I-Post-Quantum Cybersecurity: Inselele Yedijithali Esikhathini Se-Quantum

Ukuphepha kwedijithali kunesikhathi esibalulekile namuhla. Ukufika kwemibono emisha yezobuchwepheshe kuletha izinselele ezinkulu: ukubala kwe-quantum, ngamandla ayo okucubungula asabekayo, isongela ngokuqhumisa imodeli yamanje yokuvikela. ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kwangemva kwe-quantum Kuyisixazululo esizodinga ukuba sibe naso esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Mhlawumbe kwabaningi kuzwakala njengenganekwane yesayensi, kodwa izinkampani, ohulumeni, nezikhungo zocwaningo emhlabeni wonke bebelindele ukuvela kwe-quantum computing iminyaka, nokuthi lokhu kuzosho ukuthini kubumfihlo bethu bedijithali nokuvikeleka. I-post-quantum cryptography ingaba umugqa wempilo wakusasa.Sizokutshela ukuthi ihlanganisani nokuthi ziyini izinselelo zayo.

I-quantum jump eshintsha imithetho yomdlalo

Wonke umgogodla wokuvikeleka kwedijithali kwamanje usekelwe ezinkingeni zezibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.Isibonelo, ukuthembeka kwamasistimu afana nokubethela kwe-RSA noma ukushintshaniswa kokhiye we-Diffie-Hellman kuncike ekungenzeki okungokoqobo kwamakhompuyutha wakudala ukuthi afake izinombolo ezinkulu noma axazulule i-logarithm ecacile ngezikhathi ezifanele. Ngakho-ke, abaduni kufanele batshale inani elingenangqondo lezinsiza ukuze baphule lawa ma-ciphers.

Kodwa ngo-1994, uPeter Shor wethula udumo lwakhe i-algorithm ye-quantumLe algorithm ibonise ukuthi, ngekhompyutha ye-quantum enamandla ngokwanele, Kungenzeka ukuthi ulinganise izinombolo futhi uphule ukubethela kwamanje esikhathini esingamahora noma imizuzu.. Isizathu? Amakhompiyutha e-Quantum awalandeli imithetho efanayo namakhompiyutha avamile: ngenxa yezenzakalo ezinjengokubekelwa phezulu kanye nokubambeka, angahlasela lezi zinkinga ngezindlela ezintsha ngokuphelele nezisheshayo.

Futhi akuzona intuthuko efana ne- I-algorithm kaGrover, esheshisa ukuhlaselwa kwamasistimu okhiye we-symmetric afana I-AESUmthelela lapha awubalulekile kangako, kodwa usuvele udinga ukuphinda kabili usayizi wokhiye ukuze kugcinwe ukuphepha okulinganayo kumongo we-quantum.

Izinhlangano ezisezingeni, ezivela ku I-NIST yaseMelika ezinhlanganweni zaseYurophu, ziye zahlaba umkhosi: Kufanele silungiselele MANJE umhlaba lapho i-quantum computing ingokoqobo kwezohwebo..

Yini ngempela i-post-quantum cybersecurity?

La i-cryptography noma i-post-quantum cybersecurity (noma i-PQC) ihlanganisa isethi yamasu nama-algorithms aklanyelwe ukumelana nokuhlaselwa hhayi kuphela kusuka kumakhompyutha wakudala, kodwa futhi kusukela kumakhompyutha we-quantum wesikhathi esizayo. Inhloso yawo ukuQinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kanye nobuqiniso bolwazi, noma ngabe i-quantum computing iba yinto esebenzayo futhi ethengekayo.

Kafushane: Izinhlelo ze-PQC zithembele ezinkingeni zezibalo okuthi, ngokolwazi lwamanje, zizohlala zinzima ngisho nasemishinini ye-quantum.Akukhona nje ukukhulisa osayizi abakhulu noma ukwenza "okufanayo"; sikhuluma ngezindlela ezehlukene kakhulu lapha.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe namuhla, kusukela kumanethiwekhi amabhange kuya ekuxhumaneni komuntu siqu, kuzodingeka zifuduke futhi Hlanganisa ama-algorithms wokushintshanisa ngokhiye, ukubethela, kanye namasignesha edijithali angemuva kwe-quantumUkweqa kwezobuchwepheshe nokokusebenza kwezilinganiso ezinkulu kakhulu.

