Ulazi Kanjani Iphasiwedi Yomakhalekhukhwini

Ulazi Kanjani Iphasiwedi kamakhalekhukhwini: Funda Izindlela Zobuchwepheshe Zokufinyelela Ulwazi

Esikhathini sedijithali Emhlabeni esiphila kuwo, amadivaysi eselula abe isandiso esibalulekile sempilo yethu yansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi kunesidingo sokwazi ukuthola ulwazi kumakhalekhukhwini lapho sibhekene nesimo sokukhohlwa iphasiwedi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuthola ulwazi ngomakhalekhukhwini kungabandakanya izibopho zomthetho nezokuziphatha.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukuze uvule umakhalekhukhwini futhi ufinyelele ekuqukethe. Kusukela kokuyisisekelo kakhulu kuye kwezithuthuke kakhulu, sizohlola amasu ochwepheshe emkhakheni we-cybersecurity nobunjiniyela besofthiwe abawasebenzisayo ukuxazulula lezi zinselele.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi le ndatshana ihloselwe ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi lokufundisa nokukhuthaza ukuqwashisa mayelana nokuphepha kwamadivayisi ethu eselula. Ukusetshenziswa kwalawa macebo emisebenzi engekho emthethweni noma eyingozi akukhuthazwa noma akusekelwe.

Uma kwenzeka uzithola usesimweni sokukhohlwa iphasiwedi yakho kusuka kuselula yakho futhi udinga ukufinyelela imininingwane yakho, sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda lesi sihloko. Uzofunda ngamathuluzi ezobuchwepheshe nezindlela ezingakusiza ukuthi uphinde uthole ukufinyelela ocingweni lwakho, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi usebenzisa lolu lwazi ngokuzibophezela nangokuziphatha.

1. Isingeniso sokuphepha kwephasiwedi kumadivayisi eselula

Namuhla, ukuphepha kwephasiwedi kumadivayisi eselula kuyisici esibalulekile sokuvikela ulwazi lwethu lomuntu siqu. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuxhumana okukhulayo kwamadivayisi kunwebise amathuba okufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kudatha yethu, yingakho kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwamaphasiwedi ethu.

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa nezindlela zokuqinisa ukuphepha kwamaphasiwedi ethu kumadivayisi eselula. Enye yezinqubo ezinconyiwe ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile, akhiwe inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izinombolo nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukugwema ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo avamile noma angabikezelwa, njengezinsuku zokuzalwa noma amagama okuqala.

Esinye isinyathelo sokuvikela esinconywayo ukunika amandla ukufakazela ubuqiniso izici ezimbili, okwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela kuphasiwedi yethu. Lesi sici sidinga ukuthi ngaphezu kokufaka iphasiwedi yakho, unikeze uhlobo lwesibili lokuqinisekisa, njengekhodi ethunyelwe nge-SMS noma ekhiqizwe uhlelo lokusebenza. Ngale ndlela, ngisho noma othile ethola iphasiwedi yethu, ngeke akwazi ukufinyelela kumadivayisi ethu eselula ngaphandle kwesici sesibili sokuqinisekisa.

2. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokubuyisa iphasiwedi yeselula

Kunezinhlobonhlobo uma kwenzeka ukhohlwe noma ulahlekelwe. Ngezansi ezinye izinketho ongazicabangela:

1. Ukusetha kabusha kwasekuqaleni: Lena enye yezindlela ezilula zokuthola kabusha ukufinyelela efonini ephathekayo uma ukhohlwe iphasiwedi. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le ndlela izosula yonke idatha nezilungiselelo kudivayisi, iyishiye esimweni sayo sasekuqaleni. Ukuze wenze ukusetha kabusha kwasekuqaleni, landela lezi zinyathelo:

• Qiniseka ukuthi umakhalekhukhwini wakho uvaliwe.
• Cindezela futhi ubambe izinkinobho zamandla nevolumu (zingehluka kuye ngemodeli yeselula) ngesikhathi esifanayo kuze kuvele uphawu lomkhiqizo.
• Uma uphawu luvela, khulula izinkinobho bese ulinda ukuthi kuvele imenyu yezinketho.
• Sebenzisa izinkinobho zevolumu ukuze uskrole kumenyu bese ukhetha inketho ethi "Setha kabusha njengasekuqaleni" noma okufanayo.
• Qinisekisa ukukhetha bese ulinda umakhalekhukhwini ukuthi uqalise kabusha.

