Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngesihloko esibalulekile emphakathini wezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi indlela yokudala amagciwane e-PC. Nakuba sikugxeka noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwalolu lwazi, sikholwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi amagciwane ekhompyutha asebenza kanjani ukuze sakhe izinyathelo zokuvikela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, sizohlola imiqondo eyinhloko yezobuchwepheshe ehlobene nokudalwa kwamagciwane, ngaphandle kokugqugquzela noma ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwawo okunonya ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Qhubeka nokufunda ukuze uthole ulwazi olujulile nolunomthwalo wemfanelo ngalesi sihloko.

1. Isingeniso ekudalweni kwamagciwane ekhompyutha

Amagciwane ekhompyutha ayizinhlelo eziyingozi eziklanyelwe ukungena ezinhlelweni zekhompiyutha futhi zidale amazinga ahlukene okucekela phansi. Ukwakhiwa kwalawa magciwane kuwumkhuba ongekho emthethweni futhi olahlwa kakhulu embonini yezobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kwe-cybersecurity kanye nendlela yokuvikela amasistimu ethu, kubalulekile ukujwayelana nezisekelo zokudala amagciwane ekhompyutha.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukudala amagciwane ekhompyutha kuwumsebenzi oyingozi futhi oyingozi kwabanye. Akufanele uzame ukudala igciwane ngezinhloso ezinonya, njengoba imiphumela yezomthetho ingaba yingozi kunalokho, ukufunda ngokudala amagciwane kungakusiza uqonde ukuthi asebenza kanjani nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani kuwo.

Ukwakha igciwane lekhompyutha, ulwazi oluthuthukile ekuhlelweni kanye nokuqonda okujulile kokuthi amagciwane asebenza kanjani kuyadingeka. izinhlelo zokusebenza. Amagciwane asakazeka ngokufaka ikhodi yawo kumafayela noma ezinhlelweni ezisemthethweni, okuwavumela ukuba aziphindaphinde futhi azenze amafayela angenangozi. Ukwengeza, amagciwane angaba nemigomo ehlukene, njengokweba ulwazi oluyimfihlo, ukucekela phansi idatha, noma ukugcwala inethiwekhi ngethrafikhi engadingeki. Kubalulekile ukuba ⁤nezinyathelo zokuphepha, ezifana nesofthiwe ebuyekeziwe yesivikeli magciwane kanye nezindonga zokuvikela, ukuze ⁢uvikele amasistimu ethu ezinsongweni ezingaba khona ze-inthanethi.

2. Amathuluzi nezilimi zokuthuthukisa amagciwane⁤ e-PC

Emkhakheni wokuphepha kwamakhompiyutha, ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane e-PC kuyisihloko esithatha abaduni abaningi kanye nochwepheshe be-cybersecurity. Kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene nezilimi zokuhlela ezivumela ukwakhiwa kwamagciwane akwazi ukuthikameza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana neWindows. Okulandelayo, sizosho ezinye zezinketho ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kule ndawo.

1. I-Metasploit: Leli thuluzi elidumile lisetshenziswa kakhulu ochwepheshe bezokuphepha bekhompyutha ukuthuthukisa nokuhlola imisebenzi. I-Metasploit ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole ubungozi ezinhlelweni futhi bathuthukise ukuhlasela okuqondiswe ngqo kuma-PC. Lolu hlaka lomthombo ovulekile luguquguquka kakhulu futhi lunikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zalabo abathanda ukuthuthukiswa kwegciwane.

2. I-Python: Yaziwa⁤ ngobulula nokusebenziseka kwayo ngezindlela eziningi,⁢ Python isibe olunye lwezilimi zokuhlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane e-PC. Umphakathi wayo obanzi nemitapo yolwazi eyisipesheli ikwenza kube inketho ekahle kulabo abafuna ukuphenya emhlabeni wokudala uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Ukulula kokukhohlisa amafayela, ukuthumela imiyalo, nokuthuthukisa amasu okugqoka⁢ kwenza iPython ibe ithuluzi elinamandla ⁢okungalungile .

