I-Xcode, indawo edidiyelwe yokuthuthukiswa kwe-Apple (IDE), isiphenduke ithuluzi elibalulekile labathuthukisi be-iOS nabama-macOS. Njengoba amaphrojekthi ekhula ebunzimeni, ukuthola nokukhetha amafayela afanele ku-Xcode kuba umsebenzi obalulekile. Kuleli phepha elimhlophe, sizohlola izindlela nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokukhetha amafayela ku-Xcode, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza. Kusukela ekuzuleni iphaneli yephrojekthi kuya ekusebenziseni izinqamuleli zekhibhodi, sizothola indlela yokukhulisa amandla aleli thuluzi elinamandla. Uma ungunjiniyela ofuna ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi ku-Xcode, lo mhlahlandlela uzokunikeza ulwazi oludingayo ukuze ukhethe amafayela. ngempumelelo futhi ngaphandle kwezihibe. Ake siqale!
1. Isingeniso sokukhetha amafayela ku-Xcode
I-Xcode iyindawo yokuthuthukisa edidiyelwe (IDE) eyakhiwe i-Apple ukuze ithuthukise izinhlelo zokusebenza zamadivayisi ayo, njenge-iPhone, i-iPad, ne-Mac Ukukhetha amafayela kokuthi Hlela amafayela adingekayo ukuze wakhe uhlelo lokusebenza oluyimpumelelo. Kulesi sigaba, sizofunda izisekelo zokukhetha ifayela ku-Xcode nokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani lokhu kusebenza ngempumelelo.
Lapho uqala iphrojekthi entsha ku-Xcode, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ungawakhetha kanjani amafayela afanele engxenyeni ngayinye yohlelo lokusebenza. I-Xcode inikezela ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamafayela athile ngenhloso ngayinye, njengamakilasi, izixhumanisi zabasebenzisi, izinsiza, njll. Lawa mafayela angengezwa ekuzulazuleni kwephrojekthi ukuze asetshenziswe kalula futhi aphathwe.
Uma amafayela esekhethiwe futhi engezwe kuphrojekthi, kubalulekile ukuwahlela ngendlela efanele. I-Xcode inikeza amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukuhlela nokuhlela amafayela abe ngamaqembu namafolda. Kutuswa ukusebenzisa ukwakheka okunengqondo nokuhambisanayo ukuze kube lula ukuzulazula nokugcinwa kwephrojekthi isikhathi eside. Ukwengeza, amathegi namazwana angasetshenziswa ukwengeza amanothi nezincazelo kumafayela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma nisebenza njengeqembu noma nidinga ukukhumbula imininingwane ethile mayelana nefayela elithile.
2. Ukubaluleka kokukhetha kahle ifayela ku-Xcode
Ukukhetha kahle ifayela ku-Xcode kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-iOS. Ngokukhetha ifayela elingalungile, singathula amaphutha kukhodi yethu futhi sithinte ukusebenza nokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza. Ngezansi kunezinyathelo zokukhetha kahle ifayela ku-Xcode:
- Vula i-Xcode bese ulayisha iphrojekthi osebenza kuyo.
- Kufasitelana elingakwesokunxele le-Xcode, thola bese ukhetha ifolda equkethe amafayela ephrojekthi.
- Ngaphakathi kwefolda, khetha ifayela elilungile ofuna ukulihlela.
- Qiniseka ukuthi ifayela elikhethiwe linohlobo lwefayela olufanele. Isibonelo, uma usebenza kusixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo lokusebenza, qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha ifayela lohlobo "I-Interface Builder."
Ngaphezu kokulandela lezi zinyathelo, kuneminye imihlahlandlela ongayikhumbula lapho ukhetha ifayela ku-Xcode:
- Njalo bhala igama lefayela nendawo ngaphambi kokuhlela ukuze ugweme ukudideka.
- Uma ungenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi yiliphi ifayela ongalikhetha, ungasebenzisa umsebenzi wokusesha we-Xcode ukuze uthole ifayela ngegama lakhe noma okuqukethwe.
Ukukhetha ifayela ngendlela efanele ku-Xcode kungakongela isikhathi nomzamo wokuthuthukisa iphrojekthi yakho. Khumbula njalo ukunaka imininingwane bese ukhetha ifayela elifanele lomsebenzi ngamunye ofuna ukuwenza.