2. Sebenzisa I-akhawunti ye-Google: Uma umakhalekhukhwini wakho usebenzisa i isistimu esebenzayo I-Android futhi uyilungisile i-akhawunti ye-Google, ungazama ukubuyisela iphasiwedi ngale nketho. Landela lezi zinyathelo:

• Ku- khiya isikrini, zama ukufaka iphasiwedi engalungile noma iphethini izikhathi ezimbalwa kuze kuvele inketho ethi “Ukhohlwe igama-mfihlo lakho?” noma okufanayo.
• Thepha kuleyo nketho futhi uzocelwa ukuthi ufake ikheli lakho le-imeyili le-Google nephasiwedi.
• Faka ulwazi oluvela ku- i-akhawunti yakho ye-Google ehlotshaniswa neselula bese ulandela imiyalelo esesikrinini ukuze usethe kabusha iphasiwedi.

3. Xhumana nomkhiqizi noma umhlinzeki wesevisi: Uma lezi zindlela ezingenhla zingasebenzi noma ungakwazi ukungena kumakhalekhukhwini, kungase kusize ukuxhumana nomkhiqizi noma umhlinzeki wesevisi. Bazokwazi ukukuqondisa ngenqubo yokutakula eqondene nemodeli yeselula yakho. Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza lonke ulwazi oludingekayo futhi ulandela izincomo abakunikeza zona.

3. Ukuhlola amasu obunjiniyela bezenhlalo ukuthola amaphasiwedi edivayisi yeselula

Ubunjiniyela bomphakathi, esimeni sokuvikeleka kwekhompuyutha, bubhekisela ekuphathweni kwengqondo kwabantu ukuze bathole ulwazi oluyimfihlo noma benze izenzo ezingagunyaziwe. Esimeni sokuthola amaphasiwedi edivayisi yeselula, abahlaseli basebenzisa amasu ahlukene wobunjiniyela bomphakathi ukuze bakhohlise abasebenzisi futhi bathole ukufinyelela kumadivayisi abo.

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, obuhlanganisa thumela imiyalezo Amanga abonakala sengathi avela ebhizinisini elithenjwayo, njengenkampani esemthethweni noma isevisi. Le milayezo ivamise ukuqukatha izixhumanisi ezinobungozi okuthi, uma zivulwa, ziqondise kabusha umsebenzisi ekhasini lewebhu elingelona iqiniso lapho ecelwa ukuthi afake iphasiwedi yakhe. Ngokwenza kanjalo, abahlaseli bangathwebula iphasiwedi futhi bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kudivayisi.

Enye indlela esetshenziswa kwezobunjiniyela bezenhlalo ukusetshenziswa kokuhlasela kwe-brute force. Kubandakanya ukuzama inhlanganisela yamaphasiwedi ahlukene uze uthole elungile. Abahlaseli bavamise ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ezenzakalelayo ehlola izinkulungwane zamaphasiwedi angaba khona ngesikhathi esifushane. Ukuze ugweme lokhu kuhlaselwa, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile ahlanganisa osonhlamvukazi, abancane, izinombolo nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Ukwengeza, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukufakazela ubuqiniso izici ezimbili, njengoba inikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha.