3. C/C++: Lezi zilimi zokuhlela ezisezingeni eliphansi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwegciwane ngenxa yekhono lazo lokufinyelela ngokuqondile kanye nokukhohlisa inkumbulo yekhompyutha. isistimu esebenzayo. Nakuba zidinga izinga eliphezulu lolwazi lokuhlela nolwazi, zinamandla ngokwedlulele futhi zivumela ukudalwa kwe-malware eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ikhono lokulawula ngokuqondile nokuguqula ikhodi yesistimu yokusebenza liyenza ibe yinhle kulabo abafuna ukuthuthukisa amagciwane angokwezifiso, okunzima ukuwabona.

Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane e-PC kungaba nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisemthethweni emkhakheni we-cybersecurity, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kabi kwalawa mathuluzi nolwazi kungaba nemiphumela engokomthetho Kuhlala kuhle ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela ngezinhloso zokuziphatha kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo, ugxile ukuvikela izinhlelo kunokuzifaka engozini.

3. Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokuhlela oludingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe igciwane elisebenzayo

Ukwakha igciwane eliphumelelayo, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi oluyisisekelo lokuhlela. Lawa makhono azokuvumela ukuthi uqonde ukuthi amasistimu ekhompiyutha asebenza kanjani nokuthi ungazuza kanjani ngobungozi bawo. Ngezansi olunye ulwazi okufanele ulufunde kahle:

• Izilimi zokuhlela: Kubalulekile ukuthi uqonde ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani izilimi ezifana ne-C++, Python noma i-Java, njengoba zizokuvumela ukuthi ubhale ikhodi yegciwane⁤ ngempumelelo.
• Izakhiwo zesistimu: Kufanele ube nolwazi mayelana nendlela amasistimu wokusebenza nezingqimba ezihlukene zohlelo lwekhompiyutha asebenza ngayo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ubone amathuba okungena futhi usakaze igciwane ngempumelelo.
• Amanethiwekhi namaphrothokholi: Ukuqonda ukuthi amadivayisi axhumana kanjani kunethiwekhi kubalulekile ekuklameni igciwane⁢ elikwazi ukusabalala ngokushesha. Kufanele wazi amaphrothokholi afana ne-TCP/IP ne-DNS, kanye nezindlela zokugebenga ukuze kuxhashazwe ubungozi benethiwekhi.

Ngokungeziwe kulolu lwazi lobuchwepheshe,⁢ kubalulekile⁤ ukuthi ⁢uphinde uthole ukuqonda okujulile⁣ kwezimiso zokuziphatha nemithelela yezomthetho ehlobene nokudala amagciwane. ⁢Hlala ukhumbula ukwenza ngokuzibophezela nangokuziphatha emisebenzini yakho eku-inthanethi.

Kafushane, ulwazi “lohlelo oluyisisekelo” oludingayo ukuze udale igciwane eliphumelelayo luhlanganisa ukuphatha kahle izilimi zokuhlela, ukuqonda ukwakheka kwesistimu, nolwazi lwamanethiwekhi nezivumelwano. Ngalawa makhono, uzokwazi ukuklama igciwane elikwazi ukusizakala ngobuthakathaka obukhona ezinhlelweni zamakhompiyutha ngempumelelo.

4. Izindlela zobunjiniyela bezenhlalo ezisetshenziswa ekusabalaliseni amagciwane

Izindlela zobunjiniyela bomphakathi zisetshenziswa kakhulu izigebengu ze-inthanethi ukusabalalisa ngempumelelo amagciwane nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Lawa masu asekelwe ekukhohliseni nasekukhohliseni ngokwengqondo kwabasebenzisi ukubenza benze izenzo ezisiza ukufakwa kwalezi zinhlelo ezinonya kumasistimu abo. Ngezansi amanye amasu asetshenziswa kakhulu:

Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Kuqukethe ukuthumela ama-imeyili omgunyathi azenza sengathi avela ebhizinisini elithenjwayo, njengebhange noma isevisi ye-inthanethi. Lawa ma-imeyili⁤ avame ukucela ulwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwezezimali, noma akhuthaze umsebenzisi ukuthi achofoze izixhumanisi ezilanda uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompyutha kudivayisi yakhe.