Izinhlobo nemindeni yama-algorithms we-post-quantum

Esinye sezici ezithakazelisa kakhulu neziyinkimbinkimbi ze-post-quantum cybersecurity izinhlobonhlobo zama-algorithms nezisekelo zawo zethiyori:

• I-cryptography esekwe kwi-lattice: Isebenzisa ubunzima bokuthola ama-vector amafushane ezakhiweni zezibalo ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ama-algorithms anjalo AMAKHRISTALI-Kyber y AMAKHRISTALI-I-Dilithium zisekelwe kulolu hlelo.
• I-cryptography esekwe ngekhodi: Isekelwe ebunzimeni bokucacisa amakhodi alayini.
• I-cryptography esekwe ku-Isogeny: Ukuvikeleka kwayo kuvela ekutholeni amamephu phakathi kwamajika ayi-elliptic.
• I-Cryptography esekelwe kuma-multivariate equations: Isebenzisa amasistimu ezibalo ze-polynomial ezinokuguquguquka okuningi.
• I-cryptography esekelwe ekusebenzeni kwe-Hash: Isekelwe emisebenzini yohlobo lwe-SHA-3 yendlela eyodwa kanye nezakhiwo zesihlahla se-Merkle.

Yonke le mindeni ifuna ukuthi ukwephula ukubethela akunakwenzeka ngisho nangosizo lwekhompyutha ye-quantum.

Inselele yokuthutha yonke ingqalasizinda yedijithali

Ukuthuthela ku-post-quantum cybersecurity Akulona ushintsho olulula lwesoftware, futhi aluxazululwa ngobusuku obubodwa.Kubandakanya ukubuyekeza izivumelwano, amadivayisi, nawo wonke amasistimu ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenzisana nokusebenza kahle.

Phakathi kwezithiyo ezifanele kakhulu zobuchwepheshe nezenhlangano sithola:

• Usayizi omkhulu wokhiye namasignesha: Lokhu kungaholela ekuvinjweni kwesitoreji nesivinini, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi anomkhawulo wezinsiza.
• Isikhathi eside sekhompyuthaAmanye ama-algorithms we-post-quantum adinga amandla engeziwe, angavimbela amasistimu adinga izimpendulo zesikhathi sangempela.
• Usongo lwe-"Store Now, Decrypted later (SNDL)".Izigebengu ze-Cybercriminal zingaqoqa imininingwane ebethelwe namuhla futhi zizame ukukususa ukubethela eminyakeni embalwa kusukela manje, lapho zinamandla okwenza ikhompuyutha ye-quantum.
• Ukuhlanganiswa ezinhlelweni ezikhona: Ukulungisa izimiso eziyisisekelo ezifana ne-TLS, i-SSH, noma i-VPNs kudinga ukuhlolwa okubanzi kanye nezingxenyekazi eziningi zekhompuyutha nezibuyekezo zesofthiwe.

Njengokungathi lokho akwanele, ukufuduka kudinga ukubhekana nezinkinga ze ukubusa, ukuthobela imithetho kanye nokuba bukhali kwenhlanganoE-United States, isibonelo, izinhlangano zomphakathi sezivele zidingeka ukuthi zenze uhlu oluningiliziwe lwazo zonke izinhlelo zabo ze-cryptographic ukuze zibeke phambili uguquko, isilinganiso esiya ngokuya sisebenza emhlabeni jikelele.

Umjaho Wamazwe Ngamazwe: I-Geopolitics kanye Nekusasa Le-Cybersecurity

I-Quantum computing kanye ne-post-quantum cryptography sezivele ziyingxenye ye-ajenda yomhlaba wonke ye-geopolitical.I-United States ihola inqubo yokumiswa kanye nokufuduka emazingeni ezikhungo nezinkampani, kuyilapho i-China itshala imali eningi kubuchwepheshe be-quantum futhi ibhekana nesivinini sayo sokumiswa.

