Umehluko phakathi kwe-carbonyl ne-carboxyl

Isibuyekezo sokugcina: 23/05/2023
Umbhali: USebastian Vidal

Isingeniso

Kumakhemikhali wezinto eziphilayo, kunamaqembu amaningana asebenzayo abalulekile ekuhlonzeni nasekuhlukaniseni izinhlanganisela. Enye yazo ama-carbonyl nama-carboxyl, anezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezihluke kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi uyini umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu womabili asebenzayo.

I-Carbonyl

I-Carbonyl iyiqembu elisebenzayo elitholakala kuma-aldehydes nama-ketones. Iqukethe i-athomu ye-carbon ehlanganiswe nomoya-mpilo ngebhondi ephindwe kabili. Ifomula evamile ye-carbonyl ithi RC=O.

Aldehídos

Ku-aldehydes, i-carbonyl isekupheleni weketanga, ngakho ifomula evamile ye-aldehyde ithi R-CHO. Ama-aldehyde anezakhiwo ezinciphisa futhi abalulekile ekuhlanganiseni okuphilayo.

Cetonas

Kuma-ketone, i-carbonyl iphakathi neketango, ngakho ifomula evamile ye-ketone ithi R-CO-R'. Ama-ketones abalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ayasebenza nasembonini yamakhemikhali.

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I-Carboxyl

I-Carboxyl iyiqembu elisebenzayo elitholakala kuma-carboxylic acid. Yakhiwa i-athomu yekhabhoni exhunywe kumoya-mpilo ngebhondi ephindwe kabili kanye neqembu le-hydroxyl (OH) ngebhondi eyodwa. Ifomula evamile ye-carboxyl ithi R-COOH.

I-Carboxylic acids ine-acidic properties, njengoba ilahlekelwa i-proton evela eqenjini le-hydroxyl ukwakha i-anion ye-carboxylate. Zibuye zisetshenziswe ekuhlanganiseni ama-esters nama-amide.

Isiphetho

Nakuba i-carbonyl ne-carboxyl zinesibopho esifanayo phakathi kwe-oxygen ne-carbon, izakhiwo zayo amakhemikhali ahluke kakhulu. I-Carbonyl itholakala kuma-aldehydes nama-ketones, kuyilapho i-carboxyl itholakala kuma-carboxylic acid. Zombili zibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlanganisela eziphilayo futhi zisebenzise emikhakheni ehlukene yamakhemikhali.

Imithombo

  • McMurry, J. Organic Chemistry. 7th ed. UBrooks Cole, ngo-2008.
  • Carey, F. Organic Chemistry. 7th ed. UMcGraw Hill, ngo-2008.