Ubunjiniyela bezokuxhumana ngocingo: ⁣Kule nqubo, abahlaseli⁤ bazenza abamele inkampani noma isikhungo futhi bashayele abasebenzisi ukuthi bacele ulwazi oluyimfihlo noma babakhohlise ukuze⁢ bathathe izinyathelo ezibeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwabo. Bangase basebenzise izaba ezikholisayo ukuze bazuze ukwethenjwa isisulu.

Ubunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle ezinkundleni zokuxhumana: Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zisebenzisa amaphrofayli mbumbulu amanethiwekhi omphakathi ukuze uthole ukwethenjwa ngabasebenzisi. Ngemilayezo ekhohlisayo, bacela ulwazi lomuntu siqu noma babelane ngezixhumanisi ezinonya eziholela ekulandweni kwamagciwane noma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompyutha. Ukwengeza, bangasebenzisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi olusesidlangalaleni ukuze benze ukuhlasela kube ngokwakho futhi bakwenze kuthandeke kakhulu.

5. ⁤Ukuhlolwa kobungozi⁤ nemiphumela esemthethweni yokudala nokusabalalisa amagciwane ekhompyutha

Amagciwane ekhompyutha amele usongo olukhulu ekuvikelekeni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwamasistimu ekhompyutha. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ubungozi nemiphumela yezomthetho ehlotshaniswa nokudala nokusabalala kwalezi zinhlelo ezinonya. Ngezansi kukhona okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile:

• Ukulimala okungenzeka kumasistimu: Amagciwane ekhompyutha angabangela ukulimala okuhlukahlukene kumasistimu namanethiwekhi, okuhlanganisa ukulahleka kwedatha, ukuntshontshwa kolwazi oluyimfihlo, nokuphazamiseka kwezinsizakalo. Kubalulekile ukuhlola izinga lomonakalo ongenzeka kanye nekhono legciwane lokusabalala kanye nokuba nomthelela amanye amadivayisi.
• Umthelela kubumfihlo nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo: Ukudalwa kanye nokusabalala kwamagciwane ekhompuyutha kungonakalisa ubumfihlo kanye nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kolwazi lomuntu siqu nolwebhizinisi. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokuvikela idatha futhi kudale imiphumela “engathi sína” yezomthetho nesithunzi.
• Isibopho somthetho kanye nezijeziso: Ukwakhiwa nokusabalalisa amagciwane ekhompyutha kuyicala emazweni amaningi. Abenzi balezi zenzo ezinonya bangase babhekane namacala obugebengu, izinhlawulo zezezimali, futhi, kwezinye izimo, ngisho nezigwebo zasejele. Ukuhlola imiphumela engase ibe khona yomthetho kubalulekile ngaphambi kokwenza lolu hlobo lwemisebenzi engekho emthethweni.

Ngamafuphi, i-⁢la ibalulekile ekuqondeni umthelela ongaba khona lolu hlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha⁢ kumasistimu nakubantu. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukucabangela imithelela yesimilo nezomthetho ehambisana nalezi zinqubo. Ukuvimbela, ukuqwashisa nokubambisana phakathi kwabasebenzisi, abakhiqizi besofthiwe neziphathimandla kuyizici ezibalulekile zokunciphisa ubungozi nokuvikela ukuphepha endaweni yedijithali.