4. Amathuluzi athuthukile namasu asetshenziswa ekubuyiseleni iphasiwedi yeselula

Amasu athuthukile asetshenziswa ekubuyiseni iphasiwedi yeselula

Ukuthola amaphasiwedi omakhalekhukhwini kungaba inselele, ikakhulukazi uma abasebenzisi bekhohlwa noma belahlekelwa ukufinyelela kumadivayisi abo. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona amathuluzi athuthukile namasu angasisiza kulo msebenzi. Amanye alawa masu azochazwa ngezansi:

• I-Brute force: Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuzama zonke izinhlanganisela zephasiwedi ezingaba khona uze uthole elungile. Amathuluzi asetshenziswa njenge UJohn uMkhuhli o I-Hashcat ukwenza ukuhlasela kwe-brute force.
• Ubunjiniyela bomphakathi: Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukukhohlisa isisulu ukuze sithole ulwazi olubucayi, njengephasiwedi. Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukukhohlisa, noma ukuncenga kungasetshenziswa ukukhohlisa umsebenzisi.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-forensic: ngokuhlaziya idatha egciniwe kumakhalekhukhwini, njengamarekhodi ezingcingo, imilayezo yombhalo, noma amafayela esikhashana, kuyenzeka uthole imikhondo engaveza iphasiwedi. Amathuluzi afana I-Cellebrite o Ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu zisetshenziswa kabanzi kule njongo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zindlela kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokusemthethweni nangemvume yomnikazi wedivayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuwona wonke amasu asebenza kuzo zonke izimo, njengoba ukuphepha kweselula kuye kwaqiniswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukuthi uzame izindlela ezahlukene kanye namathuluzi okwandisa amathuba okuphumelela ekubuyiseleni iphasiwedi yeselula.

5. Kungenzeka yini ukungena kumakhalekhukhwini ngaphandle kokwazi i-password yawo?

Ukufinyelela umakhalekhukhwini ngaphandle kokwazi iphasiwedi yayo kungaba umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kwezinye izimo kungenzeka. Kunezindlela ezahlukene ezingasetshenziswa ukufeza lokhu, kodwa khumbula ukuthi emazweni amaningi nasezindaweni ezithile lokhu kungase kube emthethweni futhi kwephule ubumfihlo babanye abantu, ngakho kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho nezimiso ezisebenzayo.

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokufinyelela umakhalekhukhwini ngaphandle kokwazi iphasiwedi ngokusetha kabusha kwefekthri. Le ndlela isula yonke idatha ocingweni futhi iyibuyisele esimweni sayo sokuqala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuvala umakhalekhukhwini bese ucindezela izinhlanganisela zezinkinobho ezithile ukuze ufinyelele imodi yokutakula. Uma usufikile, ungakhetha inketho ethi "Factory data reset" futhi uqinisekise isenzo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le nqubo izosula yonke idatha ocingweni, ngakho lonke ulwazi olugcinwe kuyo luzolahleka.

Enye indlela engasetshenziswa iwukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuvula. Lawa mathuluzi akhelwe ngokuqondile ukufinyelela kumadivayisi eselula akhiyiwe. Uma ithuluzi selifakiwe kukhompyutha, umakhalekhukhwini okhiyiwe uxhunywa ngokusebenzisa a Ikhebula le-USB bese ulandela imiyalelo enikeziwe ukuze uyivule. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lapho usebenzisa la mathuluzi, njengoba amanye ewumgunyathi noma aqukathe ama-software ayingozi angalimaza umakhalekhukhwini wakho noma antshontshe imininingwane yomuntu.

6. Izingozi nemiphumela engokomthetho yokuzama ukuthola igama-mfihlo likamakhalekhukhwini womunye

Ukuzama ukuthola igama eliyimfihlo likamakhalekhukhwini womunye kungabandakanya izingozi ezimbalwa nemiphumela yezomthetho. Emazweni amaningi, lesi senzo sithathwa njengokwephulwa kwemfihlo futhi singase senze ubugebengu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela okushiwo ngaphambi kokuzama ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kudivayisi.

Okokuqala, ngokuzama ukuchaza igama-mfihlo likamakhalekhukhwini womunye, uzichaya emiphumeleni engase ibe khona yezomthetho. Kuye ngemithetho yezwe lakini, lokhu kungase kubhekwe njengecala lokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ohlelweni lwekhompiyutha, olunezijeziso zobugebengu. Kubalulekile ukuqonda imithetho endaweni yakho ngaphambi kokuzama ukufinyelela idivayisi ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi.

