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, ekuklanyweni kwezithombe nakwezemfashini.
Elinye lamathonya amakhulu obuciko besimanje kube yikhono layo lokuhlukana nezimiso zendabuko futhi lihlole izinhlobo ezintsha zokubonisa ubuciko. Abaculi besimanje baye babekela inselele izindinganiso ezimisiwe, bezama amasu ahlukene, izitayela nezinto zokwakha. Lokhu kuye kwavumela ukuvela kwemisinga emisha yobuciko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kolimi olubonakalayo oluyingqayizivele.
Kuze kube yilolu suku, ifa lobuciko besimanje liyaqhubeka lifaneleka futhi libe nomthelela emkhakheni wezobuciko. Amaciko esimanje agqugquzelwa ubuciko besimanje ukuze bakhe imisebenzi emisha nephusile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnyakazo wamanje wobuciko ufuna ukuqhubeka nemibono nokuhlola okuqalwe ngabaculi besimanje. Ngokunjalo, ubuciko besimanje buyaqhubeka buyinto yokufunda nokuhlaziya emkhakheni wezemfundo, futhi buthathwa njengendawo eyinkomba yokuqonda ukuvela kobuciko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngamafuphi, ubuciko besimanje buphawuleka ngemvelo yabo yokuhlola, inkululeko yabo emikhawulweni yendabuko, kanye nokugxila kwabo ekukhulumeni komuntu ngamunye. Ukunyakaza kobuciko kwekhulu lama-20 kushiye uphawu olungacimeki emlandweni wobuciko, kwethula izinhlobo ezintsha zokumelela, imiqondo eguquguqukayo kanye nokuvela kwamasu nezinto zokwakha. Ukusuka ku-Impressionism kuya ku-Surrealism, i-Dadaism kanye neCubism, ukunyakaza ngakunye kube nomthelela endaweni yobuciko besimanje enezici ezihlukile kanye nombono oqanjiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadwebi besimanje baphonsele inselelo ama-canon asunguliwe, bahlola izihloko ezingavumelekile futhi banikeze ukugxekwa kwezenhlalo namasiko. Ngamafuphi, ubuciko besimanje buyifasitela lomqondo wokudala nesiphithiphithi womuntu, lapho amasu kanye nemizwelo kuhlangana khona, kukhiqizele umbukeli umuzwa oyingqayizivele.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.