6. Ukucatshangelwa kokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha ekudaleni amagciwane e-PC

Lapho udala amagciwane e-PC, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukucatshangelwa okuhlukahlukene kokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha Lokhu kucatshangelwa ikakhulukazi inhloso nemiphumela yokuklama nokusabalalisa igciwane, kanye nomthelela ongemuhle ongaba nawo kubantu⁢ nobumfihlo yabasebenzisi. Ngezansi ezinye izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe:

• Ubungozi kubasebenzisi: Amagciwane ekhompyutha ⁢angabangela umonakalo omkhulu kubasebenzisi, kusukela ekuntshontshweni kolwazi lomuntu siqu kuya ekulahlekeni kwedatha ebalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukuthi izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokudala igciwane ziyazidlula yini izingozi kubasebenzisi ethintekile.
• Ukusemthethweni: Ukudalwa nokusabalala kwamagciwane e-PC kuwumsebenzi ongekho emthethweni⁤ emazweni amaningi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuzibandakanya kule mikhuba kungaholela emiphumeleni ebucayi yomthetho, okuhlanganisa izinhlawulo nezigwebo zasejele.
• Umthelela emphakathini: Amagciwane angeke athinte abantu ngabanye kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinkampani nezinhlangano ngokujwayelekile. Ukucabangela umthelela omubi okungaba nawo emphakathini ngaphambi kokudala igciwane kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo eziphusile zokuziphatha.

Sengiphetha, izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha kufanele kudlale indima ebalulekile ekudaleni amagciwane e-PC. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokucophelela ubungozi kubasebenzisi, uhloniphe umthetho futhi ucabange umthelela emphakathini ngaphambi kokuzibandakanya kulo msebenzi. Ukuvikeleka nobumfihlo babasebenzisi kufanele kube yinto ehamba phambili ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ukudalwa kwamagciwane ekhompyutha akuhambisani nalezi zimiso zokuziphatha ezibalulekile.

7. Izinyathelo zokuphepha nokuvikela ukuze uzivikele kumagciwane ekhompyutha

Ezweni lanamuhla ledijithali⁤, ukuvikela izisetshenziswa zethu kanye nedatha yomuntu siqu kumagciwane ekhompyutha kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngezansi, sethula ezinye izindlela zokuphepha kanye nokuvimbela ongazithatha ukuze ugcine ikhompuyutha yakho ivikelekile:

Gcina isofthiwe yakho isesikhathini: Qiniseka ukuthi kokubili uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza njengoba zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe nezinhlelo zihlala zihambisana nesikhathi. Izibuyekezo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa amapeshi okuvikela alungisa ubungozi obaziwayo.

Sebenzisa isofthiwe ye-antivirus: Faka isofthiwe ye-antivirus ethembekile futhi uyigcine ibuyekezwa njalo. Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo ziyakwazi ukuhlonza nokuqeda amagciwane, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha nezinye izinsongo zekhompyutha. Yenza ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uthole izifo ezingase zibe khona.

Gwema ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma ukulanda amafayela: Umkhuba obalulekile wokuzivikela kumagciwane ekhompyutha ukugwema ukuchofoza izixhumanisi noma ukulanda amafayela emithonjeni engaziwa noma esolisayo. Amagciwane avame ukuzifihla njengokunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili noma izixhumanisi kumawebhusayithi onakalisiwe. Njalo ⁤hlola umthombo⁢ ngaphambi kokuchofoza noma ukulanda noma yini.

8. Izincomo zokuphequlula okuphephile nokunesibopho ku-inthanethi

Esimeni samanje sedijithali, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuphequlula okuphephile nokunesibopho ku-inthanethi. Nazi ezinye izincomo ezizokusiza uvikele ubumfihlo bakho futhi ugweme izinsongo ezingaba khona ku-inthanethi:

1. Gcina⁤ idivayisi yakho ivikelekile:

• Faka i-antivirus ethembekile futhi uyigcine ibuyekeziwe.
• Ungalandi izinhlelo zokusebenza⁤ noma izinhlelo ezivela emithonjeni engathembekile.
• Utiliza contraseñas seguras y cámbialas regularmente.