Ngokungeziwe emiphumeleni yomthetho, kukhona nezingozi mayelana nokuphepha. Imizamo yokweqa amagama ayimfihlo ingase itholwe umnikazi weselula noma amasistimu okuvikela, okungase kubangele izexwayiso noma ukuvalwa kwedivayisi. Ukwengeza, uma usebenzisa izindlela ezingalungile noma amathuluzi angathembekile, ungabeka ubuqotho bedivayisi noma ukuphepha kwakho engozini. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amadivaysi eselula ngokuvamile anezinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze avikele ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwabasebenzisi kanye nobumfihlo.

7. Ukubaluleka kokuvikela ngendlela efanele kanye nokuphatha amaphasiwedi edivayisi yeselula

Amagama-mfihlo ayisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvikela ukuvikela amadivaysi ethu eselula kanye nolwazi oluqukethwe. Ukuphatha nokuvikela kahle amagama ayimfihlo kubalulekile ukuze sigweme ukuhlaselwa okungenzeka futhi siqinisekise ubumfihlo bedatha yethu. Ngezansi kunemihlahlandlela yokuvikela nokuphatha ngokuphephile Amaphasiwedi edivayisi yeselula:

1. Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile: Kutuswa ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile futhi ahlukile kumakhalekhukhwini ngamunye. Lawa magama ayimfihlo kufanele ahlanganise izinhlamvu (osonhlamvukazi abancane nabancane), izinombolo, nezimpawu, futhi abe made ngokwanele ukuze kube nzima ukuqhekeka. Gwema ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo asobala, njengezinsuku zokuzalwa noma ukulandelana kwezinombolo.

2. Nika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili: Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili kunikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ngokudinga uhlobo lwesibili lokuqinisekisa ukuze ufinyelele idivayisi. Lokhu kungaba ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokufakazela ubuqiniso beselula noma ngokuthumela ikhodi yokuqinisekisa nge-SMS. Ukunika amandla le nketho kusiza ukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumadivayisi eselula, ngisho noma othile ethole igama-mfihlo eliyinhloko.

3. Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuphatha iphasiwedi: Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa zokuphatha amaphasiwedi nezinhlelo ezingakusiza ukuthi uphathe ngokuphephile amaphasiwedi edivayisi yeselula. Lawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ugcine futhi ubethele amaphasiwedi, ukhiqize amagama ayimfihlo angahleliwe futhi wenze kube lula ukufinyelela okuphephile kumadivayisi eselula ngaphandle kokukhumbula wonke amagama ayimfihlo ngesandla.

Kafushane, kulesi sihloko sihlole amasu ahlukahlukene kanye nokucatshangelwa ukwazi iphasiwedi yeselula. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumadivayisi eselula akukho emthethweni futhi kungase kwephule ubumfihlo namalungelo abantu.

Siqaphele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zobunjiniyela bokuxhumana nabantu, njengokubuka okungabonakali noma ukusetshenziswa kwesoftware ekhethekile, kungasebenza ngempumelelo ekutholeni amaphasiwedi edivayisi yeselula. Kodwa-ke, sigcizelela ukuthi le mikhuba iyangabazeka kakhulu futhi ayamukeleki ngokokuziphatha.

Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka kwabantu kufanele kuhlonishwe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Sincoma ngokuqinile ukuthi abasebenzisi bavikele amadivayisi abo ngamaphasiwedi aqinile futhi banakekele kakhulu ukuwagcina eyimfihlo.

Esikhundleni sokuzama ukufinyelela ngokungafanele omakhalekhukhwini babanye, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhuthaza ukuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kobumfihlo bedijithali.

Sengiphetha, nakuba kukhona amasu okwazi igama-mfihlo likamakhalekhukhwini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ngokuziphatha kahle nokuhlonipha ubumfihlo babanye. Esikhundleni sokubheka izindlela zokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, kungcono ukuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kokuphepha kanye nobumfihlo emhlabeni wedijithali.