3. Izindlela eziyisisekelo zokukhetha ifayela ku-Xcode
Uma sisebenza ku-Xcode, kuvamile ukuthi sidinga ukukhetha ifayela elithile ukuze senze isenzo noma siguqule okuqukethwe kwalo. Ngenhlanhla, i-Xcode isinika izindlela ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo zokufeza lo msebenzi kalula. Okulandelayo, ngizochaza ezinye zalezi zindlela:
1. I-Project Navigator: Indlela esheshayo nelula yokukhetha ifayela ukusebenzisa isiphequluli sephrojekthi ku-Xcode. Kufanele nje uvule isiphequluli sephrojekthi ngokuchofoza inkinobho ehambisanayo kubha eseceleni yesokunxele ye-Xcode. Uma usuvuliwe, uzokwazi ukuzulazula ngesakhiwo sephrojekthi yakho bese ukhetha ifayela olifunayo ngokuchofoza kulo. Lokhu kuzovula ifayela kusihleli se-Xcode.
2. Izinqamuleli zekhibhodi: I-Xcode futhi ihlinzeka ngezinqamuleli zekhibhodi ezimbalwa ezikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe amafayela ngokushesha. Ungasebenzisa inhlanganisela yokhiye “Cmd + Shift + J” ukuze uvule isiphequluli sephrojekthi bese usebenzisa okhiye bemicibisholo ukuze ukhethe ifayela olifunayo. Le ndlela iwusizo ikakhulukazi uma ujwayele ukusebenzisa izinqamuleli zekhibhodi ekuhambeni kwakho komsebenzi.
3. Ibha yokusesha: Uma unamafayela amaningi kuphrojekthi yakho futhi ungafuni ukuzulazula kuso sonke isakhiwo ukuze uthole ifayela elidingekayo, ungasebenzisa ibha yokusesha ye-Xcode. Le bha itholakala phezulu kwewindi le-Xcode futhi ikuvumela ukuthi useshe amafayela ngamagama noma ngokuqukethwe. Vele ufake igama noma ingxenye yegama lefayela ofuna ukuyikhetha futhi i-Xcode izohlunga imiphumela ukuze uyithole kalula.
4. Ukusebenzisa izinqamuleli zekhibhodi ukukhetha amafayela ku-Xcode
Ukusebenzisa izinqamuleli zekhibhodi ku-Xcode kungakusiza uthuthukise uketshezi nokusebenza kahle kwakho lapho ukhetha amafayela endaweni yokuthuthukiswa. Ngezansi sizokubonisa izinqamuleli zekhibhodi eziwusizo ongazisebenzisa ukwenza le nqubo ibe lula.
1. Inketho + chofoza: Ungasebenzisa le nhlanganisela yokhiye ukuze ukhethe amafayela amaningi kanyekanye. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi uma udinga ukwenza umsebenzi kumafayela amaningi ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengokuzisusa noma ukuziyisa endaweni ehlukile.
2. Command + chofoza bese uhudule: Ngalesi sinqamuleli sekhibhodi, ungakhetha isifunda esingunxande samafayela ngokuhudula ikhesa yegundane. Lokhu kungaba usizo uma ufuna ukukhetha amafayela amaningi endaweni efanayo ngokushesha nangokunembile.
5. Ungawakhetha kanjani amafayela amaningi ku-Xcode
Ukukhetha amafayela amaningi ku-Xcode kungaba umsebenzi owusizo futhi olula lapho udinga ukwenza imisebenzi noma izinguquko kumafayela amaningi kokubili. Ngenhlanhla, i-Xcode inikeza izindlela ezahlukene zokukhetha amafayela amaningi kalula nangempumelelo.
Indlela elula yokukhetha amafayela amaningi ku-Xcode ukusebenzisa ukhiye Umyalo kukhibhodi yakho. Vele ubambe ukhiye Umyalo bese uchofoza amafayela ofuna ukuwakhetha. Ungakhetha amafayela ngokungaguquki, okungukuthi, khetha amafayela angekho ngokulandelana ngokulandelana, ngokumane ubambe ukhiye. Umyalo ngenkathi uchofoza amafayela owafunayo.
Enye indlela yokukhetha amafayela amaningi ku-Xcode ukusebenzisa ifayela le- Sesha bese ukhetha. Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuthi useshe amafayela ngamagama noma ngezinye izindlela zokuhlunga bese ukhetha wonke amafayela ahlangabezana naleyo mibandela. Ukuze uyisebenzise, mane uye kumenyu Funa i Kubha yemenyu ye-Xcode, khetha Sesha bese ukhetha futhi ucacise indlela yakho yokusesha. Bese uchofoza inkinobho Khetha konke ukuze ukhethe wonke amafayela atholakele.
6. Amathuluzi Athuthukile Okukhethwa Kwefayela ku-Xcode
Ku-Xcode, amathuluzi okukhetha amafayela athuthukile ayisici esiwusizo sokuhlela nokuphatha amaphrojekthi akho. Lawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi wenze ukukhetha okunembile kwefayela namafolda, okwenza kube lula ukuzulazula nokusesha iphrojekthi yakho.