2. Gwema ukudalulwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu:

• Ungabelani ngedatha yomuntu siqu njenge-ID, ikheli noma inombolo yocingo ezisekelweni ezingavikelekile.
• Qaphela ama-imeyili noma imilayezo ecela ulwazi olubucayi noma oluyimfihlo.
• Lungiselela ubumfihlo kumaphrofayili akho kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana ukuze ukhawulele ukufinyelela kudatha yakho yomuntu siqu.

3. ⁢Qaphela lapho uphequlula i-inthanethi:

• Qiniseka ukuthi amawebhusayithi owavakashelayo asebenzisa ukuxhumana okuvikelekile (HTTPS).
• Gwema ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma emithonjeni engaziwa.
• Ungavuli okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili noma imilayezo evela kubathumeli abangaziwa.

9. Ukubaluleka kokugcina isistimu yokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza zibuyekeziwe ukuze kugwenywe ubungozi

Ukubaluleka kokugcina ulwazi olusha uhlelo lokusebenza futhi izicelo azikwazi ukweqiwa. Ukwenza kanjalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi yakho ivikelekile ekubeni sengozini nokuhlaselwa okunonya. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izibuyekezo ezitholakalayo futhi uzisebenzise ngokushesha. Izibuyekezo uhlelo lokusebenza futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza azithuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kwedivayisi, kodwa futhi zilungisa iziphazamisi nokuchibiyela ubungozi obaziwayo. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi yakho inokuvikeleka okungcono kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukwengeza, ukugcina isistimu yokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza kusesikhathini nakho kunikeza izinzuzo ngokuya ngokusebenza. Izibuyekezo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza nokulungiselelwa okungasheshisa isivinini nokusebenza kahle kwedivayisi yakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumadivayisi amadala, njengoba izibuyekezo zingasiza ukwandisa ubude bawo bempilo futhi ziwagcine esebenza kahle.

Okokugcina, ngokugcina isistimu yakho yokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza zisesikhathini samanje, uqinisekisa nokuthi usebenzisa zonke izici ezintsha nokusebenza okwengezwa njalo. Izibuyekezo ezintsha⁢ zingase zilethe ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kubonwa, izinketho ezintsha zokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo, namathuluzi engeziwe angathuthukisa umuzwa wakho wonke ngedivayisi. Ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva kukuvumela ukuthi uthole okuningi kudivayisi yakho futhi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi akamuva nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.

10. ⁣Ukusetshenziswa kwesivikeli magciwane kanye ⁢nesofthiwe elwa ne-malware: izincomo nezinqubo ezihamba phambili

Emhlabeni wanamuhla, lapho ukuvikeleka ku-inthanethi kubaluleke kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-antivirus kanye nesofthiwe ye-antimalware sekuyisidingo sanoma yimuphi umsebenzisi wekhompyutha. Lezi zinhlelo zisivikela ezinsongweni ezifana nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, amagciwane, i-ransomware kanye ne-spyware, phakathi kokunye. Ngezansi kukhona izincomo nezinqubo ezihamba phambili zokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okusebenzayo.

1. Gcina i-antivirus yakho nesofthiwe elwa ne-malware ibuyekeziwe: Kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi unenguqulo yakamuva yesofthiwe efakwe⁤ ⁢khompuyutha yakho. Onjiniyela bakhipha izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile ezengeza ukusebenza okusha futhi zithuthukise ukutholwa kosongo.

2. Yenza ukuskena njalo kwesistimu yakho: Hlela ukuskena okuvamile ku-antivirus yakho kanye nesofthiwe ye-antimalware ukuze ubheke izinsongo ezingaba khona. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone futhi ususe noma iyiphi i-malware noma amagciwane okungenzeka atheleleke ohlelweni lwakho. Ukwengeza, kuyatuseka ukwenza ukuskena okugcwele ngemuva kokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha noma isoftware.

3. Sebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinhlelo: Ungazikhawuleli ekusebenziseni uhlelo olulodwa nje lokuvikela. Gcwalisa isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus ⁤nge-antimalware enhle ukuze ukhulise ukuvikeleka. Ezinye izinketho ezidumile⁢ zifaka i-Avast, Norton, McAfee, Malwarebytes, neKaspersky. Futhi, cabanga ukunika amandla ukuvikela ngesikhathi sangempela ukuthola futhi uvimbele izinsongo njengoba zenzeka.

11. Ukuhlola izindlela ezithuthukile zokuthola amagciwane ekhompyutha

Ezweni eliya ngokuya lixhumeka futhi lincike kubuchwepheshe, amagciwane ekhompyutha ayinkinga njalo ezinkampanini nakubasebenzisi Njengoba izindlela zokubona zithuthuka, izigebengu ze-inthanethi zibheka izindlela ezintsha zokuzigwema zisebenzisa amasu okubalekela. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ezinye zezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukugwema ukutholwa kwegciwane lekhompyutha.

1. I-Cryptography: Amagciwane ekhompyutha asebenzisa ama-algorithms wokubethela ukuze afihle ubunjalo bawo bangempela. Ngokusebenzisa amasu okufiphaza, izigebengu ze-inthanethi zingafihla ikhodi enonya futhi zenze kube nzima kuzigebengu ukuthi ziyibone. izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane.

Isibonelo sendlela yokweqa usebenzisa i-cryptography: Igciwane lisebenzisa i-asymmetric encryption algorithm ukuze lihlale likhiqiza okuhlukile kwekhodi yalo enonya, okwenza kube nzima ukulibona ngama-antivirus.

2. I-Polymorphism: Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuguqula njalo ikhodi yegciwane ukuze kukhiqizwe okuhlukile okuhlukile okungenakubonwa izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane. Igciwane lisebenzisa izindlela zokuguqula nokufundisa⁢ ukuze likhiqize amakhophi anezakhiwo nokuziphatha okuhlukile.

Isibonelo sendlela yokugwema ukutholwa kusetshenziswa⁢ i-polymorphism: Igciwane lisebenzisa uguquko kanye nezinqubo zokushintsha iziyalezo ukuze likhiqize izinkulungwane zezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile isikhathi ngasinye lapho lisabalala, okwenza kube nzima ukulithola nokuhlaziya.

3. Ama-Rootkits: Ama-Rootkits asetshenziselwa ukufihla ukuba khona kwezinye izinhlelo ezinonya ezinhlelweni ezisengozini. Lezi zinhlelo, ezivame ukungena phakathi kwesistimu yokusebenza, ziguqula ukusebenza kwesistimu ukuze kufihlwe imisebenzi esolisayo, njengokuxhumana namaseva okulawula noma ukuthelela amanye amafayela.

Isibonelo sesu lokugwema ukutholwa kusetshenziswa ama-rootkits: Igciwane lifakwe njengengxenye ye-rootkit ku-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza, lifihla imisebenzi yalo futhi ligwema ukutholwa izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane.

Lawa amanye amasu athuthukile asetshenziswa amagciwane ekhompyutha ukuze agweme ukutholwa. Njengoba izinhlelo zokuvikela amagciwane zithuthukisa amandla azo okuthola, izigebengu ze-inthanethi nazo zithuthukisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kubalulekile ukuthi abasebenzisi namabhizinisi baqaphele lawa masu futhi ⁤athathe izinyathelo ezifanele ⁢ukuvikela kuzo.

12. Ukuhlaziywa kanye nesifundo sesimo samagciwane aphawulekayo emlandweni wekhompyutha

Umhlaba wamakhompyutha ubone amagciwane amaningi ashiye uphawu olubalulekile emlandweni wezobuchwepheshe Ngezansi, sizohlola izehlakalo ezintathu eziphawulekayo zamagciwane ekhompyutha adale umonakalo esikhathini esidlule.