I-European Union, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isungule imigwaqo ecacile nokusebenzisana okuwela imingcele, njengokukhangisa I-Quantum Flagship kanye namaphrojekthi kazwelonke mayelana nokusabalalisa ukhiye we-quantum kanye ne-post-quantum cryptography.

Lo mjaho we-post-quantum cybersecurity awugcini nje ngokuxabanisa amazwe, kodwa futhi ubandakanya izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe, amalabhorethri, kanye neziqalo, ezisekelwa yizimali zomphakathi nezizimele. Isizwe noma inkampani ehola lolu shintsho izoba nenzuzo enkulu yokuncintisana mayelana nokuphepha kwezwe, umnotho wedijithali kanye nobuholi besayensi..

Izinhlangano zingasilungiselela kanjani iminyaka ye-quantum

Ukuthuthela kwezokuphepha zedijithali ezimelana ne-quantum kudinga isu, ukutshalwa kwezimali, nokuba bukhali. Yiziphi izinyathelo eziyisihluthulelo sokungasali emuva?

• Khomba futhi wenze ikhathalogi wonke amasistimu asebenzisa ukubethela kokhiye womphakathiNgokwazi kuphela ukuthi yini okudingeka ibuyekezwe ungakwazi ukubeka phambili ngendlela efanele.
• Sebenzisa amazinga amasha e-post-quantum cryptography anconywe i-NIST nezinye izinhlanganoKubalulekile ukuhlela kusenesikhathi, njengoba iwindi lenguquko lingase libe lifushane kunalokho obekulindelwe uma kuvela intuthuko engalindelekile.
• Sebenzisa isu lokubethela elihlukaniswe izingxenye futhi elinezingqimba, ehambisana nezindlela ezihlukene ze-cryptographic nokwenza ukuhlasela kube nzima kakhulu.
• Yenza ingqalasizinda ibe yesimanje futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amasistimu angathuthukiswa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza noma ukusebenza.
• Shintsha ukhiye nesitifiketi sokuphathwa nokuzungezisa ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuchayeka ezintweni ezingaba sengcupheni.
• Vikela ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa enhlanganweni, obufana nama-bot noma ama-ejenti obuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo.

Inselele yangempela ayikona nje kuphela kwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ku- ikhono lezinhlangano lokujwayela nokugcina ukubusa, ukuthobela imithetho, nokuqeqeshwa kwamaqembu azo ekuphakameni kwezinsongo ezintsha.

Ukuqamba okusha kuyaqhubeka nokusheshisa: ama-quantum chips kanye nokuphumelela okusha

I-quantum computing landscape iyaqhubeka nokuvela ngesivinini esididayo. Bheka nje izimemezelo zakamuva, njengokwethulwa kwe-quantum computing processor. I-Majorana 1 nge-Microsoft, noma i-Willow ye-Google, kokubili ngamakhono okuhlola kodwa ngokuya ngokusondela ekusebenziseni okungokoqobo.

Amathuba okukala amakhompiyutha e-quantum ayisewona nje ukuqagela, futhi zombili izinkampani zobuchwepheshe kanye nabaphathi bomphakathi kufanele basheshise ijubane labo ukuze bagweme ukusala ngemuva.

Ngokufanayo, i-China kanye ne-European Union nabo bakhuphule ukuthuthukiswa kwama-chips namanethiwekhi okhiye wokusabalalisa we-quantum, okukhombisa ukuthi ukuncintisana akugcini nje eSilicon Valley.

Ikusasa le-post-quantum cybersecurity livuleke kakhulu futhi liyinselele kunangaphambili.I-Quantum Computing izoletha intuthuko ephazamisayo emikhakheni eminingi, kodwa futhi isiphoqa ukuthi sicabange kabusha ngendlela esiluvikela ngayo ulwazi futhi siqinisekise ubumfihlo bedijithali. Ukutshala imali, ukuvuselela, nokuhlala ngaphambi kwejika akululeki nje kuphela: kubalulekile ukugwema ukusala ngemuva kunguquko enkulu elandelayo yezobuchwepheshe.