Elinye lamathuluzi aphawuleka kakhulu ibha yokusesha esheshayo. Ngaleli thuluzi, ungakwazi ukusesha futhi uhlunge amafayela athile namafolda kuphrojekthi yakho. Ungafinyelela kuyo kusukela kubha yokuzulazula ephezulu, ngokumane uthayiphe igama le- ifayela noma ifolda ofuna ukukuthola. Ukwengeza, ungasebenzisa ama-opharetha osesho oluthuthukisiwe, njengokuthi * ukumela noma yiluphi uhlamvu noma ? ukumela uhlamvu olulodwa.
Elinye ithuluzi eliwusizo ukukhetha amafayela amaningi. Ungakhetha amafayela namafolda amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngokubamba ukhiye we-Command bese uchofoza izinto ofuna ukuzikhetha. Lokhu kusebenza kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekwenzeni izenzo zenqwaba, njengokwengeza amafayela kusilawuli senguqulo noma ukususa amafayela angadingekile. Ukwengeza, ungakwazi ukuguqula okukhethiwe usebenzisa inketho ethi "Guqula Ukukhethwa" kumenyu yokuqukethwe.
7. Amathiphu namasu okukhethwa kahle kwefayela ku-Xcode
Ukukhethwa kwefayela okusebenzayo ku-Xcode kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lokusebenza. Ngezansi kukhona ezinye amathiphu namaqhinga lokho kuzokusiza ukusheshisa le nqubo:
Sebenzisa amaqembu namafolda: Uhlela amafayela akho ibe ngamaqembu namafolda anengqondo ukuze useshe kalula futhi uzulazule. Ungakha amaqembu namafolda ngokukhetha inketho ethi “Iqembu Elisha” noma “Ifolda Yeqembu Elisha” kumenyu yokuqukethwe yephaneli yokuzulazula.
Sebenzisa umsebenzi wokusesha: I-Xcode inomsebenzi wokusesha onamandla okuvumela ukuthi uthole amafayela ngamagama, uhlobo, noma okuqukethwe. Ungayifinyelela ngokufaka amagama angukhiye endaweni yokusesha esekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla sewindi elikhulu.
Sebenzisa izinqamuleli zekhibhodi: I-Xcode inikezela ngezinqamuleli zekhibhodi ezahlukahlukene ezikuvumela ukuthi wenze izenzo ezijwayelekile ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ungasebenzisa isinqamuleli esithi “Cmd + Shift + O” ukuze uvule ngokushesha amafayela ngamagama noma isinqamuleli esithi “Cmd + Shift + J” ukuze ubonise ifayela elikhethiwe kufasitelana lokuzulazula.
Sengiphetha, ukukhetha ifayela ku-Xcode Kuyinqubo kubalulekile ukusebenza ngempumelelo ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza. Njengoba sesibonile, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokukhetha ifayela ku-Xcode, usebenzisa izinqamuleli zekhibhodi, usebenzisa ibha yokuzulazula noma ngomhloli wokuzulazula.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nekhono lokukhetha ngokushesha amafayela ku-Xcode kubalulekile ukuze wenze kube lula ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi nokonga isikhathi enqubweni yokuthuthukisa. Ukwengeza, ukujwayelana nezinketho ezihlukene zokukhetha amafayela kungavumela abathuthukisi ukuthi basebenzise ngokugcwele amakhono e-Xcode futhi benze izinguquko nezinguqulo ngempumelelo kakhudlwana.
Njengabathuthukisi, kufanele sazi amathuluzi ahlukahlukene kanye nezici lezo isinikeza Xcode ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwethu. Ikhono lokukhetha ngokushesha amafayela ku-Xcode lingelinye nje lamakhono amaningi obuchwepheshe okufanele siwazi kahle ukuze sizuze ngokugcwele kuleli thuluzi lokuthuthukisa elinamandla.
Ngamafuphi, ukukhethwa kwamafayela ku-Xcode kuyikhono elibalulekile okufanele wonke umthuthukisi alazi futhi alazi kahle. Ngezindlela ezahlukene, njengezinqamuleli zekhibhodi, ibha yokuzulazula noma umhloli wokuzulazula, singakhetha amafayela kuwo. indlela ephumelelayo futhi uthuthukise ukuhamba kwethu komsebenzi. Ngokuqonda nokusebenzisa lezi zindlela zokukhetha amafayela ku-Xcode, singathola okuningi kuleli thuluzi futhi sikhiqize kakhudlwana ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.