I-Melissa Virus

• Idethi yokuvela: Mashi 1999
• Uhlobo lwegciwane: Macro
• Indlela yokusabalalisa: I-imeyili⁢

Igciwane le-Melissa, elinye lama-macrovirus okuqala emlandweni wekhompyutha, lisakazeka ngokushesha ngama-macros angenwe kumadokhumenti ekhompyutha. I-Microsoft Word. Lapho uvula okunamathiselwe okunanyathiselwe okunegciwane, igciwane lathunyelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo koxhumana nabo bokuqala abangama-50 encwadini yamakheli ye-Outlook yomsebenzisi. Leli gciwane elibulalayo lithinte ⁤izigidi⁤ izinhlelo emhlabeni jikelele, okubangele ukugcwala kwenethiwekhi nokunciphisa amaseva e-imeyili.

ILOVEYOU Isibungu

• Idethi yokuvela: May 2000
• Uhlobo lwegciwane: Worm
• I-propagation medium: I-imeyili namanethiwekhi okwabelwana ngawo

Isibungu esesatshwayo se-ILOVEYOU, esibuye saziwa ngokuthi i-Love Letter, sasingelinye lamagciwane abhubhisa kakhulu esake saba khona. Satshalaliswa nge-imeyili enesihloko esihehayo kanye nesinamathiselo esibonakala singenacala, njengefayela lombhalo noma isithombe. Uma isivuliwe, isibungu sathatha isistimu futhi sathunyelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kubo bonke oxhumana nabo be-imeyili bomsebenzisi. Emahoreni angu-24 nje kuphela, kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-ILOVEYOU ithelele amakhompyutha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50, okwabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu komnotho kanye nezinxushunxushu ezisabalele emhlabeni wonke.

I-Worm Stuxnet

• Idethi yokuvela: Juni 2010
• Uhlobo lwegciwane: Worm
• I-propagation medium: I-USB namanethiwekhi

Isikelemu se-Stuxnet sithathwa njengomsebenzi wobugebengu be-inthanethi, njengoba sasiklanyelwe ukucekela phansi indawo eyodwa yezimboni ikakhulukazi: ama-uranium centrifuges acebile e-Iran. Lokhu kusongela okuyinkimbinkimbi kuthelele amanethiwekhi ezitshalo zenuzi futhi, ngemishini ye-USB, kwasakazeka emhlabeni wonke. I-Stuxnet ibonise amandla ezikelemu zekhompyutha njengesikhali se-inthanethi, futhi ukutholakala kwayo kwaphawula inguquko ekuvikelekeni kwamakhompiyutha emhlabeni jikelele.

13. Iqhaza labaduni abaqotho ekulweni namagciwane ekhompyutha

14. Isiphetho: Imicabango yokugcina ekudalweni kwamagciwane e-PC kanye nomthelela wawo ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha

Kulo lonke lolu cwaningo olunzulu, siye sahlolisisa ukudalwa kwamagciwane e-PC kanye nomthelela wawo ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha. Uphenyo lwethu luveza ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa nokusabalala kwamagciwane ekhompiyutha kumelela usongo olukhulu ekuthembekeni nasekugcinweni kuyimfihlo kolwazi kumasistimu ekhompyutha.

Kubalulekile⁢ ukuqonda ukuthi⁢ ukudalwa kwamagciwane akuphazamisi kuphela ukusebenza kwamakhompyutha, kodwa futhi kubeka ubumfihlo kanye nokuzinza kwenethiwekhi engcupheni. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi ezinamakhono obuchwepheshe zingasebenzisa leli thuba lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ukuze zifinyelele idatha ebucayi, zebe ulwazi lomuntu siqu, amasistimu onakalise, futhi ziphazamise ukusebenza kwebhizinisi. Ngakho-ke, isenzo esihlanganyelwe ngochwepheshe bezokuphepha bekhompyutha, abathuthukisi besofthiwe nabasebenzisi bokugcina kuyadingeka ukuze kuliwe nalolu songo olukhulayo.

Kafushane, ukwakhiwa kwamagciwane e-PC kumelela ukwephulwa okucacile kokuphepha kwekhompyutha, okuphazamisa ubuqotho kanye nobumfihlo bolwazi. Lo mbiko ugqamisa isidingo sokwamukela izinyathelo zokuvimbela nezisebenzayo ukuze kuvikelwe amasistimu namanethiwekhi ethu. Kubalulekile ukugqugquzela ukuqwashisa ngezinsongo ze-inthanethi, ukukhuthaza imfundo yokuphepha ku-inthanethi, nokuthuthukisa njalo ukutholwa kwe-malware nezindlela zokunciphisa. Kuphela ngokusebenzisana okuqinile nesinyathelo esiwujuqu lapho singavikela khona ikusasa lokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi.

Imibuzo Nezimpendulo

Umbuzo: Liyini igciwane le-PC?
A: I-PC virus wuhlelo olunonya oluklanyelwe ukungena ngesinyenyela kukhompuyutha futhi ludale umonakalo kumafayela, isistimu yokusebenza, noma ukweba imininingwane eyimfihlo.

Q: Yiziphi izingozi zokwenza i-PC virus?
A: Ukudala nokusabalalisa amagciwane e-PC kuwumsebenzi ongekho emthethweni futhi ongenasimilo. Ngokungeziwe emiphumeleni yezomthetho, ubungozi bokwenza igciwane le-PC zifaka⁢ ukulimala okungenzeka kumasistimu ⁤abanye abantu, ukulahlekelwa isithunzi, nezijeziso.

Q: Yiziphi izilimi zokuhlela ezisetshenziselwa ukudala amagciwane kuma-PC?
A: Amagciwane e-PC angabhalwa ngezilimi ezihlukahlukene zokuhlela, njenge-C++, C#, Python, Javascript, phakathi kwezinye. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi ngokuvamile zikhetha ulimi oluzifanela kangcono izinjongo zabo namakhono obuchwepheshe.

Umbuzo: ⁢Lisakazeka kanjani igciwane le-PC?
IMP: Amagciwane e-PC asakazwa kakhulu ngokulanda amafayela anamagciwane,⁢ ikakhulukazi emithonjeni engathembekile. Futhi zingadluliselwa ngama-imeyili, imilayezo esheshayo, noma izixhumanisi ezinonya kumawebhusayithi.

Q: Ungazivikela kanjani kumagciwane e-PC?
IMP: Ukuze uzivikele kumagciwane e-PC, kubalulekile ukulandela lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha: faka futhi ugcine olusha uhlelo oluthembekile lwe-antivirus, gwema ukulanda amafayela emithonjeni engaziwa, qaphela lapho uvula ama-imeyili asolisayo noma imilayezo futhi wenza amakhophi Ukulondoloza njalo amafayela abalulekile. .

Umbuzo: Ingabe amagciwane e-PC ayinkinga evamile namuhla?
A: Yebo, amagciwane e-PC ayinkinga evamile namuhla. Ngokuthembela okwandayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-inthanethi, abaduni bayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa nokusabalalisa amagciwane e-PC amasha, okwenza kudingeke ukuthi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva mayelana nokuphepha nokuvikela.

Ekuphetheni

Ukuphetha, kulesi sihloko sihlole indlela yokwenza amagciwane e-PC ngombono wezobuchwepheshe nokungathathi hlangothi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu okuqukethwe kwethulwe ngokwezinjongo zokufundisa nokucwaninga kuphela, ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi injongo enonya. Ukwakhiwa kwamagciwane ekhompyutha kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile yezomthetho nezimiso zokuziphatha futhi ukwenza kwawo noma ukusabalalisa akunconyiwe. Kunalokho, kubalulekile ukugxila emizamweni yethu ekuvikelweni nasekuvikelekeni kwezinhlelo zethu namanethiwekhi, kanye nokugqugquzela indawo yedijithali enesibopho. Masikhumbule ukuthi ulwazi esilutholile kumelwe lusetshenziswe ngendlela eyakhayo futhi ukuze kuzuze wonke umuntu.